ʾAšdu Yat-Vṛḵaž

Vrkhazhi (YŠKK YT-VṚḴẔKM Yaškik Yat-Vṛḵaẕīkam) is a Northern Hašakaṃ language of the Athimošiye language family. The earliest form of this language, Ancient Vrkhazhi was spoken around 10 000 years ago.

Phonology

Vowels

Normal Vowel Phonemes

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i	ɨ	u
Close-mid	e		o
Mid		ə
Open-mid	ɛ		ɔ
Open	a

Long Vowel Phonemes

	Front	Back
Close	iː	uː
Close-mid	eː	oː
Open	aː

Orthography of Vowel Phonemes

IPA	Letter	Example
Monopthongs
a	a	bra,father, cot, bad
ɛ	e	bet
e	ē	bay, face
ɔ	o	or, for, cot
o	ō	road
ə	ë	under
u	ū	zoo
ɨ	i	roses
i	ī	bee

Followed by an R...

IPA	letters	Example
iər	īr	ear, fear
eər	ēr	air, fair
ɔər	or	for, pour

Consonants

Consonant Phonemes

		Bilabial	Alveolar	(Alveolo)- Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	Normal	m [m]	n [n]
	Pre-aspirated		hn [ʰn]
Stop	Normal	p [p] b [b]	t [t] d [d]		k [k] g [g]	q [q]	ʾ [ʔ]
	Pre-aspirated	hp [ʰp]	ht [ʰt]		hk [ʰk]	hq [ʰq]
	Emphatic	ṗ [pʶ] ḅ [bʶ]	ṭ [tʶ] ḍ [dʶ]
Affricate			ḏ [ʦ]	č [ʧ~ʨ] j [ʤ~ʥ]
Fricative		f [ɸ] v [β]	s [s] z [z]	š [ʃ~ɕ] ẕ [ʒ~ʑ]	ḵ [x] ğ [ɣ]	ḫ [χ]	h [h]
Approximant			r [ɹ~ɾ]	y [j]	w [w]
Trill			rr [r]			ṟ [ʀ]
Lateral Approximant			l [l]
Lateral Fricative			ḻ [ɬ~ɬʲ]

Orthography of Consonant Phonemes

Letter	Phoneme	Example (in English)
ʾ	ʔ	uh-oh
Ḵ ḵ	x	Scottish loch
V v	β	vet
H h	h	hall
D d	d	dog
Ḏ ḏ	ʦ	beds or bets
B b	b	ball
S s	s	sun
Ẕ ẕ	ʒ	pleasure
Y y	j	yes
K k	k	kick
G g	g	game
L l	l	lose
M m	m	mall
N n	n	no
Ğ ğ	ɣ	like /x/ but voiced
P p	p	ball
J j	ʤ	judge
R r	ɹ~ɾ	run
Rr rr	r	trilled /ɹ/
F f	ɸ	fun
Š š	ʃ	shun
W w	w	water
T t	t	tall
Č č	ʧ	cheese
Z z	z	zoo
Ḻ ḻ	ɬ	no English equivalent
Ḫ ḫ	χ	no English equivalent
Q q	q	no English equivalent
Ṟ ṟ	ʀ	French trois
Ṛ ṛ	r̩~ɹ̩	ladder