Kana Phonetic Alphabet: Difference between revisions

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|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" rowspan=2 | Nasal || <ruby><rb>ム</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>゜ || <ruby><rb>ム</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ム</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>゜ || <ruby><rb>ム</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>゜ || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || ン゜ || ン || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>幺</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>゜ || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>幺</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>厂</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>゜ || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>厂</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>シ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>゜ || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>シ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ユ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>゜ || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ユ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ク</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>゜ || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ク</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || ん゜ || ん
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" rowspan=2 | Nasal || <ruby><rb>ム</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>゜ || <ruby><rb>ム</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ム</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>゜ || <ruby><rb>ム</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>゜ || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || ン゜ || ン || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>幺</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>゜ || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>幺</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>厂</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>゜ || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>厂</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>シ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>゜ || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>シ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ユ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>゜ || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ユ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ク</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>゜ || <ruby><rb>ン</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ク</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || ん゜ || ん
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|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" | {{IPA|m̥}} || {{IPA|m}} || {{IPA|ɱ̊}} || {{IPA|ɱ}} || {{IPA|n̪̊}} || {{IPA|n̪}} || {{IPA|n̥}} || {{IPA|n}} || {{IPA|n̠̊}} || {{IPA|n̠}} || {{IPA|ɳ̊}} || {{IPA|ɳ}} || {{IPA|n̠̊ʲ}} || {{IPA|n̠ʲ}} || {{IPA|ɲ̊}} || {{IPA|ɲ}} || {{IPA|ŋ̊}} || {{IPA|ŋ}} || {{IPA|ɴ̥}} || {{IPA|ɴ}}
|style="font-size: 95%;" | {{IPA|m̥}} || {{IPA|m}} || {{IPA|ɱ̊}} || {{IPA|ɱ}} || {{IPA|n̪̊}} || {{IPA|n̪}} || {{IPA|n̥}} || {{IPA|n}} || {{IPA|n̠̊}} || {{IPA|n̠}} || {{IPA|ɳ̊}} || {{IPA|ɳ}} || {{IPA|n̠̊ʲ}} || {{IPA|n̠ʲ}} || {{IPA|ɲ̊}} || {{IPA|ɲ}} || {{IPA|ŋ̊}} || {{IPA|ŋ}} || {{IPA|ɴ̥}} || {{IPA|ɴ}}
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" rowspan=2 | Plosive || <ruby><rb>プ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ブ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>プ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ブ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>幺☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>幺☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>厂☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>厂☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>シ☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>シ☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ヨ☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ヨ☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ク</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>グ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ク</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ん☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>グ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ん☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ク</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>口☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>グ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>口☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || colspan=2 | <ruby><rb>ク</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>皿☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ッ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>・</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" rowspan=2 | Plosive || <ruby><rb>プ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ブ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>プ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ブ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>凵☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>幺☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>幺☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>厂☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>厂☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>シ☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>シ☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ヨ☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ド</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ヨ☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ク</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>グ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ク</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ん☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>グ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>ん☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ク</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>口☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>グ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>口☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || colspan=2 | <ruby><rb>ク</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>皿☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> || <ruby><rb>ッ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>・</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
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|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" | {{IPA|p}} || {{IPA|b}} || {{IPA|p̪}} || {{IPA|b̪}} || {{IPA|t̪}} || {{IPA|d̪}} || {{IPA|t}} || {{IPA|d}} || {{IPA|t̠}} || {{IPA|d̠}} || {{IPA|ʈ}} || {{IPA|ɖ}} || {{IPA|t̠ʲ}} || {{IPA|d̠ʲ}} || {{IPA|c}} || {{IPA|ɟ}} || {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|g}} || {{IPA|q}} || {{IPA|ɢ}} || {{IPA|q̠}} || {{IPA|ɢ̠}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|ʡ}} || {{IPA|ʔ}}
|style="font-size: 95%;" | {{IPA|p}} || {{IPA|b}} || {{IPA|p̪}} || {{IPA|b̪}} || {{IPA|t̪}} || {{IPA|d̪}} || {{IPA|t}} || {{IPA|d}} || {{IPA|t̠}} || {{IPA|d̠}} || {{IPA|ʈ}} || {{IPA|ɖ}} || {{IPA|t̠ʲ}} || {{IPA|d̠ʲ}} || {{IPA|c}} || {{IPA|ɟ}} || {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|g}} || {{IPA|q}} || {{IPA|ɢ}} || {{IPA|q̠}} || {{IPA|ɢ̠}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|ʡ}} || {{IPA|ʔ}}
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" rowspan=2 | Affricate || || || || || {{IPA|ts}} || {{IPA|dz}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" rowspan=2 | Affricate || || || || || {{IPA|ts}} || {{IPA|dz}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" | {{IPA|p͡ɸ}} || {{IPA|b͡β}} || p̪͡f || b̪͡v || {{IPA|t͡s̪}} || {{IPA|d͡z̪}} || {{IPA|t͡s}} || {{IPA|d͡z}} || {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} || {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" rowspan=2 | Lateral Affr. || || || || || {{IPA|ts}} || {{IPA|dz}}
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" | || || || || {{IPA|ts}} || {{IPA|dz}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" | || || || || {{IPA|ts}} || {{IPA|dz}}

Revision as of 11:24, 10 August 2013

The Kana Phonetic Alphabet (KPA) is a phonetic transcription method using primarily katakana. Hiragana, kanji or kanji radicals, and other symbols are also used.

Structure

In KPA, consonant characters, with the exception of coronal and dorsal nasals, come with a following vowel. For example ト stands for [to̝]. To write a consonant without a following vowel, a batsu (☓) is written atop the consonant letter to suppress the following vowel. So ト(☓) stands for [t]. These single consonant are used either for coda consonants, or consonants that are not followed by a vowel because they are in a cluster.

Consonants

The following charts show how to write single consonants. To write [m] for example, ム(☓) is always used, never マ(☓), ミ(☓), メ(☓) or モ(☓).

Pulmonic Consonants
Bilabial Labiod. Dental Alveolar Post-Alv. Retroflex Alv.-Pal. Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Epiglottal Glottal
Nasal ム(☓)゜ ム(☓) ム(凵☓)゜ ム(凵☓) ン(凵)゜ ン(凵) ン゜ ン ン(幺)゜ ン(幺) ン(厂)゜ ン(厂) ン(シ)゜ ン(シ) ン(ユ)゜ ン(ユ) ン(ク)゜ ン(ク) ん゜ ん
m̥ m ɱ̊ ɱ n̪̊ n̪ n̥ n n̠̊ n̠ ɳ̊ ɳ n̠̊ʲ n̠ʲ ɲ̊ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ɴ̥ ɴ
Plosive プ(☓) ブ(☓) プ(凵☓) ブ(凵☓) ト(凵☓) ド(凵☓) ト(☓) ド(☓) ト(幺☓) ド(幺☓) ト(厂☓) ド(厂☓) ト(シ☓) ド(シ☓) ト(ヨ☓) ド(ヨ☓) ク(☓) グ(☓) ク(ん☓) グ(ん☓) ク(口☓) グ(口☓) ク(皿☓) ッ(・)
p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d t̠ d̠ ʈ ɖ t̠ʲ d̠ʲ c ɟ k g q ɢ q̠ ɢ̠ ʡ ʔ
Affricate ts dz
p͡ɸ b͡β p̪͡f b̪͡v t͡s̪ d͡z̪ t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ
Lateral Affr. ts dz
ts dz
Sibilant Fric. f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ h
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ h
Non-Sibilant Fric. f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ h
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ h
Lateral Fric. f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ h
f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ h
Approximant w j
w j
Lateral Appr. l
l
Flap or Tap
Lateral Flap or Tap
Trill r
r
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