Ugric/vocab: Difference between revisions

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(š s t)
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|-
|-
! Word !! [[Hungarian]] !! SMs !! WMs !! EMs !! NMs !! EKh !! SKh !! NKh !! Notes
! Word !! [[Hungarian]] !! SMs !! WMs !! EMs !! NMs !! EKh !! SKh !! NKh !! Notes
|-
| "branch"
| ''ág'' || taw || *taɣ || *tåɣ || tow || *ɬaɣʷɯɯ || tawə || *Lowə
| Note ''g'' ~ *w. (Fi. ''hanka'' ← Gmc)
|-
|-
| "to stick into"
| "to stick into"
Line 152: Line 148:
| ''fér'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ''fér'' || || || || || - || - || -
| ??
| ??
|-
| "to catch"
| ''fog'' || pow- || puw- || pʊw- || puw- || - || - || -
| Note ''g'' ~ *w.
|-
|-
| "eye of needle, backside"
| "eye of needle, backside"
Line 372: Line 364:
| ""
| ""
| ''nyer'' || || || || || || ||
| ''nyer'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| "saddle"
| ''nyerëg'' || || || || || || ||
|-
|-
| "8"
| "8"
Line 411: Line 400:
| ""
| ""
| ''rúg'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
| ''rúg'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''sajtó'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''-sÁg'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| ""
| ''sellő'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| ""
| ''sötét'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''süpped'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| ""
| ''süt'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| ""
| ''száguld'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''szalu'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''szár'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''szédül'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''szëg'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| ""
| ''szél'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''szik'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| "word"
| ''szó'' || || || || || || ||
| ← Turkic
|-
| ""
| ''szorgalom'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''szőke'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''szőr'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| ""
| ''szül'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| ""
| ''táj'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''tál'' || || || || || - || - || -
|-
| ""
| ''táltos'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''tëgëz'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''tekint'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
|-
| "place"
| ''tér'' || - || - || - || - || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''téved'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''tidó'' || || || || || || ||
|-
| ""
| ''torok'' || || || || || || ||
|-
|-
| "fire"
| "fire"
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| ""
| ""
| '''' || || || || || || ||
| '''' || || || || || || ||
|-
! colspan="9"| Cases with ''g'' ~ *ɣ
|-
| "branch"
| ''ág'' || taw || *taɣ || *tåɣ || tow || *ɬaɣʷɯɯ || tawə || *Lowə
| (Fi. ''hanka'' ← Gmc)
|-
| "to catch"
| ''fog'' || pow- || puw- || pʊw- || puw- || - || - || -
|-
| "saddle"
|style="color:red"| ''nyerëg'' || näwrää || ''*naaɣər'' || ''nåɣər'' || - || nööɣər || - || -
|-
|-
! colspan="9"| Derivational cases
! colspan="9"| Derivational cases

Revision as of 13:02, 6 February 2014

A table of Common Ugric vocabulary scavenged from various sources.

To gage the distribution and regularity of these, I'm listing the main varieties of Mansi and Khanty separately.

(Methodological note: in most previous research, a Hungarian reflex has been considered necessary for considering a word to be Common Ugric — although the existence of Ob-Ugric as a separate branch has never been demonstrated.)

Word Hungarian SMs WMs EMs NMs EKh SKh NKh Notes
"to stick into" akad- takn- - *tåxn- taxn- *ɬooɣɯɯn- tooxən- *tooxən- Hu. *ʊ > a / _[-VCD]?
"to bild; to fix" alkot- alt- olt- oolt- oolt- *aaLt- *oottə- *aaLtə-
"" alom - - - -
"" által ??
"father" apa cf. PU *ëppə "father-in-law" > HU ipa
"stream; lake" ár - tuur tuur tuur(†ə) *ɬaar toor *Laar ← II; cf. Fi. sarajas, P. *šoor. VS tur
"" ara - - - -
"younger mtrnl relat." ara - LM oår - oor ooĺii *oorti
"gold; copper" arany tarəń *tariń tårəń - *ɬoorńə - - ← II
"" aszik ??
"to swear; to say" átkoz - - - - aat- - - Weak.
"" atval - - - -
"to wet; to dive" áz- - - - - *ɬastə- tastə- Kz ɬostə- z : s? ∅z : st??
"" bërke - - -
"to drip" buzog- pask- *pëëss- *pëësɣ- paasɣ- *paasəɣ- *poosɣə- *paasii- cf. WU #piśa- "drop"?!
"" csigolya ??
"sprout" csíra ćürkiit- śirk śɪrk śirka - - - cf. Fi. sirkka?!
"" csókol - - -
"knot" cseg
~ csög
- śäŋkəl śiŋkəl-t- - - - - Or Hu ~ P+Kh *ćuŋə "finger joint"? P *džek "block"??
"" csuhé
"to thro" †tob- - - - toomp- - - - Weak, onomat.? Std H dob-
"hill, island" domb toomp to/ump tomp tomp - - - Bad
"dog" ëb äämp *öämp *öämp aamp äämp aamp aamp
"to harden" edz- - - *öät- - äät- aat- aat-- also cf. Kh *ii₂təp "steel"
"inside; at home" *jʊ- jüw jüw juw juw jooɣ jox joxii
"blade" él iĺmət iĺəm iĺəm eelmi - - - Ms. shortening?
"" elegyëdik
"other side" elv äləm *öäləm *öäləm aaləm J aaɬəm aatəm -
"to caress; to kiss" enyel(ëg-) üńəwl- ińjəl- ińəjl- ańiɣl- - - -
"glue" enyv iĺəm P iĺəm ~
VS jeeĺəm
iĺəm eeĺəm eejəm aajəm aajəm Ms. shortening?
"strawberry" epër äpərjek *ääpərjeex - - - - -
"squirrel" evet - - - - *jiipə(t) - -
"fat" faggyú - - - - pooĺť puuť puuť
"" fárad - - -
"to separate" fejt- - pääj- pääj- - - - "paajit-"
"bridle" fék pääk - - Check Ms.
"to burst" fekély - - päxl- pokl- - - -
"black" fekete - - - - peɣtə peɣtə puutii
"" fël ??
"" fér - - - ??
"eye of needle, backside" fok - - pʊ/up pup poɣ pow pow Check EMs.
"to flow" foly- poĺćiit- *poĺśt- polśiit- poĺśət- - palťəma- *poɭi-
"type of duck" - - - - paaj - - Weak. Cf. Sk. *pake?
"(to) stick" ful(ánk) - pulp pʊlp - *puuL- puutəp - Ms. shortening?
""
"" fülik - - -
"smoke" füst - *pašəm *påšəm posim - - *poosəŋ Kh. ← EMs?
"to stick in" gyakik - - M jɤɤkʷ- - V jooɣɯɯ- - Kz jaxəs- Or H. ~ Fi/Ma *d₂okka-
"(to) plane" dial. gyarol- jar jarə jar jor - - - std gyalu' < gyalló < *ďarl-ɜw? Ms also *jar-ɣ- "to plane"
"root" gyökér
gyökere-
jükäär jeekər jeekʷər jeekʷar - - -
"to spit" hagyap- - kuĺkəs- O kuĺk- xuĺxas- - - -
"(to have) fever" hagy(máz) - - xoš - kaańť- - xaaś- Or H. ~ PU *kod₂ka "spirit" (máz < "sickness"). Kh "C" xoońť-
"" haj - - -
"" hajol - - -
"" hajt - - -
"" hall
"mound; tussock" hant - LM komšəl - xoməs - - xoməs
"woodpecker" harkály karkaaj *koorki *koorki xooxra *kajarkɯɯ xaxraaj xaŋraa
"to burst" hasad kaśl- - xaśl- xaśl- - - -
"swan" hattyú kotaaŋ *kʷatəŋ *kʷåtəŋ xotaŋ kotəŋ xotəŋ xotəŋ ← Turkic
"" hërvad - - - -
"7" hét säät *söät *söät saat *ɬääpət taapət *Lääpət ← II, perhaps separately
"to get fat" híz- koot- kuut- U xuut- xuut- VV kaatəɣtə- xoot-tə- Kz xɔɔt-ɬə-
"beaver" hód końťəl kʷontəĺ kuńťəĺ xuntəĺ - - - ← Turkic
"" hozzá - - - -
"" húz - - -
"" i(afia)
"" i(fjú) - - - -
"" iránt
"joint" íz - - - - jöt jet jiit better here than ~ FP *jäsə(n)
"good"
java-
jomaas *jaməs jåməs jomas jem jem jiim Or Kh. ~ F *imeh
"to come" jut- jokt- *joxʷt- joxt- joxt- *joɣət- joxət- joxət-
"mod; hate" kedv - känt - kant - *kent kant
"" keserű - - -
"" keshed
"" ki
"" kísér - - - -
"" köles - - -
"" könnyű
"" könyörög
"" köszörül - - -
"" lassú
"" laza
"" lë(ány)
"to step" lép
"" les
"horse"
"" loll
"" magyar
"" malát - - - -
"" marok - - - -
"" márt
"" meleg
"" méltó - - - -
"" mély
"" mén - - - -
"" mënyül
"" mer
"" mered
"" mese - - - -
"" mét(háló)
"" meztelen - - -
"" mosolyog - - -
"" -nÁl - - -
"sun, day" nap
"" nevet - - -
"" nyék
"" nyer
"8" nyolc
"" nyom
"" oldal
"" ólom - - -
"" olt
"" ostor - - -
"" óv
"" óv - - -
"" ragad - - - -
"" rajta - - -
"" rokkan
"" rúg - - - -
"" sajtó - - - -
"" -sÁg - - -
"" sellő - - -
"" sötét
"" süpped - - -
"" süt - - -
"" száguld
"" szalu
"" szár
"" szédül
"" szëg - - -
"" szél
"" szik - - -
"word" szó ← Turkic
"" szorgalom
"" szőke - - - -
"" szőr - - -
"" szül - - -
"" táj - - - -
"" tál - - -
"" táltos
"" tëgëz
"" tekint - - - -
"place" tér - - - -
"" téved
"" tidó
"" torok
"fire" tűz
tüze-
täwət *töäwt *töäwt - *töɣət *tüüt *tuut Cf. Mongolian tǖdeg "bonfire"
"" '
Cases with g ~ *ɣ
"branch" ág taw *taɣ *tåɣ tow *ɬaɣʷɯɯ tawə *Lowə (Fi. hanka ← Gmc)
"to catch" fog pow- puw- pʊw- puw- - - -
"saddle" nyerëg näwrää *naaɣər nåɣər - nööɣər - -
Derivational cases
"cover" fëdél - *päntəl päntəl - - - from PU *pintä- "to cover" > fëd-, *pänt-
Cognates elsewhere in Uralic known by now
"hip, butt" ágyék ońćii *uńś uńś *uuńś - - - PU *onśa "meat, part"; ← II
"to step on; to climb" hág- kʌʌŋk- *kɤɤŋk- *kɤɤŋk- xaaŋx- VV kaaŋət- xooŋx- *xooŋx- PU *këŋkə- "to climb". Surgut kuuŋət-

Sources