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Hangraphy: Difference between revisions

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! !! IE !! Meaning !! English !! Latin !! Greek
! !! IE !! Meaning !! English !! Latin !! Greek
|-
|-
| || *ad- || ''to, near, at'' || at || ad
| 至 || *ad- || ''to, near, at'' || at || ad
|-
|-
| || *ag- || ''to drive, draw, move'' || || ag(o), ag(ere), eg(i), ac(tus)
| 驅 || *ag- || ''to drive, draw, move'' || || ag(o), ag(ere), eg(i), ac(tus)
|-
|-
| || *agh- || ''a day (considered as a span of time)'' || day, daw(n) (d- is a bit suss)
| 日 || *agh- || ''a day (considered as a span of time)'' || day, daw(n) (d- is a bit suss)
|-
|-
| || *agro- || ''field'' (probably derivative of *ag-) || acre || ager, agr(i)
| 田 || *agro- || ''field'' (probably derivative of *ag-) || acre || ager, agr(i)
|-
|-
| || *aik- || ''to be master of, possess'' || ough(t), owe, ow(n)
| 擁 || *aik- || ''to be master of, possess'' || ough(t), owe, ow(n)
|-
|-
| || *aim- || ''copy'' || || aem(ulus); im(itor), im(itari), im(itatus)
| || *aim- || ''copy'' || || aem(ulus); im(itor), im(itari), im(itatus)
|-
|-
| || *ais- || ''to wish, desire'' || as(k)
| 欲 || *ais- || ''to wish, desire'' || as(k)
|-
|-
| || *aiw-, ayu- || ''vital force, life, long life, eternity'' || ? || aev(um); ae(tas); ae(ternus) || (→eon)
| 壽 ? || *aiw-, ayu- || ''vital force, life, long life, eternity'' || ? || aev(um); ae(tas); ae(ternus) || (→eon)
|-
|-
| || *ak- || ''sharp'' || egg (''to egg on''), ha(mmer)?  || ac(us); ac(er), ac(ris), ac(re)
| 鋒 || *ak- || ''sharp'' || egg (''to egg on''), ha(mmer)?  || ac(us); ac(er), ac(ris), ac(re)
|-
|-
| 水 || *akʷ-ā- || ''water'' || is(land) || aqu(a)
| 水 || *akʷ-ā- || ''water'' || is(land) || aqu(a)
|-
|-
| || *al- || ''beyond'' || o(ther), el(se)|| il(le)?; ul(s), ul(tra); al(ter); al(ius) || (→allo-)
| 另/越 || *al- || ''beyond'' || o(ther), el(se)|| il(le)?; ul(s), ul(tra); al(ter); al(ius) || (→allo-)
|-
|-
| 育 || *al- || ''to grow, nourish'' || ol(d), el(der) || al(tus); al(mus); al(o), al(ere), al(ui), al(tus)
| 育 || *al- || ''to grow, nourish'' || ol(d), el(der) || al(tus); al(mus); al(o), al(ere), al(ui), al(tus)
|-
|-
| || *al- || ''all'' || all, al(beit), al(ready), al(so), al(though), al(ways)
| 全 || *al- || ''all'' || all, al(beit), al(ready), al(so), al(though), al(ways)
|-
|-
| || *albho- || ''white'' || elf? || alb(us)
| 白 || *albho- || ''white'' || elf? || alb(us)
|-
|-
| || *alu- || ''in words related to sorcery, magic, possession, and intoxication'' || ale
| || *alu- || ''in words related to sorcery, magic, possession, and intoxication'' || ale
|-
|-
| || *ambhi, m̥bhi || ''around'' (probably *ant-bhi, ''from both sides'') || ? || amb(io); amb(ulo)|| (→amphi-)  
| 圍 || *ambhi, m̥bhi || ''around'' (probably *ant-bhi, ''from both sides'') || ? || amb(io); amb(ulo)|| (→amphi-)  
|-
|-
| || *an- || ''on'' || on
| || *an- || ''on'' || on
|-
|-
| || *anə- || ''to breath'' || || ani(mus); ani(mal) || (anemos)
| 吸 || *anə- || ''to breath'' || || ani(mus); ani(mal) || (anemos)
|-
|-
| || *angh- || ''tight, painfully constricted, painful''
| 緊 || *angh- || ''tight, painfully constricted, painful''
|-
|-
| 鬼? || *ansu- || ''spirit, demon''
| 鬼? || *ansu- || ''spirit, demon''
|-
|-
| || *ant- || ''front, forehead''
| 前 || *ant- || ''front, forehead''
|-
|-
| || *apo-, ap- || ''off, away''
| 離 || *apo-, ap- || ''off, away''
|-
|-
| || *ar-, arə- || ''to fit together''
| || *ar-, arə- || ''to fit together''
|-
|-
| || *arg- || ''to shine, white; the shining or white metal, silver''
| 爍 || *arg- || ''to shine, white; the shining or white metal, silver''
|-
|-
| || *as- || ''to burn, glow''
| 燃 ？ || *as- || ''to burn, glow''
|-
|-
| || *at- || ''to go; with germanic and latin derivatives meaning a year (conceived as "the period gone through, the revolving year")''
| || *at- || ''to go; with germanic and latin derivatives meaning a year (conceived as "the period gone through, the revolving year")''
|-
|-
| || *āter- || ''fire''
| 火 || *āter- || ''fire''
|-
|-
| || *au- || ''to perceive''
| 覺 || *au- || ''to perceive''
|-
|-
| || *aug- || ''to increase''
| 增 || *aug- || ''to increase''
|-
|-
| || *aus- || ''to shine''
| 耀 || *aus- || ''to shine''
|-
|-
| || *awi- || ''bird''
| 禽 / 鳥 / 隹 || *awi- || ''bird''
|-
|-
| || *awo- || ''an adult male relative other than one's father''
| 伯 / 叔 / 舅 || *awo- || ''an adult male relative other than one's father''
|-
|-
| || *ayer- || ''day, morning''
| 朝 || *ayer- || ''day, morning''
|-
|-
| || *ayes- || ''a metal, copper or bronze''
| 銅 || *ayes- || ''a metal, copper or bronze''
|-
|-
| || *bak- || ''staff used for support''
| 杖 || *bak- || ''staff used for support''
|-
|-
| || *bel- || ''strong''
| 強 || *bel- || ''strong''
|-
|-
| || *bhā- || ''to shine''
| || *bhā- || ''to shine''
|-
|-
| || *bhā- || ''to speak''
| 曰 / 云 || *bhā- || ''to speak''
|-
|-
| || *bha-bhā- || ''broad bean''
| || *bha-bhā- || ''broad bean''
|-
|-
| || *bhad- || ''good''
| 好 / 良 || *bhad- || ''good''
|-
|-
| || *bhag- || ''to share out, apportion, also to get a share''
| || *bhag- || ''to share out, apportion, also to get a share''
|-
|-
| || *bhāgu- || ''arm''
| 臂 || *bhāgu- || ''arm''
|-
|-
| || *bhāgo- || ''beech tree''
| || *bhāgo- || ''beech tree''
|-
|-
| || *bhardh-ā- || ''beard''
| 鬚 || *bhardh-ā- || ''beard''
|-
|-
| || *bhares-, bhars- || ''barley''
| 麥 || *bhares-, bhars- || ''barley''
|-
|-
| || *bhau- || ''to strike''
| 擊 || *bhau- || ''to strike''
|-
|-
| || *bhegʷ- || ''to run''
| 奔 || *bhegʷ- || ''to run''
|-
|-
| || *bhei- || ''a bee''
| 蜂 || *bhei- || ''a bee''
|-
|-
| || *bheid- || ''to split; with Germanic derivatives referring to biting (hence also to eating and to  
| || *bheid- || ''to split; with Germanic derivatives referring to biting (hence also to eating and to  
hunting) and woodworking''
hunting) and woodworking''
|-
|-
| || *bheidh- || ''to trust, confide, persuade''
| 信 || *bheidh- || ''to trust, confide, persuade''
|-
|-
| || *bhel- || ''to shine, flash, burn; shining white and various bright colors''
| || *bhel- || ''to shine, flash, burn; shining white and various bright colors''
|-
|-
| || *bhel- || ''to blow, swell; with derivatives referring to various round objects and to the notion of tumescent masculinity''
| 脹 || *bhel- || ''to blow, swell; with derivatives referring to various round objects and to the notion of tumescent masculinity''
|-
|-
| 花 || *bhel- || ''flower, thrive, bloom'' || ''bloo''m, ''blo''ssom, [blood] || ''flo''s, ''fol''ium || φύλλον  
| 花 || *bhel- || ''flower, thrive, bloom'' || ''bloo''m, ''blo''ssom, [blood] || ''flo''s, ''fol''ium || φύλλον  
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| || *bhelgh- || ''to swell''
| || *bhelgh- || ''to swell''
|-
|-
| || *bhendh- || ''to bind''
| 繫 / 束 / 縛 || *bhendh- || ''to bind''
|-
|-
| || *bher- || ''to carry; also to bear children''
| || *bher- || ''to carry; also to bear children''
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| || *bherəg- || ''to shine; bright, white''
| || *bherəg- || ''to shine; bright, white''
|-
|-
| || *bhergh- || ''to hide, protect''
| 隱 || *bhergh- || ''to hide, protect''
|-
|-
| || *bhergh- || ''high; with derivatives referring to hills and hill-forts''
| 高 || *bhergh- || ''high; with derivatives referring to hills and hill-forts''
|-
|-
| || *bhes- || ''to breathe''
| || *bhes- || ''to breathe''
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| || *bheuə-, bheu || ''to be, exist, grow''
| || *bheuə-, bheu || ''to be, exist, grow''
|-
|-
| || *bheug- || ''to bend; with derivatives referring to bent, pliable, or curved objects''
| 彎 || *bheug- || ''to bend; with derivatives referring to bent, pliable, or curved objects''
|-
|-
| || *bhlē- || ''to blow''
| 吹 || *bhlē- || ''to blow''
|-
|-
| || *bhleu- || ''to swell, well up, overflow''
| 溢 || *bhleu- || ''to swell, well up, overflow''
|-
|-
| || *bhoso- || ''naked''
| 裸 || *bhoso- || ''naked''
|-
|-
| || *bhrāter- || ''brother, male agnate''
| 兄 / 弟 || *bhrāter- || ''brother, male agnate''
|-
|-
| || *bhreg- || ''to break''
| 斷 || *bhreg- || ''to break''
|-
|-
| || *bhreu-, bhreuə-, bhreəu- || ''to boil, bubble, effervesce, burn; with derivatives referring to cooking and brewing''
| 沸 || *bhreu-, bhreuə-, bhreəu- || ''to boil, bubble, effervesce, burn; with derivatives referring to cooking and brewing''
|-
|-
| || *bhrū- || ''eyebrow''
| 眉 || *bhrū- || ''eyebrow''
|-
|-
| || *dā- || ''to divide''
| 分 || *dā- || ''to divide''
|-
|-
| || *dail- || ''to divide''
| || *dail- || ''to divide''
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| || *de- || ''demonstrative stem, base of prepositions and adverbs''
| || *de- || ''demonstrative stem, base of prepositions and adverbs''
|-
|-
| || *deik- || ''to show, pronounce solemnly; also in derivatives referring to the directing of words or objects''
| 顯 / 宣 || *deik- || ''to show, pronounce solemnly; also in derivatives referring to the directing of words or objects''
|-
|-
| || *dek- || ''to take, accept''
| 納 || *dek- || ''to take, accept''
|-
|-
| 十 || *dekm || ''ten''
| 十 || *dekm || ''ten''
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| 右 || *deks- || ''right (opposite left); hence, south (from the viewpoint of one facing east)'' || || dex(ter) || δεξ(ιός)
| 右 || *deks- || ''right (opposite left); hence, south (from the viewpoint of one facing east)'' || || dex(ter) || δεξ(ιός)
|-
|-
| || *del- || ''long''
| 長 || *del- || ''long''
|-
|-
| || *del- || ''to recount, count''
| 計 / 數 || *del- || ''to recount, count''
|-
|-
| || *dem- || ''house, household''
| 戶 || *dem- || ''house, household''
|-
|-
| || *demə- || ''to constrain, force, especially to break in (horses)''
| || *demə- || ''to constrain, force, especially to break in (horses)''
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| || *der- || ''to split, peel, flay; with derivatives referring to skin and leather''
| || *der- || ''to split, peel, flay; with derivatives referring to skin and leather''
|-
|-
| || *derk- || ''to see''
| 視 || *derk- || ''to see''
|-
|-
| || *deru-, dreu- || ''to be firm, solid, steadfast; hence specialized senses "wood", tree" and derivatives referring to objects made of wood''
| 堅 / 木 || *deru-, dreu- || ''to be firm, solid, steadfast; hence specialized senses "wood", tree" and derivatives referring to objects made of wood''
|-
|-
| || *deu- || ''to lack, be wanting''
| 缺 || *deu- || ''to lack, be wanting''
|-
|-
| || *deu- || ''to do, perform, show favor, revere''
| || *deu- || ''to do, perform, show favor, revere''
|-
|-
| || *deuə-, dwaə || ''long (in duration)''
| 久 || *deuə-, dwaə || ''long (in duration)''
|-
|-
| || *deuk- || ''to lead''
| 領 || *deuk- || ''to lead''
|-
|-
| || *dhē- || ''to set, put''
| 置 || *dhē- || ''to set, put''
|-
|-
| || *dhegʷw- || ''to burn, warm''
| || *dhegʷw- || ''to burn, warm''
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| || *dhē(i)- || ''to suck''
| || *dhē(i)- || ''to suck''
|-
|-
| || *dheigh- || ''to form, build''
| 築 || *dheigh- || ''to form, build''
|-
|-
| || *dher- || ''to hold firmly, support''
| || *dher- || ''to hold firmly, support''
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| || *dhēs- || ''root of words in religious concepts''
| || *dhēs- || ''root of words in religious concepts''
|-
|-
| || *dheu- || ''to flow'' || dew
| 流 || *dheu- || ''to flow'' || dew
|-
|-
| || *dheu- || ''to die'' || dea(d), dea(th), die
| 死 / 亡 || *dheu- || ''to die'' || dea(d), dea(th), die
|-
|-
| || *dheub-, dheubh- || ''deep, hollow'' || deep
| || *dheub-, dheubh- || ''deep, hollow'' || deep

Revision as of 10:01, 3 October 2004

This is a project anyone can contribute to. Discuss changes on the talk page.

Hangraphy (maybe 漢抓?) is a system for representing Indo-European roots with Han characters (漢字, hanzi). After having done so, we can add a kind of okurigana for inflections and such and we have a readymade scheme to represent all Indo-European languages. Oversimplificated? You betcha.

For an example, we can take the numbers, which are pretty basic.

1 一 *oi-[no-] en: one, ru: один, la: unus, etc.
2 二 *dwo- en: two, es: dos, grc: δύο, ...
3 三 *tri- en: three, fr: trois, de: drei ...
4 四 *kʷetwor- en: four
5 五 *penkʷe en: five
6 六 *(s)(w)eḱs en: six
7 七 *septem en: seven
8 八 *oḱtō en: eight
9 九 *newn en: nine
10 十 *deḱm en: ten

Since words get borrowed about so much, some diverse words in a language may be spelled with the same zi, e.g. 一 goes in English words derived from "one", such as "alone" or "only", but it also goes in words of Latin origin such as "unique" or "union".

Of course some of these words inflect, so the Latin word for "one", for example, won't just be 一, but perhaps something like 一us, 一a, 一um.

Characters

IE Meaning English Latin Greek
至 *ad- to, near, at at ad
驅 *ag- to drive, draw, move ag(o), ag(ere), eg(i), ac(tus)
日 *agh- a day (considered as a span of time) day, daw(n) (d- is a bit suss)
田 *agro- field (probably derivative of *ag-) acre ager, agr(i)
擁 *aik- to be master of, possess ough(t), owe, ow(n)
*aim- copy aem(ulus); im(itor), im(itari), im(itatus)
欲 *ais- to wish, desire as(k)
壽 ? *aiw-, ayu- vital force, life, long life, eternity ? aev(um); ae(tas); ae(ternus) (→eon)
鋒 *ak- sharp egg (to egg on), ha(mmer)? ac(us); ac(er), ac(ris), ac(re)
水 *akʷ-ā- water is(land) aqu(a)
另/越 *al- beyond o(ther), el(se) il(le)?; ul(s), ul(tra); al(ter); al(ius) (→allo-)
育 *al- to grow, nourish ol(d), el(der) al(tus); al(mus); al(o), al(ere), al(ui), al(tus)
全 *al- all all, al(beit), al(ready), al(so), al(though), al(ways)
白 *albho- white elf? alb(us)
*alu- in words related to sorcery, magic, possession, and intoxication ale
圍 *ambhi, m̥bhi around (probably *ant-bhi, from both sides) ? amb(io); amb(ulo) (→amphi-)
*an- on on
吸 *anə- to breath ani(mus); ani(mal) (anemos)
緊 *angh- tight, painfully constricted, painful
鬼? *ansu- spirit, demon
前 *ant- front, forehead
離 *apo-, ap- off, away
*ar-, arə- to fit together
爍 *arg- to shine, white; the shining or white metal, silver
燃 ？ *as- to burn, glow
*at- to go; with germanic and latin derivatives meaning a year (conceived as "the period gone through, the revolving year")
火 *āter- fire
覺 *au- to perceive
增 *aug- to increase
耀 *aus- to shine
禽 / 鳥 / 隹 *awi- bird
伯 / 叔 / 舅 *awo- an adult male relative other than one's father
朝 *ayer- day, morning
銅 *ayes- a metal, copper or bronze
杖 *bak- staff used for support
強 *bel- strong
*bhā- to shine
曰 / 云 *bhā- to speak
*bha-bhā- broad bean
好 / 良 *bhad- good
*bhag- to share out, apportion, also to get a share
臂 *bhāgu- arm
*bhāgo- beech tree
鬚 *bhardh-ā- beard
麥 *bhares-, bhars- barley
擊 *bhau- to strike
奔 *bhegʷ- to run
蜂 *bhei- a bee
*bheid- to split; with Germanic derivatives referring to biting (hence also to eating and to

hunting) and woodworking

信 *bheidh- to trust, confide, persuade
*bhel- to shine, flash, burn; shining white and various bright colors
脹 *bhel- to blow, swell; with derivatives referring to various round objects and to the notion of tumescent masculinity
花 *bhel- flower, thrive, bloom bloom, blossom, [blood] flos, folium φύλλον
*bhelgh- to swell
繫 / 束 / 縛 *bhendh- to bind
*bher- to carry; also to bear children
*bher- bright, brown
*bherəg- to shine; bright, white
隱 *bhergh- to hide, protect
高 *bhergh- high; with derivatives referring to hills and hill-forts
*bhes- to breathe
*bheudh- to be aware, to make aware
*bheuə-, bheu to be, exist, grow
彎 *bheug- to bend; with derivatives referring to bent, pliable, or curved objects
吹 *bhlē- to blow
溢 *bhleu- to swell, well up, overflow
裸 *bhoso- naked
兄 / 弟 *bhrāter- brother, male agnate
斷 *bhreg- to break
沸 *bhreu-, bhreuə-, bhreəu- to boil, bubble, effervesce, burn; with derivatives referring to cooking and brewing
眉 *bhrū- eyebrow
分 *dā- to divide
*dail- to divide
*daiwer- husband's brother
涙 *dakru- tear lacri(ma) δάκρυ(ον)
*de- demonstrative stem, base of prepositions and adverbs
顯 / 宣 *deik- to show, pronounce solemnly; also in derivatives referring to the directing of words or objects
納 *dek- to take, accept
十 *dekm ten
右 *deks- right (opposite left); hence, south (from the viewpoint of one facing east) dex(ter) δεξ(ιός)
長 *del- long
計 / 數 *del- to recount, count
戶 *dem- house, household
*demə- to constrain, force, especially to break in (horses)
歯 *dent- tooth
*der- to split, peel, flay; with derivatives referring to skin and leather
視 *derk- to see
堅 / 木 *deru-, dreu- to be firm, solid, steadfast; hence specialized senses "wood", tree" and derivatives referring to objects made of wood
缺 *deu- to lack, be wanting
*deu- to do, perform, show favor, revere
久 *deuə-, dwaə long (in duration)
領 *deuk- to lead
置 *dhē- to set, put
*dhegʷw- to burn, warm
*dhē(i)- to suck
築 *dheigh- to form, build
*dher- to hold firmly, support
*dhers- to venture, be bold
*dhēs- root of words in religious concepts
流 *dheu- to flow dew
死 / 亡 *dheu- to die dea(d), dea(th), die
*dheub-, dheubh- deep, hollow deep
*dheuə- to close, finish, come full circle (probably related to *dheu-, to die) tow(n) fu(nus)
*dheugh- to produce something of utility ? (teukhos)
*dhghem- earth ? hum(us); hom(o), hom(inis) (khthon)
*dhgh(y)es- yesterday yes(terday)
*dhīgʷ- to stick, fix dig? fig(o), fig(ere), fixi=fic(si), fixus=fic(sus); fi(bula)
*dhreg- to draw, glide drink, drench, drow(n)
*dreibh- to drive, push; snow drive, drove
*dhreu- to fall, flow, drip, droop drea(ry), dro(p), droo(p) (thruptein)
娘 *dhugəter- daughter
*dhwer- door, doorway (usually plural) door for(as); for(is); for(um) (thura)
*dlegh- to engage oneself play maybe (in)dulg(eo)
舌 *dn̥ghū- tongue tongue lingu(a)
*dō- to give d(o), d(are), de-d(i), d(atus) (didonai, dosis, doron)
*dus- bad, evil, mis- (derivative of *deu-, to lack) (→dys-)
*dwo- two two, twe(lve), twe(lfth) du(o), bi(s), bi(ni) (duo)
*dyeu- to shine (and in many derivatives "sky, heaven, god") Tue(sday) di(es); de(us); div(us); di(s), di(tis); div(es), div(itis); Iup(piter), Iov(is); Iu(lius) (Zeus, delos)
食 *ed- to eat (original meaning "to bite") eat ed(o), ed(ere), ed(i), ed(itus); (pran)d(ium) first meal
居 *es- to be a(m), is; ye(s) es(se), s(um), es, es(t), s(umus), es(tis), s(unt) (einai)
来 *gʷā-, gʷem- to go, to come come, (wel)come, (be)come ven(ire) (bainein)
貝 *ko(n)kho- shell[fish] – coc(h)lea κόγχος, κόχλος
火 *peH2wr fire fire — πῦρ, pyro-
矯 (王?) *reg- to move in a straight line, with derivatives meaning to direct in a straight line, lead, rule righ(t)=矯了; rake (also rajah, maharajah from Sanskrit) reg(o), reg(ere), rexi=rec(si), rec(tus)=矯了us; rex=rec(s); reg(ula); rog(o), rog(are), rog(are), rog(avi), rog(atus)=矯了us Homograph Alert! (oregein)
音 *swen- to make sound [swan] sono, sonare; sonus=音us —
下 *upo- down, below, under up [!] sub ὑπό, hypo-
見 *weid- to see wit, wi(se)=見了 vid(eo), vid(ere), vid(i), vi(sus)
勝 *weik- to fight, conquer vinc(o), vinc(ere), vic(i), vic(tus)=勝了us
IE English Latin Greek German Japanese
誕 (生?) *seuH- [give birth] so(n) Soh(n) たん(じょう)
飲 *peH₃(i)- [drink] po(tus), bi-b(o) πόσ(ις), πί(νω) の(む)
耳 *H₂eus- ear aur(is) οὖς Ohr みみ
目 *okʷ- eye oc(ulus) Auge め
父 *pH₂ter- father pater, patr(is) Vater ちち
魚 *peisk- fish pisc(is) Fisch さかな
制,法? *yewes- [law] ius, iur(is), ius(tus)
地 *lendh- land Land ち
男 *wiH-ro (or *Hner-?) [male] (were-) vir ひと
女 *gʷenH- [female] (queen) γυνή おんな
中 *medhi- mid, midd(le) medi(us) なか
母 *maH₂ter- mother mater, matr(is) μήτηρ Mutter はは
鼠 *mūs- mouse mus, mur(is) μυς Maus ねずみ
雪 *sneigʷh- snow nix=nic(s), niv(is) *νίψ (νίφα) Schnee ゆき
水 *akʷa- [water] is(land) aqu(a) みず
湿 *wed- wat(er), wet, wint(er), hyd(ro)- und(a) hud(ōr) Wass(er) しめ(る)
冬 *ghei-/*ghiems [winter] hiem(s), hiem(is) ふゆ
風 *H₂weH₁-(nt)- wind vent(us) かぜ
狼 *wlkʷ- wolf lup(us) λύκ(ος) Wolf おおかみ
狐 *wlp-e:- [fox] vulp(es) ἀλώπηξ きつね
牛 *gʷou- cow bo(s, -vis) βοῦς Kuh うし
古, 老, 高 *al-(t-) old, (eld) alt(us) ふる(い), お[い(る)], たか(い)
蜜 *melit- [honey] (mildew) mel (mulsus) μέλι みつ
雨　 *reg- rain rig(are) regen あめ
丸　 *wel- [round] vol(vere) ἕλ(ιξ) まる（い）
王 *reg- [king, rule, right] right rex, reg(num), reg(ula) Reich おう

English Words

男狼 werewolf *wiro-wl̥kʷo
男育了 world *wiro-al²-to

Latin Words

飲飲o, 飲飲re, 飲飲i, 飲飲了us bibo, bibere, bibi, bibitus
食ibilis edibilis
父icius patricius
魚ina piscina
飲io potio
飲to, 飲tare, 飲tavi, 飲tatus poto, potare, potavi, potatus
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