Proto-Uralic/I: Difference between revisions

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Line 28: Line 28:
| "tooth, flint"
| "tooth, flint"
| *pii || - || pej || *püj || *piń || '''fog''' || *päŋk || *pööŋk || ''*pəj''
| *pii || - || pej || *püj || *piń || '''fog''' || *päŋk || *pööŋk || ''*pəj''
| S. *pānē probly unrelated. Smy. cf. *suŋə → *təŋ
| S. *pānē probly unrelated. Smy. cf. *suŋə > *təŋ
|-
|-
| "mouse"
| "mouse"
Line 35: Line 35:
| "hedgehog"
| "hedgehog"
| *siili || - || *śejəĺ || Hi. šülə ~<br/>Me. '''šulo''' || - || †sül || '''"soule"''' || - || -
| *siili || - || *śejəĺ || Hi. šülə ~<br/>Me. '''šulo''' || - || †sül || '''"soule"''' || - || -
| *śixələ, ix → iw → ü in H?
| *śixələ, ix > iw > ü in H?
|-
|-
| "ceiling space"
| "ceiling space"
Line 45: Line 45:
| "to kill"
| "to kill"
| - || <span style="color:green">*fɤðō-</span><br/>"to beat" || - || - || *vijɨ- || öl- || *äl- || *weeL- ||
| - || <span style="color:green">*fɤðō-</span><br/>"to beat" || - || - || *vijɨ- || öl- || *äl- || *weeL- ||
| H+Ms *wi- → *ü-. S. *vɤlē- "jump" to be excluded.
| H+Ms *wi- > *ü-. S. *vɤlē- "jump" to be excluded.
|-
|-
| "to scrape"
| "to scrape"
Line 53: Line 53:
| *pilvi || *pɤlvɤ || peĺ || *pəl<!--@~7--> || *piĺ- || felhöö || - || style="color:red"| ''*peLəŋ'' || -
| *pilvi || *pɤlvɤ || peĺ || *pəl<!--@~7--> || *piĺ- || felhöö || - || style="color:red"| ''*peLəŋ'' || -
| Kh. *e / _CC?
| Kh. *e / _CC?
|-
| "connecting river"
| - || - || - || - || *vis(k-) || *äɣt || - || - || -
| StUE4. Ms *wi- > *ü-.
|-
|-
| "tongs"
| "tongs"
Line 59: Line 63:
| "new"
| "new"
| *nükü || - || Er. ńej<br/>~ Mk. ni || - || *ni || - || - || - || -
| *nükü || - || Er. ńej<br/>~ Mk. ni || - || *ni || - || - || - || -
| i-ü → ü-ü in F.
| *i-ü > *ü-ü in F.
|-
|-
| "to stay"
| "to stay"
| *püsü- || - || *pezə- || '''pižä-''' || - || - || - || - || -
| *püsü- || - || *pezə- || '''pižä-''' || - || - || - || - || -
| i-ü → ü-ü in F.
| *i-ü > *ü-ü in F.
|-
|-
| ""
| ""
Line 78: Line 82:
| "5"
| "5"
| style="color:red"| *viici || style="color:red"| *vītɤ || *veťɜ ||style="color:red"| *vəəć || *vit || öt || *ät || *weet || '''*wüt'''
| style="color:red"| *viici || style="color:red"| *vītɤ || *veťɜ ||style="color:red"| *vəəć || *vit || öt || *ät || *weet || '''*wüt'''
| H+Ms *wi- → *ü-. FS *wiiti.
| H+Ms *wi- > *ü-. FS *wiiti.
|-
|-
| "gadfly"
| "gadfly"
Line 85: Line 89:
| "to pull"
| "to pull"
| - || - || - || - || - || ńer- || *ńär-əmt- || *ńeer- || -
| - || - || - || - || - || ńer- || *ńär-əmt- || *ńeer- || -
| CMs *ńä- → *ńi-
| CMs *ńä- > *ńi-
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| with Samic *ī
! colspan="10"| with Samic *ī
|-
| "to soften"
| - || *tīnɤ- || - || - || - || - || *tim-<br/>*tintəl- || *tentəL- || -
| StUE4
|-
|-
| "coal"
| "coal"
| - || čīnɤ || - || - || - || seen<br/>~ sene- || - || - || -
| - || *čīnɤ || - || - || - || seen<br/>~ sene- || - || - || -
| Or H. ← *ćänä "tinder"
| Or H. < *ćänä "tinder"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| Std. PU *i_a (*i_ä) → similar except P ??
! colspan="10"| Std. PU *i_a (*i_ä) > similar except P ??
|-
|-
| "eye"
| "eye"
Line 114: Line 122:
| "deep; calm"
| "deep; calm"
| *tüveni || *tɤvē || - || *tüɣə || - || - || *täwənt || *teeɣən || -
| *tüveni || *tɤvē || - || *tüɣə || - || - || *täwənt || *teeɣən || -
| F. *i → ü / _wä. Also: <font color="red">*süvä</font>?
| F. *i > ü / _wä. Also: <font color="red">*süvä</font>?
|-
|-
| "knife"
| "knife"
Line 122: Line 130:
| - || - || - ||style="color:red"| Hi tɤrke || - || - || *tärəɣ || N. teexər || -
| - || - || - ||style="color:red"| Hi tɤrke || - || - || *tärəɣ || N. teexər || -
| OU metathesis discrepancy. *tirKə-ka?!
| OU metathesis discrepancy. *tirKə-ka?!
|-
| "to hit"
| - || - || *keŕV- || *kĭre- || *köral- || - || Tv kär- || - || -
|-
|-
| "sky"
| "sky"
| - || - || *meńəĺ || - || - || mëńń || - || - || -
| - || - || *meńəĺ || - || - || mëńń || - || - || -
| *ê_ə possible. H. *ńl → ńń
| *ê_ə possible. H. *ńl > ńń
|-
|-
| "crowd"
| "crowd"
Line 164: Line 175:
| "office, position"
| "office, position"
| *virka || *vīrkē || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *virka || *vīrkē || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| ← Gmc. *wirkja-; F. *virka "sign" ← B. *virge-. Nen. ẃārkā (← *wärkä) "to lasso" doesn't belong
| ← Gmc. *wirkja-; F. *virka "sign" ← B. *virge-. Nen. ẃārkā (< *wärkä) "to lasso" doesn't belong
|-
|-
| "good"
| "good"
Line 180: Line 191:
| "sand"
| "sand"
| *liiva || - || - || - || U. luo ~ K. lɨva || - || - ||style="color:green"| *ɭowi || -
| *liiva || - || - || - || U. luo ~ K. lɨva || - || - ||style="color:green"| *ɭowi || -
| B → F → P → Kh
| B ^ F → P → Kh
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| Samic *ī_ē
! colspan="10"| Samic *ī_ē
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| "breast"
| "breast"
| *nisä || *ńīńčē || || || || || || || *ńimsä-
| *nisä || *ńīńčē || || || || || || || *ńimsä-
| *ńimə-śä? S. *i → *ī also before palatals? (not in *mińa)
| *ńimə-śä? S. *i > *ī also before palatals? (not in *mińa)
|-
|-
| "inside; breast"
| "inside; breast"
Line 198: Line 209:
| "to let go"
| "to let go"
| - || *tīptē- || tuvto- || - || - || - || - || - || -
| - || *tīptē- || tuvto- || - || - || - || - || - || -
| cf. *tejə ??
|-
|-
| "sno, frost"
| "sno, frost"

Revision as of 18:15, 26 March 2015

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
*i_ə = std. PU *i_i (F *i_i, S *ɤ_ɤ, Mo *e, P *i, Ms *ä, Kh *ee, Smy *i) old cases mostly *CVCV(CV)?
"to suck" *ime- ńɤmɤ- - - K. ńim- ëm- - *eem- *ńim-, *əm- Two variants *imə-, *ńimə-
"stone" *kivi - kev *küj U. kɤ ~ K. ki köö
~ köve-		 *käw *kööɣ -
"year ring" *süü *sēvɤ - *šɪja *si - *täw - *tiə *siwə?
"name" *nimi *nɤmɤ *ĺem *lʏm *ńim neev
~ neve-		 *näm *neem *nim Cf. IE; PBS *inmen-
"long" *pit-kä - - - - fël-, föl- *pälit *peL- *pir-
"tooth, flint" *pii - pej *püj *piń fog *päŋk *pööŋk *pəj S. *pānē probly unrelated. Smy. cf. *suŋə > *təŋ
"mouse" *hiiri - *šeŋəŕ - *šɨr egeer
~ egere-		 *täŋkər *ɬööŋkər -
"hedgehog" *siili - *śejəĺ Hi. šülə ~
Me. šulo		 - †sül "soule" - - *śixələ, ix > iw > ü in H?
"ceiling space" *sii- - - - *śig - - *siiŋ *seŋ
"last" *vii- - - - - veeg - - -
"to kill" - *fɤðō-
"to beat"		 - - *vijɨ- öl- *äl- *weeL- H+Ms *wi- > *ü-. S. *vɤlē- "jump" to be excluded.
"to scrape" - - - - *ńir- ńiir- - - Ne. ńira-
"cloud" *pilvi *pɤlvɤ peĺ *pəl *piĺ- felhöö - *peLəŋ - Kh. *e / _CC?
"connecting river" - - - - *vis(k-) *äɣt - - - StUE4. Ms *wi- > *ü-.
"tongs" *pihti *pɤstɤ peš - K. peš - - - -
"new" *nükü - Er. ńej
~ Mk. ni		 - *ni - - - - *i-ü > *ü-ü in F.
"to stay" *püsü- - *pezə- pižä- - - - - - *i-ü > *ü-ü in F.
""
"visible" *ilmi *ɤlmɤ - - - - - - - ← *ilma
"wonder" *imeh *ɤmɤs - - - - - - - ← B?
"5" *viici *vītɤ *veťɜ *vəəć *vit öt *ät *weet *wüt H+Ms *wi- > *ü-. FS *wiiti.
"gadfly" - - - - - - *päləm *peeLəm #pil-
"to pull" - - - - - ńer- *ńär-əmt- *ńeer- - CMs *ńä- > *ńi-
with Samic *ī
"to soften" - *tīnɤ- - - - - *tim-
*tintəl-		 *tentəL- - StUE4
"coal" - *čīnɤ - - - seen
~ sene-		 - - - Or H. < *ćänä "tinder"
Std. PU *i_a (*i_ä) > similar except P ??
"eye" *silmä *čɤlmē *śeĺmɜ *s/šinzä *śin(m-) sëm *šäm *seem *səjmä
"father; big" *isä *ɤčē Mk. oćä *ɪźa - öös *äć - *äjsä Contam. of *äjjä + *iśä in Smy? Mk from oću "big" < *ićäw (cf. F. *isoi)?
"to appear" *itä- *ɤcé- - - - - *ätər- *eet- *ətä- Cf. IE *ǵīd-
"(to) smell" - ɤpsē- Mk opəś *üpš K. isk- iiz- *ät- *eepəL *əptə-
"to cover" *pint-eh - - - *pod fëd- *pänt- *peent- -
"deep; calm" *tüveni *tɤvē - *tüɣə - - *täwənt *teeɣən - F. *i > ü / _wä. Also: *süvä?
"knife" - - - kʏźə - keeš *käšV *kööčəɣ -
"fir; pine" - - - Hi tɤrke - - *tärəɣ N. teexər - OU metathesis discrepancy. *tirKə-ka?!
"to hit" - - *keŕV- *kĭre- *köral- - Tv kär- - -
"sky" - - *meńəĺ - - mëńń - - - *ê_ə possible. H. *ńl > ńń
"crowd" - *vɤlvē *veĺɜ *-wəlä - - - - -
"slanted" *vino *vɤńē Er veńaža - - - - - -
"gap" - - - *wiš *vis - - - -
"trap" *rita *rɤtē - *lüðe K. *ri - - - -
"to stick" *pistä- *pɤstē- - Hi. pište- ~ Me. pɤšte- - - - - - *pis-tä-, cf. "to stay"
"more, to add" *lisä *lɤsē *ĺezɜ - - - - - -
"rowan" *pihlaka - *piźəl *pɪzlə U. paledź
~ K. pelɨź		 - *päćər *pećər -
""
Loans (NB Mo. *i-a > *ə-a > *∅-a!)
"place" *sija *sɤjē - - - - - - - ← Gmc *stīja-
"" *hiici *sijtɤ - - - - - - (Sk *tiitə) ← Gmc *sīdōn
"office, position" *virka *vīrkē - - - - - - - ← Gmc. *wirkja-; F. *virka "sign" ← B. *virge-. Nen. ẃārkā (< *wärkä) "to lasso" doesn't belong
"good" *hüvä *sɤvē - - - - - - - ← Ir *šiva. Mo *čiva independantly. MaPH šuŋɜ "healthy" = different
"belt" *hihna - *kšna *šʏštə - - - - - ← B. *šikšna
"wax" - - *kšta *šištə U śuś ~ K śiś - - - - ← II
"sand" *liiva - - - U. luo ~ K. lɨva - - *ɭowi - B ^ F → P → Kh
Samic *ī_ē
"breast" *nisä *ńīńčē *ńimsä- *ńimə-śä? S. *i > *ī also before palatals? (not in *mińa)
"inside; breast" *sisä- *čīńčē *seźəm *ćɪźə - sü(ü)ɟ;
čëč		 N śiś E ťuťi *sünsə Cf. the previous
"little bird" - *cīcē- - - K. džɨdž - - *čii₂nč *sinsä- Onomatopoetic?
"to let go" - *tīptē- tuvto- - - - - - - cf. *tejə ??
"sno, frost" - *rīnē - *rün - - - - -
"grandmother" - *īmē - - - - - *ii₁mə #imä
"to run, jump" - - - - - üüz- *it(ɣəl-) *ii₁t- -
""
""
Permic e ~ o
"daughter-in-law" *miniä *mɤńē - - U. -meń ~ K. mooń mëń *mäń *meeń *mäńä
"to rut" *kej-ma, *kii-ma *kīkɤ- - - U. kemdžɨ- ~ K. koj kej-, höö *käj- *kööj- - *kixi ? S. *kēj-mē- ← F.
"to rip" *kisko- *kɤškó- Er. śkiŕa- ~ Mk. kəśkəŕa- - U. keś- ~ K. koś- kiisaal- E *küštəl- *kös- - OU *ü? H. also köszvény "gout". Cf. *kïčkə-
Permic *ɨ
"to press" - - *ičə-
"knead"		 *jɪše- *ɨčkɨ- - - W *iiš- - better *Ečə-?
"threshing
ground" 		*riihi - - - U. inšɨr ~ K. rɨnɨš - - - - E. rehi. Gmc (Riege etc) ← F.
"thick; big" - - *ečkɜ - K. *ɨdžɨt - - - -
"all" - - - *ćɪlä *ćɨl- - - - - maybe *ü?
Messy stuff
"son-in-law" *vävvü *vīvɤ ov Hi. wiŋgə ~ Me. weŋə - vöö - *wööŋ *wiŋə Analogy in F from *kälü "daughter-in-law", loaned to S before that?
"knee ~ elbow" - - - - *pidźəs - *päs - -
"frost" - *pīcē - *pöršə *puuž - - *paačəm -
"to tear" - *ńɤckē- - - K. ńečkɨ- ńeš- - E ńeć-
""
"dark" *pim-eða - - - *peĺmɨt - - - *pəjmətä *-ðʲm- ? cf. Smy. #pij "dark"
"to unhair" - *nɤvē- ńeveĺe/ila- - - - nä/oɣt- *ɳaaw- *nïŋkə- F. nivo- ← S.
"to sho" Es. viisA- - - - U. vodź- ~ K. vidź- viɟaaz- - - - Cf. Gmc?
"slanted" *vita - vaša- Hi. wočɤk ~ Me. wažɤk U vož ~ K *veež - - - - P. "intersection"
"to tear" *riicu- *rīččō- - - *reź- - - - -
"narro" - - ťäj- - - - - - #täj- Better *ä
"decking" - - - - K. tis(k)a - - - Ne. ćet ~ Ka. tɤɤʔ
"grave" - - - *šüɣer - šiir - - -
"to run; to hurry" - - čije- - - šiet- *ćüw-, *śiɣ- - - source for Ms??
"smell" - *cīvnɤ čijńe - - - - - - *čixi-ni?
"to shine" - - - - - šüt- šit- - -
"sleigh belt" - *čɤnɤ - - - - - - Ne. śään ← IE?
"hill" E. süŋk - - *šʏŋɣä - šeg *ćääŋk(ʷ) *ćooŋk S *čoaŋkē "tuber" cf. F. *soŋka
"fang" - *čɤlā- ćilä - - - - - -
"sap" - - - - *li - - - Kam. "lêji"
"to moov" *liikku- - - - - - *luk-, *läkʷ- *ɬok- *ləkə-
"to press" *liccat- - - *ləźərte- ~ "JU" lazerte- K. ĺićkɨ-
"scoop; board" *lippVj - Er. ĺipuža
~ Mk. ĺebža		 - - - - - -
"fire" - - - - - tüüz *tääwət *töɣət - ? *tiwätə, or *ü with SMs irregular?
"sweet" *imelä N amiidi - - *juumol - - - - F better ← "to suck"
"yarn" - - - *šʏrtə *šort - - - - Or *ü
"peg" - *cɤŋkē - - U čog ~
K čegɤs		 čegeĺ - - - Or S ~ *tüŋkä
"gums" *igen - - - *aŋ iiń - - -
"quiver" - - - - - tëgëz *täwət *tii₁ɣət - Possibly *-ŋ-.
"doe; mother" - - - - - üsöö - *ees -
"evening" *ilta - Mk. iĺä - - - - W *iiLaaj -
"son" - - - *iɣə - - - N. jiix (!) Sk. ii
""
""
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