Mansi: Difference between revisions

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==Proto-Mansi==
==Proto-Mansi==
Vowels: nominally *i *ü *u *ä *a ±length, also *ëë *o (-- is there really any short *ë?), so coverable as a cubic system distinguishing only [±close], [±front], [±labial] (with *ë treated as [+close]). In practice the inventory would've not been quite that neat as short *ä *ü *u may've been [e ø o], *ii *uu [eː oː].
Vowels: nominally *i *ü *u *ä *a ±length, also *ëë *o (-- is there really any short *ë?), so coverable as a cubic system distinguishing only [±close], [±front], [±labial] (with *ë treated as [+close]). In practice the inventory would've not been quite that neat as short *ä *ü *u may've been [e ø o], long *i *u [eː oː].
 
(Transcription notes: now *ee rather than *ii.)


Consonants: *m *n *ń *-ŋ-, *p *t *ć *k, *s *š *-ɣ-, *w *l *ĺ *j, *r
Consonants: *m *n *ń *-ŋ-, *p *t *ć *k, *s *š *-ɣ-, *w *l *ĺ *j, *r
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** *ś → *š seems to be regular before PU *i *e: *śilmä #śEni *śečä (or *čečä?) *śepä *śe/êkä *śêðäm #śêrV, EU *śêli
** *ś → *š seems to be regular before PU *i *e: *śilmä #śEni *śečä (or *čečä?) *śepä *śe/êkä *śêðäm #śêrV, EU *śêli
** not in *śe(x)rV → *sir
** not in *śe(x)rV → *sir
** also cases of irregular *ä → *i: *śälä- → *šil- (but: *śäkśi → *siɣəs)
** also cases of irregular *ä → *i: *śälä- → *šil- (but: *śäkśi → *siɣəs; assimilation?)
** II loans: #śasra → #šaatər, *śëta → *šɤɤt, *śorBa → *šaarp (but *śëlka → *sɤɤl)  
** II loans: #śasra → #šaatər, *śëta → *šɤɤt, *śorBa → *šaarp (but *śëlka → *sɤɤl)  
** not normally before *ë *ä *ü: *śëxmi *śo/ëðka *śëla- *śäŋki *śäxi *śüðʲi *śülki-. NB late /ü/ in *šiɣ → Tavda /süw/ !?
** not normally before *ë *ä *ü: *śëxmi *śo/ëðka *śëla- *śäŋki *śäxi *śüðʲi *śülki-. NB late /ü/ in *šiɣ → Tavda /süw/ !?
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** *üü, *ü → y (short!)
** *üü, *ü → y (short!)
** *uu → [uo] (perhaps in part a retention from POU)
** *uu → [uo] (perhaps in part a retention from POU)
** *ii → []; → [] / _r
** *ii → [] / _r<!--/jeer- keer- keer- keer/-->, [i] / _Ct<!--/tilt- pišt-/-->, [iː] elsewhere
** *ë *u *ä → ʌ o ɛ
** *ë *u *ä → ʌ o ɛ
** *ɣ → j / ë_, → k / C_, → w elsewhere <!--/mäwəl mäwəńť- näwrää ńüw- ńäwl- püw päwl- süw säw täw- täwl wäw/, /lëjəl räj sëjlaa wëjl-/-->
** *ɣ → j / ë_, → k / C_, → w elsewhere <!--/mäwəl mäwəńť- näwrää ńüw- ńäwl- püw päwl- süw säw täw- täwl wäw/, /lëjəl räj sëjlaa wëjl-/-->
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**'''North Mansi''' (Upper Lozva, Sosva, Sygva)
**'''North Mansi''' (Upper Lozva, Sosva, Sygva)
*** *ëë *ää → ɑː, *ä → ɑ, *a → o
*** *ëë *ää → ɑː, *ä → ɑ, *a → o
*** *Sɣ → Sː / _V# <!--*këëškə *šošGa-->
*** *k → x / _B
*** *k → x / _B
*** *š → s (Sosva)
*** *š → s (Sosva)
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*** *öä → oa (??) (except North Vagilsk)
*** *öä → oa (??) (except North Vagilsk)
*** *ëë → ɤː
*** *ëë → ɤː
*** *Sɣ → Sː <!--*këëškə *ošG- *pëëska *pëësG- *risG- *šäšG-əm *äšG- *kunš-Gəj -->
*** Pelymka: *a → o, ŋ → ŋk / _ś, _l (elsewhere?)
*** Pelymka: *a → o, ŋ → ŋk / _ś, _l (elsewhere?)


[[Category: Natlangs]]
[[Category: Natlangs]]

Revision as of 07:07, 17 February 2012

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Proto-Mansi

Vowels: nominally *i *ü *u *ä *a ±length, also *ëë *o (-- is there really any short *ë?), so coverable as a cubic system distinguishing only [±close], [±front], [±labial] (with *ë treated as [+close]). In practice the inventory would've not been quite that neat as short *ä *ü *u may've been [e ø o], long *i *u [eː oː].

(Transcription notes: now *ee rather than *ii.)

Consonants: *m *n *ń *-ŋ-, *p *t *ć *k, *s *š *-ɣ-, *w *l *ĺ *j, *r

  • Not sure if labiovelars existed at this stage
  • *š represent both PU *č, and under certain conditions PU *ś.
    • *ś → *š seems to be regular before PU *i *e: *śilmä #śEni *śečä (or *čečä?) *śepä *śe/êkä *śêðäm #śêrV, EU *śêli
    • not in *śe(x)rV → *sir
    • also cases of irregular *ä → *i: *śälä- → *šil- (but: *śäkśi → *siɣəs; assimilation?)
    • II loans: #śasra → #šaatər, *śëta → *šɤɤt, *śorBa → *šaarp (but *śëlka → *sɤɤl)
    • not normally before *ë *ä *ü: *śëxmi *śo/ëðka *śëla- *śäŋki *śäxi *śüðʲi *śülki-. NB late /ü/ in *šiɣ → Tavda /süw/ !?
    • also *śuðʲa → *šaĺ, *śa/ora → *šuur-, *śopa → #šop, #śona → #šon, Ug. *soŋki → *šuum; F. sampi ~ *šupəɣ, H. záp, szőr ~ *#šaapəl, *šäär
    • related? *sexji → *säj (but *sewi- → *tii-)

Dialectal developments

(cf. Honti, Kálmán, Sammallahti '88)

  • Tavda (South Mansi)
    • *ëë → ʌː
      • → eː / _[+palatal]
    • *üü, *ü → y (short!)
    • *uu → [uo] (perhaps in part a retention from POU)
    • *ii → [eː] / _r, [i] / _Ct, [iː] elsewhere
    • *ë *u *ä → ʌ o ɛ
    • *ɣ → j / ë_, → k / C_, → w elsewhere
    • *i → ü / _w_
    • *ow → oː / _C (but not *uw!)
    • vowel harmony, thematic verbs
  • Core Mansi
    • *ü → (ʷ)ä (velars labialized)
    • *ä *ää → ø øæ; separate æ æː remain (also from PMs *e *ee?)
    • *aa → [oː] (except Sosva [uo])
    • *ii → [ie] (except North [eː])
    • *ć → ś
    • Konda (aka East Mansi; Upper, Mid, Lo subdialects)
      • *o *a → oa (yes, merged, lengthened and difthongized)
      • *u → o
      • Upper Konda: *ëë → ɑː (elsewhere ɤː)
      • *k → x / _B (some dial.)
      • *š → s (some dial.)
      • *-əɣ → -iː
    • North Mansi (Upper Lozva, Sosva, Sygva)
      • *ëë *ää → ɑː, *ä → ɑ, *a → o
      • *Sɣ → Sː / _V#
      • *k → x / _B
      • *š → s (Sosva)
    • West Mansi (Pelymka, Mid/Lo Lozva, Vagilsk)
      • *öä → oa (??) (except North Vagilsk)
      • *ëë → ɤː
      • *Sɣ → Sː
      • Pelymka: *a → o, ŋ → ŋk / _ś, _l (elsewhere?)