Syrenian/Phonology: Difference between revisions

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== Vowels ==
== Vowels ==
 
It is helpful to subdivide the many vowels into 'normal', '+RTR', '+rounding' and '+RTR,+rounding'.  On the following chart in each group of four vowels, the top left is 'normal'.  Moving to the right is '+RTR' and moving down is '+rounding.'
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Syreni vowels in IPA
|+ Syreni vowels in IPA
|
|
! colspan="3" | Front
! colspan="2" | Front
! colspan="3" |  Central
! colspan="2" |  Central
! colspan="3" |  Back
! colspan="2" |  Back
|-
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | High
| i || ɪ
| ɨ || ɪ̈
| ɯ || u
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle;" | High
| y || ʏ
| i || ɪ || ɪ̫
| ʉ || ʊ̈
| ɨ || ɪ̈ || ɪ̫̈
| ɯ̽ || ʊ
| u || ʊ || ʊ̫
|-
|-
| y
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Mid
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | /j/
| e || ɛ
| ʉ
| ɘ || ɜ
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ð/
| ɤ || ʌ
| {{Yes|ɯ}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | /w/
|-
|-
| ỹ || {{No}} || ũ
| ø || œ
| ɵ || ɞ
| o || ɔ
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" | Mid
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Low
| e || ɛ || ɛ̫
| æ || a
| ɘ || ɜ || ɜ̫
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:salmon; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | No
| o || ɔ || ɔ̫
| ä || ɑ
|-
|-
| œ
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | /l/
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɻ/
| {{No}}
| {{Yes|ɤ}}
| {{No}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ʁ/
| ɒ
|}
Under certain (common) conditions, vowels become their semi-vowel counterparts according to the following pattern:
{| class="wikitable"
|
! Front || Central || Back
|-
|-
| œ̃
! High
| {{Yes|ə̃}}
| /j/ || /ð/ || /w/
| õ
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" | Low
! Mid
| æ || a || a̫
| /l/ || /ɻ/ || /ʁ/
| colspan="3" rowspan="3" style="background:salmon; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | No
| ä || ɑ || ɑ̫
|-
|-
| {{No}}
! Low
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ɦ/
| /ɦ/ || {{No}} || /ʕ/
| ɒ
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | /ʕ/
|-
| {{No}}
| ɒ̃
|}
|}


 
Length is normal or long (e.g. a vs.  aː).  Vowel length is not intrinsic to the vowel, but part of the derivational pattern.
Length is normal, long and extra-short (e.g. a, aː, ă).  Vowel length is not intrinsic to the vowel, but part of the derivational pattern.


== Consonants ==
== Consonants ==
There is vast allophony in Syreni, since consonants are far less important.  First, there is the table of all sounds that occur:
First, there is the table of all sounds that occur:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|
|
! Labial
! Bilabial
! Coronal
! Dental*
! Alveolar
! Post-Alv.
! Palatal
! Velar
! Velar
! Uvular
! Uvular
Line 68: Line 69:
|-
|-
! Nasal
! Nasal
| m || n || ŋ || ɴ || ||  
| m || || n || || || ŋ || ɴ || ||  
|-
|-
! Stop
! Stop
| b || d || g || ɢ || || ʔ
| b~ⱱ̟ || || d~ɾ || || || g || ɢ || || ʔ
|-
|-
! Fricative
! Fricative
| v || z/ʒ || ɣ || || ||
| β || || z~z͎ || ʒ~ʒꟹ || || ɣ || || ||
|-
|-
! Approximant
! Approximant
|  || l/ð/r/j || w || ʁ || ʕ || ɦ
|  || ð || l~ɫ || ɻ || j || w~ɰ || ʁ || ʕ || ɦ
|-
! Trill
| ʙ || r̝͆ || r || || || || ʀ || ||
|-
! Click
| ʘ~ʬ || || !
|}
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Syreni teeth are very sharp, so their tongues do not ever go over the ridge of their teeth.
Affricates are phonemically distinguished (i.e. not separate letters unto themselves).  The possibilities are bβ, dz, dʒ, dð, ɡɣ, ɢʁ

Revision as of 10:15, 21 June 2013

Vowels

It is helpful to subdivide the many vowels into 'normal', '+RTR', '+rounding' and '+RTR,+rounding'. On the following chart in each group of four vowels, the top left is 'normal'. Moving to the right is '+RTR' and moving down is '+rounding.'

Syreni vowels in IPA
Front Central Back
High i ɪ ɨ ɪ̈ ɯ u
y ʏ ʉ ʊ̈ ɯ̽ ʊ
Mid e ɛ ɘ ɜ ɤ ʌ
ø œ ɵ ɞ o ɔ
Low æ a No ä ɑ
No No No ɒ

Under certain (common) conditions, vowels become their semi-vowel counterparts according to the following pattern:

Front Central Back
High /j/ /ð/ /w/
Mid /l/ /ɻ/ /ʁ/
Low /ɦ/ No /ʕ/

Length is normal or long (e.g. a vs. aː). Vowel length is not intrinsic to the vowel, but part of the derivational pattern.

Consonants

First, there is the table of all sounds that occur:

Bilabial Dental* Alveolar Post-Alv. Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ ɴ
Stop b~ⱱ̟ d~ɾ g ɢ ʔ
Fricative β z~z͎ ʒ~ʒꟹ ɣ
Approximant ð l~ɫ ɻ j w~ɰ ʁ ʕ ɦ
Trill ʙ r̝͆ r ʀ
Click ʘ~ʬ !

* Syreni teeth are very sharp, so their tongues do not ever go over the ridge of their teeth.

Affricates are phonemically distinguished (i.e. not separate letters unto themselves). The possibilities are bβ, dz, dʒ, dð, ɡɣ, ɢʁ

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