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| Diaeresis (known as tréma in French) and umlaut both employ the same character. But there is a difference of use between diaeresis and umlaut. Letters with umlaut stand for completely different sounds than their non-accented counterparts. For example in Swedish Oo represents /u/ while Öö represents /ø/. Diaeresis on the other hand does not change the sound value of a letter, but instead marks that a vowel is not part of a diphthong or digraph. Both are also known under the general name trema.<br>
| | #REDIRECT [[Diaeresis_and_Umlaut]] |
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| The diaeresis and umlaut characters have different origins. Diaeresis was borrowed from the Greek alphabet,[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaeresis_(diacritic)#History] while umlaut began as a small e placed on top of Aa, Oo or Uu. This e then later evolved into the same shape as diaeresis.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaeresis_(diacritic)#History_2]
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| == Diaeresis/Umlaut in Unicode ==
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+ Precomposed Letters with Diaeresis/Umlaut
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| | style="font-size:180%" | ¨ || style="font-size:180%" | ◌̈ || style="font-size:180%" | Ä || style="font-size:180%" | ä || style="font-size:180%" | Ǟ || style="font-size:180%" | ǟ || style="font-size:180%" | Ë || style="font-size:180%" | ë || style="font-size:180%" | Ḧ || style="font-size:180%" | ḧ || style="font-size:180%" | Ï || style="font-size:180%" | ï || style="font-size:180%" | Ḯ
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| | U+00A8 || U+0308 || U+00C4 || U+00E4 || U+01DE || U+01DF || U+00CB || U+00EB || U+1E26 || U+1E27 || U+00CF || U+00EF || U+1E2E
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| | Diaeresis || Combining Diaeresis || Latin Capital Letter A With Diaeresis || Latin Small Letter A With Diaeresis || Latin Capital Letter A With Diaeresis And Macron || Latin Small Letter A With Diaeresis And Macron || Latin Capital Letter E With Diaeresis || Latin Small Letter E With Diaeresis || Latin Capital Letter H With Diaeresis || Latin Small Letter H With Diaeresis || Latin Capital Letter I With Diaeresis || Latin Small Letter I With Diaeresis || Latin Capital Letter I With Diaeresis And Acute
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| | style="font-size:180%" | ḯ || style="font-size:180%" | Ö || style="font-size:180%" | ö || style="font-size:180%" | Ȫ || style="font-size:180%" | ȫ || style="font-size:180%" | Ṏ || style="font-size:180%" | ṏ || style="font-size:180%" | ẗ || style="font-size:180%" | Ü || style="font-size:180%" | ü || style="font-size:180%" | Ǖ || style="font-size:180%" | ǖ || style="font-size:180%" | Ǘ
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| | U+1E2F || U+00D6 || U+00F6 || U+022A || U+022B || U+1E4E || U+1E4F || U+1E97 || U+00DC || U+00FC || U+01D5 || U+01D6 || U+01D7
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| | Latin Small Letter I With Diaeresis And Acute || Latin Capital Letter O With Diaeresis || Latin Small Letter O With Diaeresis || Latin Capital Letter O With Diaeresis And Macron || Latin Small Letter O With Diaeresis And Macron || Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis || Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis || Latin Small Letter T With Diaeresis || Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis || Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis || Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Macron || Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Macron || Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Acute
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| | style="font-size:180%" | ǘ || style="font-size:180%" | Ǚ || style="font-size:180%" | ǚ || style="font-size:180%" | Ǜ || style="font-size:180%" | ǜ || style="font-size:180%" | Ṻ || style="font-size:180%" | ṻ || style="font-size:180%" | Ẅ || style="font-size:180%" | ẅ || style="font-size:180%" | Ẍ || style="font-size:180%" | ẍ || style="font-size:180%" | Ÿ || style="font-size:180%" | ÿ
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| | U+01D8 || U+01D9 || U+01DA || U+01DB || U+01DC || U+1E7A || U+1E7B || U+1E84 || U+1E85 || U+1E8C || U+1E8D || U+0178 || U+00FF
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| | Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Acute || Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron || Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron || Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave || Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave || Latin Capital Letter U With Macron And Diaeresis || Latin Small Letter U With Macron And Diaeresis || Latin Capital Letter W With Diaeresis || Latin Small Letter W With Diaeresis || Latin Capital Letter X With Diaeresis || Latin Small Letter X With Diaeresis || Latin Capital Letter Y With Diaeresis || Latin Small Letter Y With Diaeresis
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| |}
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| == Natlang Examples ==
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+ Uses of Diaeresis or Umlaut
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| ! Usage
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| ! Language
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| ! Letters
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| ! Notes
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| | rowspan=7 | [[Wikipedia:Front_vowel|Front]] version of [[Wikipedia:Back_vowel|back vowel]] (this includes Ää even though its unaccented version is not a back vowel in all of these languages)
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| | [[Wikipedia:Estonian_language|Estonian]]
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| | Ää /æ/, Öö /ø/, Üü /y/
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| | [[Wikipedia:Finnish_language|Finnish]]
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| | Ää /æ/, Öö /ø/
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| | Usage borrowed from Swedish.
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| | [[Wikipedia:German_language|German]]
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| | Ää /ɛ/, Öö /ø/, Üü /y/
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| | The umlaut evolved from the letter e in the digraphs ae, oe and ue.
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| | [[Wikipedia:Livonian_language|Livonian]]
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| | Ää /æ/, Ǟǟ /æː/
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| | [[Wikipedia:Hungarian_language|Hungarian]]
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| | Öö /ø/, Üü /y/
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| | [[Wikipedia:Slovak_language|Slovak]]
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| | Ää /æ~ɛ/
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| | /æ/ is archaic or dialectal pronunciation.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_language]
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| | [[Wikipedia:Swedish_language|Swedish]]
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| | Ää /ɛ/, Öö /ø/, Üü /y/
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| | The umlaut evolved from the letter e in the digraphs ae[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84] and oe[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96]. Üü is not really a part of the Swedish alphabet, but is used in some loanwords and in many surnames.
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| | rowspan=2 | [[Wikipedia:Hiatus_(linguistics)|Hiatus]]
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| | [[Wikipedia:Catalan_language|Catalan]]
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| | Ïï /i/, Üü /u/
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| | Diaeresis on an Ii or Uu following another vowel marks that the two vowels are in different syllables. Without diaresis, the Ii or Uu would stand for a semivowel.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_alphabet#Diaeresis]
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| | [[Wikipedia:French_language|French]]
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| | Ëë, Ïï, Üü, Ÿÿ
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| | Non-silent vowel
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| | [[Wikipedia:Catalan_language|Catalan]]
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| | Üü /w/
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| | Diaresis on an Uu that is between Gg or Qq and a front vowel marks that this letter stands for /w/. Otherwise it would be a part of the digraph Gu gu /g/ or Qu qu /k/ that is used before front vowels.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_alphabet#Diaeresis]
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| | Raised vowel
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| | [[Wikipedia:Hungarian_language|Hungarian]]
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| | Ëë /e/
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| | Unaccented Ee stands for /ɛ/. Ëë is not really a part of the Hungarian alphabet however; it is used when writing down spoken or sung language in a dialect that has this phoneme.
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| |}
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| == See Also ==
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| *[[Natlang_Uses_of_Diacritics_in_the_Latin_Alphabet|Natlang Uses of Diacritics in the Latin Alphabet]]
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| *[[Natlang_Uses_of_Diacritics_Diaeresis_Below|Natlang Uses of Diaeresis Below]]
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| [[Category:Natscripts]] | |
