Kana Phonetic Alphabet: Difference between revisions

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|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" rowspan=2 | Plosive || <ruby><rb>プ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ブ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>プ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ブ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>幺☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>幺☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>厂☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>厂☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>シ☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>シ☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ヨ☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ヨ☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ク</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>グ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ク</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ん☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>グ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ん☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ク</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>口☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>グ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>口☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || colspan=2 | <ruby><rb>ク</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>皿☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ッ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>・</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" rowspan=2 | Plosive || <ruby><rb>プ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ブ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>プ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ブ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>幺☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>幺☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>厂☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>厂☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>シ☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>シ☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ヨ☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ヨ☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ク</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>グ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ク</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ん☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>グ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ん☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ク</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>口☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>グ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>口☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || colspan=2 | <ruby><rb>ク</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>皿☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ッ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>・</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
|-
|-
|style="font-size: 95%;" | {{IPA|p}} || {{IPA|b}} || {{IPA|p̪}} || {{IPA|b̪}} || {{IPA|t̪}} || {{IPA|d̪}} || {{IPA|t}} || {{IPA|d}} || {{IPA|t̠}} || {{IPA|d̠}} || {{IPA|ʈ}} || {{IPA|ɖ}} || {{IPA|t̠ʲ}} || {{IPA|d̠ʲ}} || {{IPA|c}} || {{IPA|ɟ}} || {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|g}} || {{IPA|q}} || {{IPA|ɢ}} || {{IPA|q̠}} || {{IPA|ɢ̠}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|ʡ}} || {{IPA|ʔ}}
|style="font-size: 95%;" | {{IPA|p}} || {{IPA|b}} || {{IPA|p̪}} || {{IPA|b̪}} || {{IPA|t̪}} || {{IPA|d̪}} || {{IPA|t}} || {{IPA|d}} || {{IPA|t̠}} || {{IPA|d̠}} || {{IPA|ʈ}} || {{IPA|ɖ}} || {{IPA|t̠ʲ}} || {{IPA|d̠ʲ}} || {{IPA|c}} || {{IPA|ɟ}} || {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|ɡ}} || {{IPA|q}} || {{IPA|ɢ}} || {{IPA|q̠}} || {{IPA|ɢ̠}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|ʡ}} || {{IPA|ʔ}}
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" rowspan=2 | Affricate || || || || || {{IPA|ts}} || {{IPA|dz}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" rowspan=2 | Affricate || || || || || {{IPA|ts}} || {{IPA|dz}}
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" | {{IPA|p͡ɸ}} || {{IPA|b͡β}} || p̪͡f || b̪͡v || {{IPA|t͡s̪}} || {{IPA|d͡z̪}} || {{IPA|t͡s}} || {{IPA|d͡z}} || {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} || {{IPA|d͡ʒ}} || {{IPA|ʈ}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" | {{IPA|p͡ɸ}} || {{IPA|b͡β}} || p̪͡f || b̪͡v || {{IPA|t͡s̪}} || {{IPA|d͡z̪}} || {{IPA|t͡s}} || {{IPA|d͡z}} || {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} || {{IPA|d͡ʒ}} || {{IPA|ʈ͡ʂ}} || {{IPA|ɖ͡ʐ}} || {{IPA|t͡ɕ}} || {{IPA|d͡ʑ}} || {{IPA|c͡ç}} || {{IPA|ɟ͡ʝ}} ||​ {{IPA|k͡x}} || {{IPA|ɡ͡ɣ}} || {{IPA|q͡χ}} || {{IPA|ɢ͡ʁ}} || {{IPA|q̠͡ħ}} || {{IPA|ɢ̠͡ʕ}} || {{IPA|ʡ͡ʜ}} || {{IPA|ʡ͡ʢ}} || {{IPA|ʔ͡h}}
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" rowspan=2 | Lateral Affr. || || || || || {{IPA|ts}} || {{IPA|dz}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" rowspan=2 | Lateral Affr. || || || || || {{IPA|ts}} || {{IPA|dz}}

Revision as of 12:40, 13 September 2013

The Kana Phonetic Alphabet (KPA) is a phonetic transcription method using primarily katakana. Hiragana, kanji or kanji radicals, and other symbols are also used.

Structure

In KPA, consonant characters, with the exception of coronal and dorsal nasals, come with a following vowel. For example ト stands for [to̝]. To write a consonant without a following vowel, a batsu (☓) is written atop the consonant letter to suppress the following vowel. So ト(☓) stands for [t]. These single consonant are used either for coda consonants, or consonants that are not followed by a vowel because they are in a cluster.

Consonants

The following charts show how to write single consonants. To write [m] for example, ム(☓) is always used, never マ(☓), ミ(☓), メ(☓) or モ(☓).

Pulmonic Consonants
Bilabial Labiod. Dental Alveolar Post-Alv. Retroflex Alv.-Pal. Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Epiglottal Glottal
Nasal ム(☓)゜ ム(☓) ム(凵☓)゜ ム(凵☓) ン(凵)゜ ン(凵) ン゜ ン ン(幺)゜ ン(幺) ン(厂)゜ ン(厂) ン(シ)゜ ン(シ) ン(ユ)゜ ン(ユ) ン(ク)゜ ン(ク) ん゜ ん
m̥ m ɱ̊ ɱ n̪̊ n̪ n̥ n n̠̊ n̠ ɳ̊ ɳ n̠̊ʲ n̠ʲ ɲ̊ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ɴ̥ ɴ
Plosive プ(☓) ブ(☓) プ(凵☓) ブ(凵☓) ト(凵☓) ド(凵☓) ト(☓) ド(☓) ト(幺☓) ド(幺☓) ト(厂☓) ド(厂☓) ト(シ☓) ド(シ☓) ト(ヨ☓) ド(ヨ☓) ク(☓) グ(☓) ク(ん☓) グ(ん☓) ク(口☓) グ(口☓) ク(皿☓) ッ(・)
p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d t̠ d̠ ʈ ɖ t̠ʲ d̠ʲ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ q̠ ɢ̠ ʡ ʔ
Affricate ts dz
p͡ɸ b͡β p̪͡f b̪͡v t͡s̪ d͡z̪ t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ ​ k͡x ɡ͡ɣ q͡χ ɢ͡ʁ q̠͡ħ ɢ̠͡ʕ ʡ͡ʜ ʡ͡ʢ ʔ͡h
Lateral Affr. ts dz
ts dz
Sibilant Fric. s̪ z̪ s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑ
s̪ z̪ s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑ
Non-Sibilant Fric. ɸ β f v θ ð θ̠ ð̠ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ̝ ħ ʕ̝ ʜ ʢ̝ h ɦ
ɸ β f v θ ð θ̠ ð̠ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ̝ ħ ʕ̝ ʜ ʢ̝ h ɦ
Lateral Fric. f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ h
ɬ̪ ɮ̪ ɬ ɮ ɬ̠ ɮ̠ ɭ̝̊ ɭ̝ ɬ̠ʲ ɮ̠ʲ ʎ̝̊ ʎ̝ ʟ̝̊ ʟ̝̠̊ ʟ̝̠
Approximant w j
ɸ̞ β̞ ʋ̥ ʋ θ̞ ð̞ ɹ̥ ɹ ɹ̠̊ ɹ̠ ɻ̊ ɻ ɹ̠̊ʲ ɹ̠ʲ j̊ j ɰ̊ ɰ ɰ̠̊ ʁ̞ ʕ̞̊ ʕ̞ ʢ̞̊ ʢ̞ h ɦ
Lateral Appr. l
l̪̊ l̪ l̥ l l̠̊ l̠ ɭ̊ ɭ l̠̊ʲ l̠ʲ ʎ̥ ʎ ʟ̥ ʟ ʟ̠̊ ʟ̠
Flap or Tap
ⱱ̟̊ ⱱ̟ ⱱ̥ ⱱ ɾ̪̊ ɾ̪ ɾ̥ ɾ ɾ̠̊ ɾ̠ ɽ̊ ɽ ɾ̠̊ʲ ɾ̠ʲ q̆ ɢ̆ ʡ̥̆ ʡ̆
Lateral Flap or Tap
ɺ̪̊ ɺ̪ ɺ̥ ɺ ɺ̠̊ ɺ̠ ɺ̠̊ʲ ɺ̠ʲ ʎ̥̆ ʎ̆ ʟ̥̆ ʟ̆ ʟ̠̥̆ ʟ̠̆
Trill r
ʙ̥ ʙ ʙ̪̊ ʙ̪ r̪̊ r̪ r̥ r r̠̊ r̠ r̠̊ʲ r̠ʲ ʀ̥ ʀ
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