Proto-Uralic/P: Difference between revisions
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! *-pp- | ! *-pp- | ||
| *č/ćappa- "to chop", *säppä "gall", *śeppä "skilled"<!--#ta/uppa- "to stomp"; FP *räppä "smoke hole"; FMo *käppä "paw", *tuppa- "to fill"--> | | *č/ćappa- "to chop", *säppä "gall", *śeppä "skilled"<!--*kuppa "boil", #ta/uppa- "to stomp"; FP *räppä "smoke hole"; FV *čappa "sour", *koppala "grouse hen"; FMo *käppä "paw", *tuppa- "to fill"--> | ||
| *ëppə "father-in-law", *woppə- "to learn"<!--FS *tüppə- "to be engulfed"--> | | *ëppə "father-in-law", *lappə "flat", *woppə- "to learn"<!--FV *koppə "mold"; FS *tüppə- "to be engulfed"--> | ||
| *ćuppɜ "top", *läppɜ " | | *ćuppɜ "top", *läppɜ "cover"<!--#läppɜd₁ɜ "spleen"; FMs *kBppɜ "swimbladder"; CH *ćippɜ- "to pinch"; MaH *čappɜ "pale"; PH *šAppɜ- "to dry"; FV *luppɜ "lichen"; WU *kuppɜ "cup"--> | ||
| 3 : 3 = 1 | |||
|- | |- | ||
! *-p- | ! *-p- | ||
| *čupa "thin", *kopa "skin", *śepä "neck"<!--PEU *apa "older sis"; FP *repä ~ H ravas "fox" ← II--> | | *čupa "thin", *kopa "skin", *lapa "blade", *śepä "neck"<!--PEU *apa "older sis"; FP *repä ~ H ravas "fox" ← II--> | ||
| *jepəkä "owl" | | *jepəkä "owl" | ||
| *kepɜ "light"<!--FP *kipɜ "spark"--> | |||
| 4 : 1 = 4 | |||
|- | |- | ||
! *-w- | ! *-w- | ||
| *uwa "flow", *üwä "belt", *lüwä- "to | | *uwa "flow", *üwä "belt", *lüwä- "to shoot", #nïwa- "to dehair" (?), *powa- "to blow", *puwa- "to strangle" (?), *tiwä "deep"<!--SKh *läwä "youngster"?--> | ||
| *kiwə "stone", *lë/owə "bone", *sewə- "to eat", *śawə "clay", *śowə "mouth"<!--FV *lowə "gap"; FMo *tewə "work"; FS *repə- "to tear"--> | | *kiwə "stone", *lë/owə "bone", *sewə- "to eat", *śawə "clay", *śowə "mouth"<!--FV *lowə "gap"; FMo *tewə "work"; FS *repə- "to tear"--> | ||
| *tä(w)wɜ "lung" (?) | | *tä(w)wɜ "lung" (?)<!--WU *śAwɜ "smoke"--> | ||
| 5+2 : 5 ≈ 1 | |||
|- | |- | ||
! *-tt- | ! *-tt- | ||
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! *-x- | ! *-x- | ||
| - | | - | ||
| #jëxə- "to drink", *mexə- "to sell", *mëxə "earth", *kixə- "to rut", *saxə- "to receive", *suxə- "to row", *śixələ "hedgehog", *toxə- "to bring", *wexə- "to take (to)", *wixə- "to take (from)"<!--PEU *toxə "lake"; Ug *jüɣ- "to come"; FP *šokə- "to say"--> | | #jëxə- "to drink", *mexə- "to sell", *mëxə "earth", *kixə- "to rut", #poxə (-w-?) "wood", *saxə- "to receive", *suxə- "to row", *śixələ "hedgehog", *toxə- "to bring", *wexə- "to take (to)", *wixə- "to take (from)"<!--PEU *toxə "lake"; Ug *jüɣ- "to come"; FP *šokə- "to say"--> | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 18:06, 8 May 2014
| A-stems | ə-stems | Unclear | Ratio | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *-pp- | *č/ćappa- "to chop", *säppä "gall", *śeppä "skilled" | *ëppə "father-in-law", *lappə "flat", *woppə- "to learn" | *ćuppɜ "top", *läppɜ "cover" | 3 : 3 = 1 |
| *-p- | *čupa "thin", *kopa "skin", *lapa "blade", *śepä "neck" | *jepəkä "owl" | *kepɜ "light" | 4 : 1 = 4 |
| *-w- | *uwa "flow", *üwä "belt", *lüwä- "to shoot", #nïwa- "to dehair" (?), *powa- "to blow", *puwa- "to strangle" (?), *tiwä "deep" | *kiwə "stone", *lë/owə "bone", *sewə- "to eat", *śawə "clay", *śowə "mouth" | *tä(w)wɜ "lung" (?) | 5+2 : 5 ≈ 1 |
| *-tt- | *wo/ëtta- "to take" (?) | #kowɜttə "6" | ||
| *-t- | *itä- "to appear", *kota "hut" (← IE), *pata "pot", *śa/ëta "100" (← IE), *we/ätä- "to pull"(← IE) | *kätə "hand", *wetə "water" | #nato "sib-in-law" | |
| *-d₁- | *śad₁a- "to rain" | *ad₁ə- "to sleep", *ed₁ə "front", *nüd₁ə "handle", *pid₁ə "long", *wid₁ə- "to kill" | *küd₁ɜ "middle", *küd₁ɜ "bro-in-law", #pad₁o "dam, wall", #wid₁ɜm "marrow" | |
| *-kk- | *d₂okka- "to push" (?), *lakka "roof", *lükkä- "to push", *pakka- "to burst" | *ćo/ukkə "top", *ra/ëkkɜ- "to bild" (?) | ||
| *-k- | *eKä "uncle", *čäKä- "to put on", *čoka "shallow", *jekä "age" (← IE), *jëka- "to divide", #lïka- "to wash", *luka "10", *muka "back", *śekä "catfish", *taka "behind" | *kokə- "to find", *lukə- "to read", *näkə- "to see", *nükə- "to tear", *tekə- "to do", *wäkə "power" | *juka~*jukə~*jokə "river" | |
| *-x- | - | #jëxə- "to drink", *mexə- "to sell", *mëxə "earth", *kixə- "to rut", #poxə (-w-?) "wood", *saxə- "to receive", *suxə- "to row", *śixələ "hedgehog", *toxə- "to bring", *wexə- "to take (to)", *wixə- "to take (from)" |
