The wiki has recently been updated. Please contact me by talk page or email if you encounter any issues.

Old Albic: Difference between revisions

From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 27: Line 27:
As a courtesy, please do not make edits to this article while this message is displayed, in order to avoid [[Wikipedia:Edit conflict|edit conflicts]].  If you need to know who is working on the article and when the edit session began, please check the [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=history}} edit history][[Template:Inuse|.]]
As a courtesy, please do not make edits to this article while this message is displayed, in order to avoid [[Wikipedia:Edit conflict|edit conflicts]].  If you need to know who is working on the article and when the edit session began, please check the [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=history}} edit history][[Template:Inuse|.]]
</div>
</div>
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
The Old Albic consonant system consists of 18 consonant phonemes.  The language has labial, dental and velar ''stops'', voiceless and voiced: '''p''', '''t''', '''c'''; '''b''', '''d''', '''g'''. These stops have two allophones each: lenis when following a vowel, and fortis everywhere else. If a stop-initial word is phonetically linked to a vowel-final word, the initial stop is lenis. The so-called aspirates transcribed ph, th, ch evidently already were fricatives [f θ x] in Classical times.  But while they are phonetically fricatives, they phonemically behave like stops. This indicates that they were stops in an earlier stage of the language. (This is also evidenced by the fact that they correspond to stops in North and West Albic languages; a stop articulation is also described as occuring in some rural dialects of Old Albic.) The aspirate '''th''' is dental (like voiceless English ''th''), in contrast to the alveolar '''s'''. The two phonemes thus did not fall together; it is certainly due to the heavy functional load of the distinction between '''th''' and '''s''' (cf. 2nd vs. 3rd person pronouns and endings!) that the merger was avoided. Other ''fricatives'' are the sibilant '''s''' and the laryngeal '''h''', which are preserved unchanged except in clusters composed of '''*s''' and another consonant, wherein '''s''' is deleted and the following consonant, if a stop, changed into a homorganic aspirate: '''*sp''' > '''ph''', '''*st''' > '''th''', '''*sc''' > '''ch'''. The phoneme '''h''' occurs only before a vowel; in all other positions, it deletes and the preceding vowel is lengthened.
Sonorants are the nasals '''m''', '''n''', '''ñ''' (the latter being velar as in ''sing''), the liquids '''l''', '''r''' (the latter is an alveolar flap), and the semivowels '''j''' (like ''y'' in English ''yes'') and '''v''' (like English ''w'').
The full consonant inventory is thus as follows:
{|
|| ||Labial||Dental||Alveolar||Palatal||Velar||Glottal
|-
||Stops, voiceless||'''p'''||'''t'''|| || ||'''c'''||
|-
||Stops, voiced||'''b'''||'''d'''|| || ||'''g'''||
|-
||Fricatives||'''ph'''||'''th'''||'''s'''|| ||'''ch'''||'''h'''
|-
||Nasals||'''m'''||'''n'''|| || ||'''ñ'''||
|-
||Lateral|| || ||'''l'''|| || ||
|-
||Flap|| || ||'''r'''|| || ||
|-
||Semivowels||'''v'''|| || ||'''j'''|| ||
|}


==Sketch of Old Albic==
==Sketch of Old Albic==

Revision as of 13:20, 15 February 2006

Old Albic (Elbirin)
Spoken in: British Isles
Timeline/Universe: League of Lost Languages; UKW World
Total speakers: extinct
Genealogical classification: Albic

 South Albic
  Old Albic

Old Albic (native name Elbirin 'Elvish') is the oldest Albic language attested in writing. The oldest surviving text fragments date back to the 7th century BCE. Old Albic was the language of the British Elves prior to the Tartessan War and the Celtic takeover in Britain.

This article is currently undergoing a major edit.
The contents are incomplete and in need of elaboration and/or change!
As a courtesy, please do not make edits to this article while this message is displayed, in order to avoid edit conflicts. If you need to know who is working on the article and when the edit session began, please check the edit history.

Phonology

Consonants

The Old Albic consonant system consists of 18 consonant phonemes. The language has labial, dental and velar stops, voiceless and voiced: p, t, c; b, d, g. These stops have two allophones each: lenis when following a vowel, and fortis everywhere else. If a stop-initial word is phonetically linked to a vowel-final word, the initial stop is lenis. The so-called aspirates transcribed ph, th, ch evidently already were fricatives [f θ x] in Classical times. But while they are phonetically fricatives, they phonemically behave like stops. This indicates that they were stops in an earlier stage of the language. (This is also evidenced by the fact that they correspond to stops in North and West Albic languages; a stop articulation is also described as occuring in some rural dialects of Old Albic.) The aspirate th is dental (like voiceless English th), in contrast to the alveolar s. The two phonemes thus did not fall together; it is certainly due to the heavy functional load of the distinction between th and s (cf. 2nd vs. 3rd person pronouns and endings!) that the merger was avoided. Other fricatives are the sibilant s and the laryngeal h, which are preserved unchanged except in clusters composed of *s and another consonant, wherein s is deleted and the following consonant, if a stop, changed into a homorganic aspirate: *sp > ph, *st > th, *sc > ch. The phoneme h occurs only before a vowel; in all other positions, it deletes and the preceding vowel is lengthened.

Sonorants are the nasals m, n, ñ (the latter being velar as in sing), the liquids l, r (the latter is an alveolar flap), and the semivowels j (like y in English yes) and v (like English w).

The full consonant inventory is thus as follows:

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Stops, voiceless p t c
Stops, voiced b d g
Fricatives ph th s ch h
Nasals m n ñ
Lateral l
Flap r
Semivowels v j


Sketch of Old Albic

I posted this sketch of Old Albic on June 21, 2004, to the CONLANG mailing list. (This sketch is partly outdated; I have made a few minor changes since then. Stay tuned for updates.)

Selected Conlang mailing list articles on Old Albic

Old Albic texts

Retrieved from "http://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Old_Albic&oldid=6790"