Middle Nyángar: Difference between revisions
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!colspan=5 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Phoneme ||colspan=5 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Grapheme | !colspan=5 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Phoneme ||colspan=5 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Grapheme | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| ɑ || || || || || a | |style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| ɑ || || || || || a, ä | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| i || || || || || i, ie | |style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| i || || || || || i, ï ie | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| u || || || || || o, u | |style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| u || || || || || o, u, ü | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| ɑ: || || || || || ai, oe | |style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| ɑ: || || || || || ai, oe | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| i: || || || || || e, ee, ui | |style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| i: || || || || || e, ë, ee, ui | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| u: || || || || || iu, ue | |style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| u: || || || || || iu, ue | ||
Line 135: | Line 135: | ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| æu || || || || || eu, ou | |style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| æu || || || || || eu, ou | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| øy || || || || || o, eo | |style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| øy || || || || || o, ö, eo | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| ɑ:e || || || || || ei, í | |style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| ɑ:e || || || || || ae, ei, í | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| æ:u || || || || || á, io, ou, oou | |style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"| æ:u || || || || || á, io, ou, oou |
Revision as of 07:37, 23 March 2011
Phonology
Phonemes
Consonants
Middle Nyángar contrasts 28 different consonant sounds:
Consonants | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bilabial | Labiodent. | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||||||||
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||||||||
Nasal Geminate | m: | n: | ŋ: | |||||||||||||
Plosive | p | b | t | d | g | q | ʔ | |||||||||
Plosive Geminate | g: | |||||||||||||||
Ejective | tʼ | qʼ | ||||||||||||||
Implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ||||||||||||||
Fricative | ɸ | v | s̺ | s̻ | ʁ | |||||||||||
Fricative Geminate | s̺: | |||||||||||||||
Lateral Fricative | ɬ | |||||||||||||||
Lateral Approximant | l | |||||||||||||||
Approximant | w | j |
Vowels
Despite the moderate consonant inventory, the language only contrasts 3 vowel qualities, also contrasting short and long quantities.
Vowels | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Front | Central | Back | ||||||||
Close | i(:) | u(:) | ||||||||
Open | a(:) |
There are also 3 diphthongs, each with a corresponding long diphthong:
/ɑe æu øy/ and /ɑ:e æ:u ø:y/
Orthography
Middle Nyángar uses a modified version of the Latin alphabet in writing. It is a somewhat deep orthography, that is, there is no one-to-one correspondence between phoneme and grapheme. Here are the phonemes again with their corresponding graphemes.
Consonants | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phoneme | Grapheme | ||||||||
m | m | ||||||||
n | n | ||||||||
ŋ | ng | ||||||||
m: | m | ||||||||
n: | n | ||||||||
ŋ: | ng | ||||||||
p | p, ph | ||||||||
b | b | ||||||||
t | t | ||||||||
d | d | ||||||||
g | g | ||||||||
q | c, k | ||||||||
ʔ | h | ||||||||
g: | g | ||||||||
t' | t, th | ||||||||
q' | c, k, kh | ||||||||
ɓ | b | ||||||||
ɗ | d | ||||||||
ɸ | f | ||||||||
v | v | ||||||||
s̺ | s | ||||||||
s̻ | z | ||||||||
ʁ | r | ||||||||
s̺ | s | ||||||||
ɬ | l, lh | ||||||||
l | l | ||||||||
w | w | ||||||||
j | j |
Vowels | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phoneme | Grapheme | ||||||||
ɑ | a, ä | ||||||||
i | i, ï ie | ||||||||
u | o, u, ü | ||||||||
ɑ: | ai, oe | ||||||||
i: | e, ë, ee, ui | ||||||||
u: | iu, ue | ||||||||
ɑe | ia, í | ||||||||
æu | eu, ou | ||||||||
øy | o, ö, eo | ||||||||
ɑ:e | ae, ei, í | ||||||||
æ:u | á, io, ou, oou | ||||||||
ø:y | á, ou, oou, ú |