Accusative absolute: Difference between revisions
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The '''accusative absolute''' is a [[grammar|grammatical construction]] found in some languages. It is an [[absolute construction]] found in the [[accusative case]]. | The '''accusative absolute''' is a [[grammar|grammatical construction]] found in some languages. It is an [[Wikipedia: Absolute construction|absolute construction]] found in the [[Wikipedia: accusative case|accusative case]]. | ||
==Greek== | ==Greek== | ||
In [[ancient Greek]], the accusative case is used [[adverb]]ially with [[participle]]s of [[impersonal verb]]s. It is similar in usage to the [[genitive absolute]].<ref>Balme, Maurice and Gilbert Lawall. ''Athenadze: An Introduction to Ancient Greek.'' New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. pp 172.</ref> For example: | In [[Wikipedia: ancient Greek|ancient Greek]], the accusative case is used [[adverb]]ially with [[participle]]s of [[Wikipedia: impersonal verb|impersonal verb]]s. It is similar in usage to the [[genitive absolute]].<ref>Balme, Maurice and Gilbert Lawall. ''Athenadze: An Introduction to Ancient Greek.'' New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. pp 172.</ref> For example: | ||
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| seeming good-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">acc</span> || the-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">masc.dat.sg</span> || father-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">dat</span> || and || the-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">fem.dat.sg</span> || mother-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">dat</span> || marries || the-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">fem.acc.sg</span> || Cyaxares-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">gen</span> || daughter-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">acc</span> | | seeming good-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">acc</span> || the-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">masc.dat.sg</span> || father-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">dat</span> || and || the-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">fem.dat.sg</span> || mother-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">dat</span> || marries || the-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">fem.acc.sg</span> || Cyaxares-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">gen</span> || daughter-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">acc</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan=10 | "It seeming good to his father and mother, he marries the daughter of Cyaxares." ([[Xenophon]], ''[[Cyropaedia]]'' 8.5.28) | | colspan=10 | "It seeming good to his father and mother, he marries the daughter of Cyaxares." ([[Wikipedia:Xenophon|Xenophon]], ''[[Wikipedia:Cyropaedia|Cyropaedia]]'' 8.5.28) | ||
|} | |} | ||
==German== | ==German== | ||
In [[German language|German]], a noun phrase can be put in the accusative to indicate that the subject of the sentence has the property described.<ref>Duden 4, ''Die Grammatik'', 5th edition (1995), p. 624</ref> For example: | In [[Wikipedia:German language|German]], a noun phrase can be put in the accusative to indicate that the subject of the sentence has the property described.<ref>Duden 4, ''Die Grammatik'', 5th edition (1995), p. 624</ref> For example: | ||
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==Latin== | ==Latin== | ||
The accusative absolute is sometimes found in place of the [[Latin | The accusative absolute is sometimes found in place of the [[Wikipedia:Latin syntax#Ablative absolute|ablative absolute]] in the [[Latin]] of [[Wikipedia:Late Antiquity|Late Antiquity]] as, for example, in the writings of [[Wikipedia:Gregory of Tours|Gregory of Tours]] and [[Wikipedia:Jordanes|Jordanes]]. This likely arose when the pronunciation of the ablative and accusative singulars merged, since the final ''-m'' of the accusative singular was no longer pronounced, even in the Classical era. But the accusative absolute is also found with plural nouns where the ablative and accusative are not similar in pronunciation. | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
Latest revision as of 10:22, 13 December 2018
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The accusative absolute is a grammatical construction found in some languages. It is an absolute construction found in the accusative case.
Greek
In ancient Greek, the accusative case is used adverbially with participles of impersonal verbs. It is similar in usage to the genitive absolute.[1] For example:
| συνδόξαν | τῷ | πατρὶ | καὶ | τῇ | μητρὶ | γαμεῖ | τὴν | Κυαξάρου | θυγατέρα |
| seeming good-acc | the-masc.dat.sg | father-dat | and | the-fem.dat.sg | mother-dat | marries | the-fem.acc.sg | Cyaxares-gen | daughter-acc |
| "It seeming good to his father and mother, he marries the daughter of Cyaxares." (Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.5.28) | |||||||||
German
In German, a noun phrase can be put in the accusative to indicate that the subject of the sentence has the property described.[2] For example:
| Neben | ihm | saß | der | dünnhaarige | Pianist, | den | Kopf | im | Nacken, | und | lauschte
. |
| next to | him | sat | the | thin-haired | pianist | the-masc.acc.sg | head | in the | neck | and | listened |
| "The thin-haired pianist, his head hanging (lit. his head in his neck), sat next to him and listened." | |||||||||||
Latin
The accusative absolute is sometimes found in place of the ablative absolute in the Latin of Late Antiquity as, for example, in the writings of Gregory of Tours and Jordanes. This likely arose when the pronunciation of the ablative and accusative singulars merged, since the final -m of the accusative singular was no longer pronounced, even in the Classical era. But the accusative absolute is also found with plural nouns where the ablative and accusative are not similar in pronunciation.
Sources
See also
| This article is part of a series on Grammar and Syntax. (Click to View) Grammar:
Syntax:
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Verb
