Kana Phonetic Alphabet: Difference between revisions
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== Structure == | == Structure == | ||
In KPA, consonant characters, with the exception of coronal and dorsal nasals, come with a following vowel. For example ト stands for [to̝]. To write a consonant without a following vowel, a batsu (☓) is written atop the consonant letter to suppress the following vowel. So <ruby> | In KPA, consonant characters, with the exception of coronal and dorsal nasals, come with a following vowel. For example ト stands for [to̝]. To write a consonant without a following vowel, a batsu (☓) is written atop the consonant letter to suppress the following vowel. So <ruby> | ||
<rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp> stands for [t]. These single consonant are used either for coda consonants, or consonants that are not followed by a vowel because they are in a cluster. | <rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> stands for [t]. These single consonant are used either for coda consonants, or consonants that are not followed by a vowel because they are in a cluster. | ||
== Consonants == | == Consonants == | ||
The following charts show how to write single consonants. To write [m] for example, <ruby><rb>ム</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp> is always used, never <ruby><rb>マ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp>, <ruby><rb>ミ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp>, <ruby><rb>メ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp> or <ruby><rb>モ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp>. | The following charts show how to write single consonants. To write [m] for example, <ruby><rb>ム</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> is always used, never <ruby><rb>マ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>, <ruby><rb>ミ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>, <ruby><rb>メ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> or <ruby><rb>モ</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>☓</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>. | ||
{{ | <br/> | ||
<div style="text-align: center;"> | |||
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;" | |||
!colspan=17 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Consonants | |||
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em" | |||
| ||colspan=2| Bilabial ||colspan=2| Labiod. ||colspan=2| Dental ||colspan=2| Alveolar ||colspan=2| Post-alv. ||colspan=2| Palatal ||colspan=2| Velar ||colspan=2| Glottal | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal || || {{IPA|m}} || || || || || || {{IPA|n}} || || || || {{IPA|ɲ}} || || {{IPA|ŋ}} | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plosive || {{IPA|p}} || {{IPA|b}} || || || || || {{IPA|t}} || {{IPA|d}} || || || || || {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|g}} | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Fricative || || || {{IPA|f}} || {{IPA|v}} || {{IPA|θ}} || {{IPA|ð}} || {{IPA|s}} || {{IPA|z}} || {{IPA|ʃ}} || {{IPA|ʒ}} || || || {{IPA|x}} || {{IPA|ɣ}} || {{IPA|h}} | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Affricate || || || || || {{IPA|ts}} || {{IPA|dz}} | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Approximants || || {{IPA|w}} || || || || || || || || || || {{IPA|j}} | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Trill || || || || || || || || {{IPA|r}} | |||
|- | |||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Lateral Approximant || || || || || || || || {{IPA|l}} | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
=== Pulmonic Consonants === | === Pulmonic Consonants === | ||
Revision as of 09:12, 10 August 2013
The Kana Phonetic Alphabet (KPA) is a phonetic transcription method using primarily katakana. Hiragana, kanji or kanji radicals, and other symbols are also used.
Structure
In KPA, consonant characters, with the exception of coronal and dorsal nasals, come with a following vowel. For example ト stands for [to̝]. To write a consonant without a following vowel, a batsu (☓) is written atop the consonant letter to suppress the following vowel. So
Consonants
The following charts show how to write single consonants. To write [m] for example,
| Consonants | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Labiod. | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alv. | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||||||||
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | k | g | ||||||||||
| Fricative | f | v | θ | ð | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | x | ɣ | h | |||||
| Affricate | ts | dz | ||||||||||||||
| Approximants | w | j | ||||||||||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||||||||
| Lateral Approximant | l | |||||||||||||||
