Ejective/Inventories: Difference between revisions
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Feel free to add your conlangs, as long as you keep them separate from the natlangs in some fashion! | Feel free to add your conlangs, as long as you keep them separate from the natlangs in some fashion! | ||
==Main table== | |||
{| class="wikitable" width="900" | {| class="wikitable" width="900" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! <small>no /pʼ/</small> | ! <small>no /pʼ/</small> | ||
| /tʼ kʼ/ | | (/tʼ kʼ/?) | ||
| /tʼ kʼ kʷʼ/ (suggested for [[wikipedia:glottalic theory|glottalic]] [[PIE]]) | | /tʼ kʼ kʷʼ/ (suggested for [[wikipedia:glottalic theory|glottalic]] [[PIE]]) | ||
/tʼ kʼ qʼ/ ''(examples?)''<br/> | /tʼ kʼ qʼ/ ''(examples?)''<br/> | ||
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! rowspan="2"| 2 coronals | ! rowspan="2"| 2 coronals | ||
! <small>/pʼ/</small> | ! <small>/pʼ/</small> | ||
| {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ/}} ''(examples?)'' | | {{IPA|/pʼ pʷʼ t̪ʼ tʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Venda language|Venda]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tʃʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Kawésqar language|Kawésqar]], [[wikipedia:Kiowa language|Kiowa]], [[wikipedia:Maidu language|Maidu]], [[wikipedia:Oromo language|Oromo]], [[wikipedia:Vilela language|Vilela]]) | {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ/}} ''(examples?)''<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tʃʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Kawésqar language|Kawésqar]], [[wikipedia:Kiowa language|Kiowa]], [[wikipedia:Maidu language|Maidu]], [[wikipedia:Oromo language|Oromo]], [[wikipedia:Vilela language|Vilela]], [[wikipedia:Wolaytta language|Wolaytta]]) | |||
| {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ''(examples?)''<br/> | | {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ''(examples?)''<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Maka language|Maka]])<br/> | {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Maka language|Maka]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Taos language|Taos]], [[wikipedia:Yurok language|Yurok]])<br/> | {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Taos language|Taos]], [[wikipedia:Yurok language|Yurok]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tʃʼ kʼ kxʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Zulu language|Zulu]])<br/> | {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tʃʼ kʼ kxʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Zulu language|Zulu]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Atsugewi language|Atsugewi]], [[wikipedia:Aymara language|Aymara]], [[wikipedia:Itelmen language|Itelmen]], [[wikipedia:Quechua languages|Quechua]]) | {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Atsugewi language|Atsugewi]], [[wikipedia:Aymara language|Aymara]], [[wikipedia:Itelmen language|Itelmen]], [[wikipedia:Klamath language|Klamath]], [[wikipedia:Quechua languages|Quechua]], [[wikipedia:Tehuelche language|Tehuelche]]) | ||
| {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ kʷʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Coast Salish language|Coast Salish]]) | | {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ kʷʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Coast Salish language|Coast Salish]]) | ||
| {{IPA|/pʼ tsʼ tɬʼ kʼ kʷʼ qχʼ qχʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Lillooet language|Lillooet]])<br/> | | {{IPA|/pʼ tsʼ tɬʼ kʼ kʷʼ qχʼ qχʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Lillooet language|Lillooet]])<br/> | ||
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| {{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ kʼ/}} (reconstructed [[wikipedia:Akkadian language|Akkadian]])<br/> | | {{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ kʼ/}} (reconstructed [[wikipedia:Akkadian language|Akkadian]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/tʼ tʃʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Selti language|Selti]])<br/> | {{IPA|/tʼ tʃʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Selti language|Selti]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Tz'utujil language|Tz'utujil]])<br/> | |||
{{IPA|/tsʼ tɬʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Sandawe language|Sandawe]]) | {{IPA|/tsʼ tɬʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Sandawe language|Sandawe]]) | ||
| {{IPA|/tʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Blin language|Blin]])<br/> | | {{IPA|/tʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Blin language|Blin]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Mpade language|Mpade]]) | {{IPA|/tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Mpade language|Mpade]], [[wikipedia:Zuni language|Zuni]]) | ||
| | | {{IPA|/tʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʲʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Inor language|Inor]]) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2"| 3 coronals | ! rowspan="2"| 3 coronals | ||
! <small>/pʼ/</small> | ! <small>/pʼ/</small> | ||
| {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Amharic language|Amharic]], [[wikipedia:Shasta language|Shasta]], [[wikipedia: | | {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Amharic language|Amharic]], [[wikipedia:Shasta language|Shasta]], [[wikipedia:Takelma language|Takelma]], [[wikipedia:Tzeltal language|Tzeltal]] (+etc. Mayan))<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ ʈʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Valley Yokuts|Valley Yokuts]])<br/> | {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ ʈʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Valley Yokuts|Valley Yokuts]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/pʼ tʼ sʼ tʃʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Shabo language|Shabo]]) | {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ sʼ tʃʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Shabo language|Shabo]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/pʼ tʼ sʼ tɕʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Chara language|Chara]]) | |||
| {{IPA|/pʼ t̪ʼ sʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]])<br/> | | {{IPA|/pʼ t̪ʼ sʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Ossetian language|Ossetian]])<br/> | {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Ossetian language|Ossetian]])<br/> | ||
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| {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Chipaya language|Chipaya]])<br/> | | {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Chipaya language|Chipaya]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ ʡʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Dargwa language|Dargwa]]) | {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ ʡʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Dargwa language|Dargwa]]) | ||
| {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ kʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Nuxálk language|Nuxálk]]) | | {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ kʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Nez Perce language|Nez Perce]], [[wikipedia:Nuxálk language|Nuxálk]]) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>no /pʼ/</small> | ! <small>no /pʼ/</small> | ||
| {{IPA|/t̪ʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Trumai language|Trumai]])<br/> | | {{IPA|/t̪ʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Trumai language|Trumai]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/t̪ʼ sʼ tʃʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Tigre language|Tigre]])<br/> | {{IPA|/t̪ʼ sʼ tʃʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Tigre language|Tigre]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Otomi language|Otomi]]) | {{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Caddo language|Caddo]], [[wikipedia:Otomi language|Otomi]]) | ||
| {{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ kʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Haida language|Haida]], [[wikipedia:Koyukon language|Koyukon]])<br/> | | {{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ kʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Haida language|Haida]], [[wikipedia:Koyukon language|Koyukon]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:K'iche' language|K'iche']])<br/> | {{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:K'iche' language|K'iche']])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/tʼ sʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Xamtanga language|Xamtanga]])<br/> | {{IPA|/tʼ sʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Xamtanga language|Xamtanga]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Kw'adza language|Kw'adza]]) | |||
| {{IPA|/tʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʲʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Chaha language|Chaha]])<br/> | | {{IPA|/tʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʲʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Chaha language|Chaha]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/tsʼ tɬʼ cʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Hausa language|Hausa]]) | {{IPA|/tsʼ tɬʼ cʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Hausa language|Hausa]]) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2"| 4 coronals | ! rowspan="2"| 4 coronals | ||
! <small>/pʼ/</small> | ! <small>/pʼ/</small> | ||
| {{IPA|/pʼ t̪ʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Wappo language|Wappo]])<br/> | | {{IPA|/pʼ t̪ʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Southern Pomo language|Southern Pomo]], [[wikipedia:Wappo language|Wappo]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Sesotho language|Sesotho]])<br/> | {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Sesotho language|Sesotho]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ tʂʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Bench language|Bench]]) | {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ tʂʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Bench language|Bench]]) | ||
| {{IPA|/pʼ t̪ʼ sʼ tʃʼ ʃʼ kʼ χʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Lakota language|Lakota]])<br/> | | {{IPA|/pʼ t̪ʼ sʼ tʃʼ ʃʼ kʼ χʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Lakota language|Lakota]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Hanis language|Hanis]], [[wikipedia:Hunzib language|Hunzib]], [[wikipedia:Tsez language|Tsez]])<br/> | {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Hanis language|Hanis]], [[wikipedia:Hunzib language|Hunzib]], [[wikipedia:Tsez language|Tsez]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tʲʼ tʃʼ kʼ kxʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Xhosa language|Xhosa]])<br/> | {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tʲʼ tʃʼ kʼ kxʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Xhosa language|Xhosa]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ tʃːʼ kʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Udi language|Udi]])<br/> | |||
{{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ tʃʷʼ kʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Tabasaran language|Tabasaran]]) | {{IPA|/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ tʃʷʼ kʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Tabasaran language|Tabasaran]]) | ||
| {{IPA|/pʼ tθʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Halkomelem language|Halkomelem]])<br/> | | {{IPA|/pʼ tθʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Halkomelem language|Halkomelem]])<br/> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! <small>no /pʼ/</small> | ! <small>no /pʼ/</small> | ||
| {{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Navajo language|Navajo]]) | | {{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Navajo language|Navajo]] + other South Athabaskan) | ||
| {{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ sʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Mazahua language|Mazahua]])<br/> | | {{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ sʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Mazahua language|Mazahua]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Sekani language|Sekani]])<br/> | {{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Sekani language|Sekani]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Dena'ina language|Dena'ina]], [[wikipedia:Eyak language|Eyak]])<br/> | {{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Dena'ina language|Dena'ina]], [[wikipedia:Eyak language|Eyak]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ tʂʼ kʼ kʲʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Mam language|Mam]]) | {{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ tʂʼ kʼ kʲʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Mam language|Mam]])<br/> | ||
| | {{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ tʂʼ kʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Akatek language|Akatek]]) | ||
| | | {{IPA|/tθʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ qʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Tahltan language|Tahltan]])<br/> | ||
| {{IPA|/tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Tillamook language|Tillamook]]) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2"| 5 coronals | ! rowspan="2"| 5 coronals | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! <small>no /pʼ/</small> | ! <small>no /pʼ/</small> | ||
| {{IPA|/tθʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ tʂʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Hän language|Hän]]) | | {{IPA|/tθʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ tʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Gwich'in language|Gwich'in]])<br/> | ||
{{IPA|/tθʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ tʂʼ kʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Hän language|Hän]]) | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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==Systems with stop/fric contrasts== | ==Systems with stop/fric contrasts== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ [[wikipedia:Chiwere language|Chiwere]] | |||
|- | |||
! plosive | |||
| pʼ || tʼ || tʃʼ || kʼ | |||
|- | |||
! fricative | |||
| || θʼ || sʼ || xʼ | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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==North Caucasian 2ndary articulation batfuckery== | ==North Caucasian 2ndary articulation batfuckery== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ [[wikipedia:Lak language|Lak]] | |||
! plain | |||
| pʼ || tʼ || tsʼ || tʃʼ || kʼ || qʼ | |||
|- | |||
! labzd | |||
| || || || tʃʷʼ || kʷʼ || qʷʼ | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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* {{IPA|/pʼ fʼ tʼ tsʼ ɬʼ ɕʼ kʼ kʲʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Kabardian language|Kabardian]]) | * {{IPA|/pʼ fʼ tʼ tsʼ ɬʼ ɕʼ kʼ kʲʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ/}} ([[wikipedia:Kabardian language|Kabardian]]) | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ [[wikipedia:Akhvakh language|Akhvakh]] | |||
|- | |||
! plain | |||
| pʼ || tʼ || tsʼ || tɬʼ || tʃʼ || kʼ || qχʼ | |||
|- | |||
! tense | |||
| || || tsːʼ || tɬːʼ || tʃːʼ || kːʼ || qχːʼ | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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! tense | ! tense | ||
| || || tsːʼ || tʃːʼ || || || qːʼ || qːˤʼ | | || || tsːʼ || tʃːʼ || || || qːʼ || qːˤʼ | ||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ [[wikipedia:Tsakhur language|Tsakhur]] | |||
|- | |||
! plain | |||
| pʼ || tʼ || tsʼ || tʃʼ || kʼ || qʼ | |||
|- | |||
! palzd | |||
| || tʲʼ || tsʲʼ || || kʲʼ || | |||
|- | |||
! labzd | |||
| || tʷʼ || tsʷʼ || tʃʷʼ || kʷʼ || qʷʼ | |||
|- | |||
! pharzd | |||
| || || || || || qˤʼ | |||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 11:31, 22 May 2012
Feel free to add your conlangs, as long as you keep them separate from the natlangs in some fashion!
Main table
1 dorsal | 2 dorsals | 3 dorsals | 4 dorsals | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 coronal | /pʼ/ | /pʼ tʼ kʼ/ (Nisenan, Waimoa) | /pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ/ (examples?) | ||
no /pʼ/ | (/tʼ kʼ/?) | /tʼ kʼ kʷʼ/ (suggested for glottalic PIE)
/tʼ kʼ qʼ/ (examples?) | |||
2 coronals | /pʼ/ | /pʼ pʷʼ t̪ʼ tʼ kʼ/ (Venda) /pʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ/ (examples?) |
/pʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ kʷʼ/ (examples?) /pʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ qʼ/ (Maka) |
/pʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ kʷʼ qʼ/ (Coast Salish) | /pʼ tsʼ tɬʼ kʼ kʷʼ qχʼ qχʷʼ/ (Lillooet) /pʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ/ (Shuswap) |
no /pʼ/ | /tʼ tsʼ kʼ/ (reconstructed Akkadian) /tʼ tʃʼ kʼ/ (Selti) |
/tʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/ (Blin) |
/tʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʲʼ kʷʼ/ (Inor) | ||
3 coronals | /pʼ/ | /pʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ/ (Amharic, Shasta, Takelma, Tzeltal (+etc. Mayan)) /pʼ tʼ tsʼ ʈʼ kʼ/ (Valley Yokuts) |
/pʼ t̪ʼ sʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/ (Tigrinya) /pʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/ (Ossetian) |
/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ/ (Chipaya) /pʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ ʡʼ/ (Dargwa) |
/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ kʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ/ (Nez Perce, Nuxálk) |
no /pʼ/ | /t̪ʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ/ (Trumai) |
/tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ kʼ qʼ/ (Haida, Koyukon) /tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ/ (K'iche') |
/tʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʲʼ kʷʼ/ (Chaha) /tsʼ tɬʼ cʼ kʼ kʷʼ/ (Hausa) |
||
4 coronals | /pʼ/ | /pʼ t̪ʼ tʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ/ (Southern Pomo, Wappo) /pʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ/ (Sesotho) |
/pʼ t̪ʼ sʼ tʃʼ ʃʼ kʼ χʼ/ (Lakota) /pʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ/ (Hanis, Hunzib, Tsez) |
/pʼ tθʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ/ (Halkomelem) /pʼ tʼ tːʼ tsʼ tʃʼ kʼ qʼ qːʼ/ (Bats) |
/pʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ/ (Quileute, Umatilla) |
no /pʼ/ | /tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ/ (Navajo + other South Athabaskan) | /tʼ tsʼ sʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/ (Mazahua) /tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/ (Sekani) |
/tθʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ qʼ/ (Tahltan) |
/tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ/ (Tillamook) | |
5 coronals | /pʼ/ | /pʼ t̪ʼ tʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ kʼ kʷʼ/ (Dahalo) |
/pʼ tθʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ/ (Saanich) (Lezgian, see below) | ||
no /pʼ/ | /tθʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ/ (Slavey) | /tθʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ/ (Chipewyan) | /t̪ʼ ts̪ʼ ts̱ˤʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ/ (Chilcotin) | ||
6 coronals | /pʼ/ | ||||
no /pʼ/ | /tθʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ tʼ kʼ/ (Gwich'in) /tθʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ tʂʼ kʼ/ (Hän) |
Systems with stop/fric contrasts
plosive | pʼ | tʼ | tʃʼ | kʼ |
---|---|---|---|---|
fricative | θʼ | sʼ | xʼ |
plosive | pʼ | tʼ | tsʼ | tʃʼ | kʼ | qʼ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
fricative | sʼ | ʃʼ | xʼ |
(3 coronal + 2 dorsal POAs)
plosive | tʼ | tsʼ | tɬʼ | tʃʼ | kʼ | kʷʼ | qʼ | qʷʼ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
fricative | sʼ | ɬʼ | xʼ | xʷʼ | χʼ | χʷʼ |
(4 coronal + 4 dorsal POAs)
North Caucasian 2ndary articulation batfuckery
plain | pʼ | tʼ | tsʼ | tʃʼ | kʼ | qʼ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
labzd | tʃʷʼ | kʷʼ | qʷʼ |
plain | pʼ | tʼ | tsʼ | tʃʼ | kʼ | qʼ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
labzd | tʷʼ | tsʷʼ | kʷʼ | qʷʼ |
- /pʼ fʼ tʼ tsʼ ɬʼ ɕʼ kʼ kʲʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ/ (Kabardian)
plain | pʼ | tʼ | tsʼ | tɬʼ | tʃʼ | kʼ | qχʼ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
tense | tsːʼ | tɬːʼ | tʃːʼ | kːʼ | qχːʼ |
plain | pʼ | tʼ | tsʼ | tʃʼ | kʼ | kʟ̝̊ʼ | qʼ | qˤʼ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
labzd | tsʷʼ | tʃʷʼ | kʷʼ | kʟ̝̊ʷʼ | qʷʼ | qˤʷʼ | ||
tense | tsːʼ | tʃːʼ | qːʼ | qːˤʼ |
plain | pʼ | tʼ | tsʼ | tʃʼ | kʼ | qʼ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
palzd | tʲʼ | tsʲʼ | kʲʼ | |||
labzd | tʷʼ | tsʷʼ | tʃʷʼ | kʷʼ | qʷʼ | |
pharzd | qˤʼ |
plain | pʼ | tʼ | tsʼ | tʃʼ | tʂʼ | kʼ | qʼ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
palzd | tɕʼ | kʲʼ | qʲʼ | ||||
lab(pal)zd | tʷʼ | tɕʷʼ | kʷʼ | qʷʼ |
For Ubykh, add to this a lateral /ɬʼ/ and three pharyngealized consonants /pˤʼ qˤʼ qˤʷʼ/.