Mansi: Difference between revisions
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==Proto-Mansi== | ==Proto-Mansi== | ||
Vowels: nominally *i *ü *u *ä *a ±length, also *ëë *o (-- is there really any short *ë?), so coverable as a cubic system distinguishing only [±close], [±front], [±labial] (with *ë treated as [+close]). In practice the inventory would've not been quite that neat as short *ä *ü *u may've been [e ø o], * | Vowels: nominally *i *ü *u *ä *a ±length, also *ëë *o (-- is there really any short *ë?), so coverable as a cubic system distinguishing only [±close], [±front], [±labial] (with *ë treated as [+close]). In practice the inventory would've not been quite that neat as short *ä *ü *u may've been [e ø o], long *i *u [eː oː]. | ||
(Transcription notes: now *ee rather than *ii.) | |||
Consonants: *m *n *ń *-ŋ-, *p *t *ć *k, *s *š *-ɣ-, *w *l *ĺ *j, *r | Consonants: *m *n *ń *-ŋ-, *p *t *ć *k, *s *š *-ɣ-, *w *l *ĺ *j, *r | ||
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** *ś → *š seems to be regular before PU *i *e: *śilmä #śEni *śečä (or *čečä?) *śepä *śe/êkä *śêðäm #śêrV, EU *śêli | ** *ś → *š seems to be regular before PU *i *e: *śilmä #śEni *śečä (or *čečä?) *śepä *śe/êkä *śêðäm #śêrV, EU *śêli | ||
** not in *śe(x)rV → *sir | ** not in *śe(x)rV → *sir | ||
** also cases of irregular *ä → *i: *śälä- → *šil- (but: *śäkśi → *siɣəs) | ** also cases of irregular *ä → *i: *śälä- → *šil- (but: *śäkśi → *siɣəs; assimilation?) | ||
** II loans: #śasra → #šaatər, *śëta → *šɤɤt, *śorBa → *šaarp (but *śëlka → *sɤɤl) | ** II loans: #śasra → #šaatər, *śëta → *šɤɤt, *śorBa → *šaarp (but *śëlka → *sɤɤl) | ||
** not normally before *ë *ä *ü: *śëxmi *śo/ëðka *śëla- *śäŋki *śäxi *śüðʲi *śülki-. NB late /ü/ in *šiɣ → Tavda /süw/ !? | ** not normally before *ë *ä *ü: *śëxmi *śo/ëðka *śëla- *śäŋki *śäxi *śüðʲi *śülki-. NB late /ü/ in *šiɣ → Tavda /süw/ !? | ||
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** *üü, *ü → y (short!) | ** *üü, *ü → y (short!) | ||
** *uu → [uo] (perhaps in part a retention from POU) | ** *uu → [uo] (perhaps in part a retention from POU) | ||
** *ii → [ | ** *ii → [eː] / _r<!--/jeer- keer- keer- keer/-->, [i] / _Ct<!--/tilt- pišt-/-->, [iː] elsewhere | ||
** *ë *u *ä → ʌ o ɛ | ** *ë *u *ä → ʌ o ɛ | ||
** *ɣ → j / ë_, → k / C_, → w elsewhere <!--/mäwəl mäwəńť- näwrää ńüw- ńäwl- püw päwl- süw säw täw- täwl wäw/, /lëjəl räj sëjlaa wëjl-/--> | ** *ɣ → j / ë_, → k / C_, → w elsewhere <!--/mäwəl mäwəńť- näwrää ńüw- ńäwl- püw päwl- süw säw täw- täwl wäw/, /lëjəl räj sëjlaa wëjl-/--> | ||
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**'''North Mansi''' (Upper Lozva, Sosva, Sygva) | **'''North Mansi''' (Upper Lozva, Sosva, Sygva) | ||
*** *ëë *ää → ɑː, *ä → ɑ, *a → o | *** *ëë *ää → ɑː, *ä → ɑ, *a → o | ||
*** *Sɣ → Sː / _V# <!--*këëškə *šošGa--> | |||
*** *k → x / _B | *** *k → x / _B | ||
*** *š → s (Sosva) | *** *š → s (Sosva) | ||
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*** *öä → oa (??) (except North Vagilsk) | *** *öä → oa (??) (except North Vagilsk) | ||
*** *ëë → ɤː | *** *ëë → ɤː | ||
*** *Sɣ → Sː <!--*këëškə *ošG- *pëëska *pëësG- *risG- *šäšG-əm *äšG- *kunš-Gəj --> | |||
*** Pelymka: *a → o, ŋ → ŋk / _ś, _l (elsewhere?) | *** Pelymka: *a → o, ŋ → ŋk / _ś, _l (elsewhere?) | ||
[[Category: Natlangs]] | [[Category: Natlangs]] |
Revision as of 07:07, 17 February 2012
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Proto-Mansi
Vowels: nominally *i *ü *u *ä *a ±length, also *ëë *o (-- is there really any short *ë?), so coverable as a cubic system distinguishing only [±close], [±front], [±labial] (with *ë treated as [+close]). In practice the inventory would've not been quite that neat as short *ä *ü *u may've been [e ø o], long *i *u [eː oː].
(Transcription notes: now *ee rather than *ii.)
Consonants: *m *n *ń *-ŋ-, *p *t *ć *k, *s *š *-ɣ-, *w *l *ĺ *j, *r
- Not sure if labiovelars existed at this stage
- *š represent both PU *č, and under certain conditions PU *ś.
- *ś → *š seems to be regular before PU *i *e: *śilmä #śEni *śečä (or *čečä?) *śepä *śe/êkä *śêðäm #śêrV, EU *śêli
- not in *śe(x)rV → *sir
- also cases of irregular *ä → *i: *śälä- → *šil- (but: *śäkśi → *siɣəs; assimilation?)
- II loans: #śasra → #šaatər, *śëta → *šɤɤt, *śorBa → *šaarp (but *śëlka → *sɤɤl)
- not normally before *ë *ä *ü: *śëxmi *śo/ëðka *śëla- *śäŋki *śäxi *śüðʲi *śülki-. NB late /ü/ in *šiɣ → Tavda /süw/ !?
- also *śuðʲa → *šaĺ, *śa/ora → *šuur-, *śopa → #šop, #śona → #šon, Ug. *soŋki → *šuum; F. sampi ~ *šupəɣ, H. záp, szőr ~ *#šaapəl, *šäär
- related? *sexji → *säj (but *sewi- → *tii-)
Dialectal developments
(cf. Honti, Kálmán, Sammallahti '88)
- Tavda (South Mansi)
- *ëë → ʌː
- → eː / _[+palatal]
- *üü, *ü → y (short!)
- *uu → [uo] (perhaps in part a retention from POU)
- *ii → [eː] / _r, [i] / _Ct, [iː] elsewhere
- *ë *u *ä → ʌ o ɛ
- *ɣ → j / ë_, → k / C_, → w elsewhere
- *i → ü / _w_
- *ow → oː / _C (but not *uw!)
- vowel harmony, thematic verbs
- *ëë → ʌː
- Core Mansi
- *ü → (ʷ)ä (velars labialized)
- *ä *ää → ø øæ; separate æ æː remain (also from PMs *e *ee?)
- *aa → [oː] (except Sosva [uo])
- *ii → [ie] (except North [eː])
- *ć → ś
- Konda (aka East Mansi; Upper, Mid, Lo subdialects)
- *o *a → oa (yes, merged, lengthened and difthongized)
- *u → o
- Upper Konda: *ëë → ɑː (elsewhere ɤː)
- *k → x / _B (some dial.)
- *š → s (some dial.)
- *-əɣ → -iː
- North Mansi (Upper Lozva, Sosva, Sygva)
- *ëë *ää → ɑː, *ä → ɑ, *a → o
- *Sɣ → Sː / _V#
- *k → x / _B
- *š → s (Sosva)
- West Mansi (Pelymka, Mid/Lo Lozva, Vagilsk)
- *öä → oa (??) (except North Vagilsk)
- *ëë → ɤː
- *Sɣ → Sː
- Pelymka: *a → o, ŋ → ŋk / _ś, _l (elsewhere?)