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These are left out only when the object itself inflects for gender and number - this is completely up to the speaker, and is sometimes used for emphasis. | These are left out only when the object itself inflects for gender and number - this is completely up to the speaker, and is sometimes used for emphasis. This causes problems when the object is a null morpheme, taking null suffixes. | ||
Revision as of 14:43, 8 March 2012
| Jålisk Jāsen | |
| Spoken in: | Jåland |
| Timeline/Universe: | Modern timeline Alternate Earth |
| Total speakers: | ~700.000 native speakers |
| Writing system: | Modified Latin alphabet, rarely Norrlandish Runic |
| Genealogical classification: | Unclassified (Norrlandish?) |
| Typology | |
| Basic word order: | VOS |
| Morphological type: | Agglutinating/Polysynthetic |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | ... |
| Conlang details | |
| Status: | Stub |
| Lexicon size: | 0 |
| Created by: | |
| Jurgen Wattmann, 2012-present | |
Jāsen is a language spoken in the Scytheland (Jåland) of the northern reaches of the Kingdom of Danemark.
It is extremely agglutinating, even countable as polysynthetic.
It is part of the Norrland Sprachbund of languages.
As of 1971, Jāsen is the most spoken Norrlandish language still spoken in Norrland.
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-Alveolar | Prevelar | Postvelar | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p~ɸ (p) |
b~β (b) |
p̪~f (f) |
b̪~v (v) |
t (t) | d (d) | ʈʂ (č) | k (k) | q (q) | |||||
| Fricative | θ (þ) | ð (ð) | s (s) | z (z) | ʃ~ʂ (š) | ʒ~ʐ (ž) | x (ch) | ɣ (j) | χ (h) | |||||
| Nasal | m̥ (hm) | m (m) | ɱ̊ (mf/fm) | ɱ (mv/vm) | n̥ (hn) | n (n) | ŋ̊ (nk/kn) | ŋ (ng/gn) | ɴ̥ (hnq) | ɴ (hng) | ||||
| Approximant | w (w) | r (r) | ʎ (y) | ʟ (l) | ||||||||||
Vowels
| Front | Near front | Central | Near back | Back | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i (i) | i: (ī) | ɨ (e) | ɨ: (ē) | u (u) | |||||
| Near-close | ||||||||||
| Close-mid | ||||||||||
| Mid | ɛ: (oe) | ɔ (o) | ɔː (ō) | |||||||
| Open-mid | ||||||||||
| Near-open | ɜ (ä) | |||||||||
| Open | ɑ (a) | ɑː (ā) | ||||||||
Morphophonological Processes
Morphophonemical processes occur in Jāsen, controlling its words and their forms.
Crasis
Jāsen has a simple crasis system, that applies to every vowel combination except those that are with /ɔ(:)/ (with one exception to the exception). Crasis essentially works like this:
- Two vowels of the same quality, regardless of length, when coming together, collapse into an equivalent long vowel (|ɑɑ|>[ɑ:])
- Two vowels of a differing quality, regardless of length, when neither is /ɔ(:)/, always collapse into a long vowel with the quality of the second
- When /ɔ(:)/ occurs before /ɨ(:)/, they collapse into /ɛ:/
- Elsewhere, the combinations are retained.
Sonorification
Jāsen has a process of sonorification, carrying a change of /s z/ > /r/ (Jāsen > Jāris). It is a morphological process, and therefore classically unpredictable by phonological processes.
Other
There are certain other changes in Jāsen, that do not fit into the general regular pattern. They are exclusively morphological, and occur with the numerous morphosyntactical constructions in the language. The most notable ones are the "Fleeting vocalisation" and the numerous "Fleeting spirants".
Grammar
This is where the basic grammar of Jāsen is, involving morphology, syntax, pragmatics and other topics.
Typology
Jāsen is like every Norrlandish language known, except for Kula Īsen, very agglutinating. It is also usually considered polysynthetic, although it fails to live up to certain criteria.
Nominal
Nominal.
Verbal
Basics
Each verb has at its core a stem to inflect, that carries the word's basic meaning. The stem can be of any size. Roots being stems must always be CVC. Verbs are inflected by adding prefixes and suffixes.
Object Agreement
Each verb in Jāsen has two obligatory object agreement markers, carrying number and gender.
| Template | ||
|---|---|---|
| 0 | +1 | +2 |
| ROOT | -NUMBR | -GENDR |
These suffixes are (almost) always attached to the verb, even though sometimes they're not as obvious.
| Number | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singulative | Dual | Plurative | ||
Gender |
Animate | -ōm | -ōsē | -ō |
| Feminine | -m | -sē | - | |
| Liquid | -ehng | -eqqē | -eq | |
These are left out only when the object itself inflects for gender and number - this is completely up to the speaker, and is sometimes used for emphasis. This causes problems when the object is a null morpheme, taking null suffixes.
