Proto-Uralic/O

Std. PU *o_ə

F. *o_i, Mo. Smy. *å(_ə)

Lexeme	Finnic	Samic	Mordv.	Mari	Permic	Hung.	Mansi	Khanty	Samoy.	Comments
*o_ə type 1 (S. *ō_ɤ, Mo. *u, P. *ɤɤ, Ms. *aa, Kh. *ooC)
"to be"	*(v)ole-	-	*ulə-	*ʊla-	*vɤɤl(ɨ)-	vol-, val-	*aal-	*waɬ-	*åə-
"butter"	*voi	*vōjɤ	*vaj	*ü	U. vɤj ~ K vɨj	vaj	*waaj	*wooj	-	~ IA *āǵja — but *w- ? FP *wëjə?
"mountain"	*voori	-	-	-	*vɤɤr	orr	*waar	*woor	Km. boor	~ II *aras — but *w- ? Also cf. *wara
"hollow, cavity"	*o/?nci	*vōmtɤ	*undə	-	U. udur	odur	*aantər	*oontər	-	*omtə(-rV)
"hole in wood"	-	*vōwtɤ	-	-	-	-	-	*ooŋət	-	*oŋtə, cf. prev.
"hole"	*oŋk-	*vōŋkō	-	-	-	-	*waaŋkaa	*wooŋk	*wåŋkə	F. onkalo cf. varsi : vartalo
"to chew"	-	*sōskɤ-	*suskə-	-	*sɤɤsk-	-	*taaɣt-	*ɬooɣəɬ-	#tutə-
"to sweep"	F. huosi-	-	-	-	U. čuž-	-	*šaaš-	*čaač-	Se čuuč-← *čåəč-
"spruce"	*kuusi	*kōsɤ	kuz	*kož	U. kɨz ~ K. koz	-	*kaawt	*kooɬ	*kåət	*kowtə, F. *ow → *uu?
"drape"	*uudim	-	-	-	*ɤɤn(m-)	-	*aaməl	*ooɬəw	-	*owðəmə, F. *ow → *uu?
"netstring"	-	*cōncɤ	-	-	-	-	-	*čoončəɣ	-
"(to) patch"	-	W *tōŋɤ ~ E *tōvŋɤ	-	*tumɤš	K. dɤm	-	-	-	-	ŋ/m?
"millet; oat"	-	-	*surə	-	*zɤɤr	-	-	-	-
*o_ə type 2 (S. *ō_ɤ, Mo. *u, P. *(k)wåå/*ooĆ/*uu, Ms. *u)
"male"	-	*kōjɤ	-	-	*koom	hiim	*kuj, *kum	*kuuj	-	*kojə(-ma)
"to sound"	*so/?i-	*čōjɤ-	-	*ša-ktə-	-	zaj-	*suj-	*söj-
"to go thru"	-	*sōŋɤ-	Er. sova- ~ Mo. suva-	-	U. zum- ~ K. sun-	av-	*tuw-	*ɬaŋ-	*tüj-
"berry"	Võ pala	-		-	K. pul	boĺoo, boɟoo ?	*pul	-	Sk. *pəl-	Core F. *poola probably reshaped after *joo-la- "V. uliginosum"
"to touch"	NF *koske-	*kōskɤ-	-	*kuške-	K. kos-	-	-	-	-	K. ← P. *kwåås- ?
"buckle"	*so/õlki	*čūlkō-	*śulgamə	†šolkama	*śuul	-	-	-	-
"to say"	*hoke-	-	-	-	*šuu-	-	-	-	-
"group"	*jo/õukko	-	-	-	*juuk	-	-	-	-	← IE *jowkjo, H ɟakor something else
"barley"	-	-	*čuž	*šož	*čuužj	-	-	-	-
"hill"	-	-	-	*mʊčə	*muuč	-	-	-	-
"to dive"	-	-	-	*šʊŋga-	*s/zuuŋ-	-	-	-	-
Indistinct between *o₁_ə and *o₂_ə
"to wash"	*mo/õske-	-	*muśkə-	*mʊška-	*mɨśk-	moš-	-	-	*måsə-
"to scorch"	*ko/?rpe-	*kōrpɤ-	*kurva-	-	-	-	-	-	*kårpə-
"to bring"	*too-	*tōkɤ-	*tujə-	-	-	-	*tuul-	*tuu-	*tå- / *tə-	H. *toj- "lay eggs" may be ← Trc
"knee"	*po/õlvi	*pōlvɤ	*pul-	*pʊl	-	-	-	-	*puəj
"(to) knot"	*so/õlmi	*čōlmɤ	*śulma	-	-	čomoo	-	-	-
demonstrativ stem	*jo-	*jō-	E. ju-	*ju-	-	-	-	-	-	← IE?
"worm"	-	*sōksɤ	*suks	*šukš	-	-	-	-	-
""
"to be sick"	*po/õte-	*pōcɤ-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
"true"	*to/õci	*tōtɤ	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
""
"to cut"	-	-	-	-	-	farag	*paar	-	*pərå-	Smy. "to scrape", may not belong
"to dry"	-	-	-	-	-	asoo	*taaš	*soos
"net needle"	F. sohi- ?	*čōpsēmē	-	*šapš	-	-	*taas	*soopəs	-	Note irregular sibilants in OU
with Ms. *ɤɤ
"cheek"	*po/õski	-	-	-	-	-	*pɤɤjət	#puɣɬəm	*påtə
"minor river"	*jo/õki	*jokɤ	jov	*joɣə	*juu	joo	*jɤɤ	*jɯɯɣɯɯ	-	*jëkV, with S *ë → *u? Cf. *jëxə- "to drink"
"major river"	*juka	-	-					*jååɣəɳ	*jəka	for comparision
*ô_ə (S. *o_ɤ, Mo. *o, Ma. *a?,
"dry"	*koski	*koškɤ-	*kośkə-	*kaškə-	*kwååś	-	-	-	*kåsə-	F. meaning "rapids", → S. *kóškɤ ibid.
"birch bark vessel"	-	*kōššē	-	-	-	-	*kus	*koťək	-	*-śj-? F. kosio ← S.
"bow"	*jo/?uci	*jōksɤ	*joŋs	*jaŋež	-	iij	*jaaɣət	*jooɣəɬ	*jïntə	*-ŋs-
"to pursue"	*no/õu-ta-	-	-	-	-	-	*ńawl-	*ńååɣəɬ-	*ńo-	Close to *u. Also cf. P. *nuu-, Ma. *nʊmala- "carry"
"to experience"	*koke-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	*ko-
"bosom"	*po/õvi	*pōŋɤ	Er. poŋgo ~ Mk. pov	Hi. poŋgəš ~ Me. poməš	*pi	-	*puut	*poɣəɬ	-	Hang on, it's *uu ~ *o again
"snot"	*no/õlki	*snōlkɤ	*nolgə	-	-	ńaal	-	-	-	Or *o with Mo. irregular
"stick"	*po/?nci	-	Mk. ponda	*pandə	*pood	-	-	-	-	P. also *böd "staff"
"vessel"	-	-	*očkə	*wačkɤ	U. vɨčkɨ	-	-	-	-
"to sieve"	*pohtVj-	-	ponžavto-	-	*poož-	-	-	-	-
"bent"	-	-	Mk. nokəl(a)	-	*ńuk	-	-	-	-
"grain"	-	-	*norəv	-	K nur(j-)	-	-	-	-
"straw"	*o/õlki	-	*olgə	-	-	-	-	-	-
"corner; to hide"	*so/?ppi	-	*śopə-	-	-	-	-	-	-
"bear"	*o/?kci	-	*ovtə	-	-	-	-	-	-	Cf. IE *arktos
"to sink"	*lo/?nteh	-	londado-	-	-	-	-	-	-
*oo-a (IE loans)
"salt"	suola	-	sal	Hi cal ~ Me ćal	U. sɨlal ~ K. sol	-	-	-	-	← IE, multiple loans? Mari affricated prenasally? (#sÖnćAl)
"protection"	suoja, hoi-va	*sōjē, šōjē	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	← II *sḱaajaa
""
"to die"	*koole-	-	*kulə-	*kole-	*kuul-	hal-	*kaal-	*kal-	*kåə-	S. *koalō- "freeze" ← Gmc. Cf. *kal-ma "death"
"to lick"	*noole- *nola "slime"	*noalō-	*nola-	*nʊle-	*ńuul-	ńal-	*ńal-aamt-	*ńaɬ-	*ńåə-	Check Kh. forms. Mo. analogy with *elä- "live"?
"to hack"	kuokki-	-	-	-	*kook-	-	-	-	-	Coincidental?
"pit"	kuoppa				U. gop
std. PU *ox type 2?
"those"	nuo	*nō-	nonat	*nʊnə	K. nɨ-	-	-	-	Se. na
"that"	tuo	*tō	to-	*tʊ	U. tu ~ K. tɨ	ta-, taa-	*tuu-, *tu-	*to-	*tå-
"crust"	kuori	-	kaŕ	-	K. kɨrś	-	*kur-	*kor-	-	For Se. ker- cf. *kêri
"side"	puoli	-	pola	-	-	-	-	-	-
"pole"	F. vuoli	-	-	-	-	-	*ula	*(w)ooɭ	-
"pole"	ulku	*holkɤ	olga	-	K. ɨl		*awla	*oɣəl	*uj	for comparision
Messy stuff
"3"	*kolmi	*kolmɤ	*kolmə	*kʊm	#kuuińm	haarom	*kuurəm	*kooɬəm	-	*-rm- ? -ðm- ?? Wanderwort?!
"aspen"	-	-	*poj	-	*pi	-	-	*paaj	#pij
"to flay"	-	*ńōvɤ-	-	-	*ńij-	ńuuz-	*ńuuj-			H- *ńowə-ta-?
"swan"	*jo/?uccen	*ńūkčɤ	*lokś--	*jükšə	*juuś(k-)	-	-	-	-
"pole"	-	*čōlčɤ	-	-	-	-	-	-	*səlčə	Bad
"lake"	-	-	-	-	*tɨ	tav-	*taa	*tøɣ	*to
"to sew"	-	-	-	*ʊrɣe-	*vurɨ-	var-	-	-	-	Also Ma. *wʊrɣəm "cloth"
"straight"	*o/õikeda	*vōjkɤ	*vijəďɜ	*wij-	-	-	-	-	-	S. may be ← F.
"to feed"	-	-	-	*wurde-	*vördɨ-	-	-	-	-	Cf. IE *werdʰ-
"to throw"	*loo	*lū	*ĺijə-	*loŋa-	*lɤd-	loog-				WTF is this shit
"to sink"	-	-	-	-	-	rokkan-	*rowt-, N. räɣ-	*raak-	-
"brittle"	NF *rohka	-	-	*raš/čka	*rɨž, K. rɨš(k)-	-	-	-	-	*rošə, *roš-ka? OU ris etc. ← K. Don't see how H. roš- "slow" compares. Zek "P *ruuž"
"brittle"	-	-	-	#rot	-	ruut, rot-	-	*ratək	-
"barley"	-	-	*čuž	*šož	*čuž	-	-	-	-
"dawn"	*koi	-	-	K. kɨa	-	-	-	-	-	H. haj, Ms. *kuuj cf. *kaja "sun"
"to stick"	-	-	-	-	*tooj-	†toĺ-	-	-	-
"dish, chest"	-	-	-	-	*dooz	-	-	*toɬ	-
"a fish"	*to/õtki	-	*tutka	*tatə	-	tat	*tåkt	-	Sk. tut
"to dare"	*tohtVj-	*tōstɤ-	-	*tošta-	-	-	-	-	-
"cloth"	-	-	-	*tʊɣər	*te/ɤra	-	-	-	-
"hill"	-	-	-	-	-	domb	*tåmp	-	-	clearly not PU
"birch bark"						tidoo				+ OU per *tana
"to knock"	-	-	Er tomba-	-	U dɨbɨrt-	†tob-	Lz tååmp-	-	-
"to oppose"	*to/õrju-	*toarjō-	*tuŕə-	-	-	-	-	-	-	S. "to support". Cf. *tora
"oak"	*tammi	-	*tumə	*tum(ə)	*tu	-	-	-	-
"many"	*mo/õni	moanɤk	-	-	*-mɨn	*-vAn	*-mən	-	-	Probly ← IE
"to lern; to see"	*o/õppe(j)-	-	-	-	-	-	*waapl-	*waapəɣ-	-	F. → S. *oappɤ-
"to be able; to fight"	*vo/õi-	-	-	-	-	viiv-	-	-	-
"to see"	-	-	-	-	-	oov-	-	*wuu-/waa-	*wë(ra)-	how about *ë
"to reach; to spawn"	-	*joksɤ-	-	-	-	(v)iiv-	-	-	-	F. *jooksə- better from *joo- "drink, flow"? Bad without
"to go"	-	-	-	-	-	in--	*jaam-	-	Ne. jaam-
"middle"	F. jotka	-	*jutkə	-	-	-	*jat	-	*jotV
"ski"	-	-	-	*ječe	-	-	*jašə	-	-	Bad
"steam, fog"	-	-	-	-	*ruu	-	-	*ruu₂	-
"weak"	-	-	-	-	K. rudź-	ross	-	-	-
"soup"	*rokka	-	-	-	-	-	LU raɣt	*rook	-
"to hack"	-	-	-	*rooe-	-	rov-	-	*rooɣ-	-
""
""

Std. PU *o_a

Lexeme	Finnic	Samic	Mordv.	Mari	Permic	Hung.	Mansi	Khanty	Samoy.	Comments
F. *o_a, S. *oa_ē, Mo. *u_ə, Ma. *u, P. *Cuu / *(k)wåå, H. a/aa, Ms. *uu, Smy. *å_å
"to sleep"	-	*oaðē-	*udə-	-	-	al-	-	*aɬ-	-
"sleep"	-	-	*udəmə	*omə	*uunm	-	*uuləm	*ooɬəm	-	*oða-ma (or *-ima?); cf. "to sleep"
"to dry"	-	-	-	-	*śuur-	saar-	*šuur-	*saar-	-	Or *a₂
"jaw"	-	*oalōl	*ulə	-	-	aall	*uuləć	-	-
"part; flesh"	*osa	*oańčē		Me. ü/užas	-	aaɟek, ost-	*uunć	-	-	← II?
"fish trap"	*ota-	*oacē	-	-	K. vodž	-	*wuuš	*waač	*wåčå	Mo. *oš "city" probably doesn't belong
"bend"	-	NS moagge	-	-	*mög	-	*muuɣəl	*maɣəɬ	-
similar but Ms *aa
"raft"	*parvi	*poarē(vē)	-	-	*puur	-	*paaraa	*par	*pårV
"flock"	*parvi	-	-	-	-	-	*parə	-	Same root as prev.?
"horn"	*sarvi	*čoarvē	*śurə	*šur	*śuur	sarv	*saarəp	*ćärpə	-	← II
"group"	*konta ~ *kunta	*kontē	Mk. kuńďä	-	-	had	*kaant	*kantəɣ	*kåntə	S & NF contam. with Gmc *hundra?
"elbow"	*o/õlka	*oalkē	-	-	K. volɨs	vaall	*waaɣləp	-	*wajk-	~ BSl. *olkuti ? Ms. "shoulderband"
"to spread, bed"	-	-	-	-	*wååĺ-	aaɟ	*aaĺ	-	-	F. ← vuota ← B, Mo. *aca ← Miš.
"soft"	-	*loančē	-	-	-	laaɟ	*laanćəŋ	*ɭoonćə	-
indistinct
"house"	*ko/?ta	*koatē	*kudə	*kuðɤ	*kwåå	haaz	-	*kaat	-	← II?
"ear; leaf"	*ko/õrva	*koarvē	-	-	*kwåår	harap	-	-	*kåw
"head"	*oiva	*oajvē	Mk. uj-	*wuj	-	-	-	-	*åjwå
"to bring"	-	*toalvō-	-	-	-	-	-	-	*tåjwå-
"wedge"	-	-	*tulə	-	*tuul	-	-	-	*tajwA
"hare"	-	*ńoamēlē	*numələ	-	K. ńimal	ńuul	-	-	*ńåmå	← *ńoxi-ma(-la)? H. *m-lenition
"war"	*so/õta	-	*śudə-	*šuðə- "curse"	-	-	-	-	*såjə	S. *soattē ← F.
"quarrel"	*to/?ra	*toarō	*tuŕə-	Hi. torle-	-		-	-	*tårə-
"aunt"	-	*koaskē	-	-	-	-	-	-	*kåtå
"to go"	-	-	juta-, Mk. jota-	-	-	-	-	-	*jåtA-	*jočə-ta-? Cf. OUg *jaač "path". S. *jotē- better ← B. *judē-.
"skin"	E. kõba	-	*kuvə	*kuwə	*kuu	-	-	-	*kopa
"intestine"	*sooli	*čoalē	*śulə/a	*šol(ə)	*śuul	-	-	*sool	-	← IA ?
"to sew"	-	-	-	*ʊrɣə-	*vuur-	var-	-	-	-
"awl"	*ora	*oarē	*urə	-	-	aar	-	-	-	← II *ārā (Vo õra)
"orphan"	*orpa-	*oarpēs	*urəs	-	-	aarva	-	-	-	← IE
"squirrel"	*orava	*oarē	*ur	*ur	K. ur	-	-	-	-	(Vo õrava)
"to vomit"	*oksenta-	*vōksē-	*uksəndə-	*ukšənz/ća-	U. ɤskɨ- ~ K. vos-	-	-	-	-
"twig"	*oksa	*oaksē	-	*ukš	*oosɨ	-	-	-	-
"reindeer"	*poro	*poačōj	-	Hi. pučə ~ Me. püčö	U. pudžej	-	-	-	-	← II *paču-; Ms *pääš ~ Kh *peeč indep.
"eagle"	*kotka	*koackēmē	*kućkan	*kučkəž	*kuuč	-	-	-	-
"shaman"	*no/õjta	*noajtē	-	-	-	-	*ńääjt	-	-
"sleigh"	-	*čoanē "last sleigh"	-	-	-	-	*šun	-	-
"spirit"	-	-	-	-	*kuuĺ	haɟ	*kuĺ-	-	*kåjkə	*-ðʲk-. F. *koljoi ← Gmc
"wave"	-	-	-	-	-	hab	*ku(m)p	*ko/uump	*kåmpå	Distinct from FP *kumpu "hill".
"bent, to bend"	*no/õtko/eda	*ńoackē	*nučka-	-	-	-	-	-	-
""
""
West *o_a, Mari *ʊ, East *ë (P ambiguous)
"man, male animal"	*ko/?ira(s)	-	-	-	K. kɨr	here	*kɤɤr	*kaar	*kora	*kojra ← *kojə-ra
"duck"	*so/õtka	*čoaðkē	*śulgə	*šooe	*šuul	-	*sɤɤĺ	*saaj	-	*ś-l → *ś-ĺ in Ug.
"ware"'	*os-ta- "to buy"	*oasē	-	*wʊža	*vuuz	-	*wɤɤtaa	-	-	← IE *wosā; Ms via II?
"to peel"	-	-	-	*kʊðaša-	*kuuĺ-	-	*kɤɤĺ-	-	-
"to take, to pluck"	*vo/õtta-	-	-	-	U. vɨtɨ- ~ K. vot-	-	*wɤɤt-	-	-	*wolə-kta-?
TBS
"lid"	*kanci	*koamtē	*kundə	*komdəš	K. kud	-	-	-	-
"soft"	-	*loančē	-	"lënzë-"	-	laaɟ	*lanćəŋ	*loonćə	-
"cleft"	*kolo	*koalō	-	-	*kwåål-	halok	*kal	*kååɭ	-	FS possibly ← Gmc
"slave"	*orja	*oarjē	*uŕɜ	-	U. war ~ K. ver	-	-	-	-
"vessel"	F. purnu	*pōrnē	-	-	U. bɤrńo ~ K. burńa	-	-	-	-
"stick"	*sompa	*soampē	-	šo/umba?	K. *zɨb	-	-	-	-	F. ← S. ← II?
"dung"	*sonta	-	-	*šandə	U. zud "mud"	-	-	-	-
"pig"	*po/õrsas	-	*purćis	-	*påårś	-	-	-	-	← IE
"to prick"	F. tokkaa-	-	-	Hi. loɣe-	-	ɟak-	-	-	-
"small fly"	-	-	-	*lʊmej	U. ĺum	-	*ĺaaməj	-	-
"shallow; to dry"	-	*coakē-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Sk. ča/ëkka-
"thick; many"	-	-	-	*čaka(-ta)	K. čɤk	šok	*šaw	-	-	Ug. cf. Turkic *čok
"yellow"	-	-	*ťuža	-	U. čuž	-	-	-	-	Fairly bad
"1000"	-	-	-	-	*śuurs	-	*šåtər-	*ćorəs		← II *ǵʰasra, independantly?
"tin"	-	-	-	*wulnə	-	oon	*ålən	*ooɬnaa	-
"lead"	-	-	-	-	-	oolom	*wuuləm	-	-
"to peel"	-	*oalō-	E. valə-	-	U. vɤĺɨ- ~ K. voĺ-	*wol-ćt-	-	-	-	With *ĺ. E. may be ← *wala- "pour"
"Labrador tea"	-	ES *olo-	-	-	-	-	*waĺ	*wääĺ	-	Bad. Note *ĺ.
"hole"	-	-	-	-	-	-	N. waapi	-	*wåpə	Loan from Ne. → Ms?
"harness"	-	*vōtɤ	-	-	-	-	*vo/ät	*wäät	Sk. *kuu
"to conjure"	-	-	-	-	K. vom--	†wima-	-	-	-
"fat"	-	*jolē	-	-	-	-	-	*jooɬ	-
"friend"	-	-	-	-	*joort	-	-	-	#(*j)üruŋ
"cold"	-	-	-	*juž	U. juz	-	-	-	-
"good"	-	-	-	-	-	joo, jav-	*jomaas	E. *jem, Ob. jiim	-
"to stick in"	-	-	-	-	-	ɟak-	*jɤɤkʷ-	*jooɣə-
"plane (tool)"	-	-	-	-	-	ɟal(l)u, ɟarol-	*jar(ɣə-)	-	-	H. *rl → ll?
"friend"	-	-	-	-	-	jaat	*ji/ä/at "with"	*jöt "with"	-
"to sigh"	*hooka-	SS såagedh	-	#šootVć- "to rest"	-	-	*šëëk-	-	-	Consonants bad. F, S. better ← Gmc *swogan. F. → S. *śōkkē-
"narrow; to worry"	-	-	-	-	*šoog	aggod- , oog-	-	-	-	Semantics bad
"to dry; to fall, to ebb"	-	-	-	-	*šuup-al-	ap-ad-	-	-	-
"rare"	*harva	*soarvē	*šurə	-	K. šur-	-	-	*ɬoorəp	#tïrå-	S. "dry tree", K. "to dry"
"lung; gills"	-	-	-	*šoðɤ	K. šɤĺ	-	-	-	-
"space; warm"	*hooneh	-	-	-	*šoon-	-	-	-	-	Or F. ← B. *šānas "side" → "room"
"go sour"	-	-	-	Me. šua-	U. šut- ~ K. šuź-	-	-	-	-	Cf. čapp
"elm"	-	-	-	*nolɣɤ	U. ńulo	-	-	-	-	Prob better *ńa/ëlka
"to press"	-	-	-	-	-	ńom-	*ńål-	*ńoɬ-	-	Better *u?
"slow"	-	*ńoacē	-	-	*ńož(jV-)	-	-	-	-
"club"	*nujja, *nuhja
"sleigh"	-	-	*nurdə	-	*noort	-	-	-	-
"bad; lazy"	F. nolo	-	Mk. nola	-	-	-	-	-	-	Better F. ← *ńola
"diver"	-	*ńūNēl	-	-	-	-	-	-	*ńuənä
"to press together"	-	-	-	*nʊmɤrge-	K. ńam-	ńom-	-	-	-
"slime, phloam"	*nola, *nila	-	-	*nalɤ	U. ńɤl ~ K. ńiĺ	-	*ńiĺ- "to peel"	*ńaɬ	Ne. nal-	Cf. *ńïla. F. also nula
"neck"	-	-	-	-	ńak	-	-	-	Sk. #nukV
"moss"	-	*ńōrɤ	-	-	-	-	-	-	#når-	Cf. *ńërə
"to crawl; to grab"	-	*ńoamē-	-	-	-	-	-	-	*ńåmå-
"to crawl"	-	E *ńoallē-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Ne. ńalo-	Suspicious
"hard"	-	-	-	-	K. nadź	naɟ	-	-	-
"to tire"	-	-	-	*noje-	-	-	-	*nooj-	-
"to stretch"	-	-	-	-	U nujt- ~ K ńojd-	ńuujt-	-	-	-
"nettle"	-	-	-	*nuž	-	-	-	-	Ne. nāca--
"burden"	-	-	-	-	U. nɨpɨ ~ K. nop, nup	-	*nɤɤp	-	-
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