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User:Masako/nkala: Difference between revisions

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Line 7: Line 7:
* adjective - ''adj''
* adjective - ''adj''
* adverb - ''adv''
* adverb - ''adv''
* affix - ''aff''
* first person - ''1''
* first person - ''1''
* nominative - ''nom''
* nominative - ''nom''
* number - ''num''
* object - ''obj''
* object - ''obj''
* particle - ''ptc''
* prefix - ''pre''
* preposition - ''prep''
* preposition - ''prep''
* pronoun - ''pn''
* pronoun - ''pn''
* second person - ''2''
* second person - ''2''
* subject - ''sub''
* subject - ''sub''
* suffix - ''suf''
* third person - ''3''
* third person - ''3''
* verb - ''v''
* verb - ''v''
Line 56: Line 61:
: ''place 2s go INT''
: ''place 2s go INT''
: Where are you going?
: Where are you going?
* '''nam tsala ina'ik'''
: ''2p sauce eat.past.neg''
: We did not eat the sauce.


----
----
Line 71: Line 80:
= t =
= t =


* '''tsala''' - sauce / paste
* '''tsala''' - ''n'' - sauce / paste
* '''tsai''' - tea
* '''tsai''' - ''n'' - tea
* '''tsa'u''' - six
* '''tsa'u''' - ''num'' - six
* '''tsuku''' - blue
* '''tsuku''' - ''adj/n'' - blue
* '''ta''' - ''pn'' - 2s.NOM
* '''ta''' - ''pn'' - 2s.NOM
* '''tam''' - ''pn'' - 2p.NOM
* '''tam''' - ''pn'' - 2p.NOM
Line 80: Line 89:
* '''tami''' - ''pn'' - 2p.POSS/REFL
* '''tami''' - ''pn'' - 2p.POSS/REFL
* '''tanku''' - ''pn'' - 2p.RECP
* '''tanku''' - ''pn'' - 2p.RECP
* '''ta'u''' - two
* '''ta'u''' - ''num'' - two
* '''ti'u''' - thousand
* '''ti'u''' - ''num'' - thousand
* '''tulunku''' - orange
* '''tulunku''' - ''adj/n'' - orange


= k =
= k =


* '''ka'u''' - seven
* '''-k''' - ''suf'' - negative suffix [affixed to verbs and nouns]
* '''kisipu''' - silver
* '''ka'u''' - ''num'' - seven
* '''kutsu''' - flesh / meat
* '''kala''' - ''v'' - to speak, talk, say | utter
* '''ku'ia''' - green
* '''kisipu''' - ''adj/n'' - silver
* '''kia''' - ''ptc'' - command particle / jussive [precedes verb]
* '''ku''' - ''n/ptc/suf'' - person
* '''kutsu''' - ''n'' - flesh / meat
* '''ku'ia''' - ''adj/n'' - green


= m =
= m =
Line 106: Line 119:
* '''nami''' - ''pn'' - 1p.POSS/REFL
* '''nami''' - ''pn'' - 1p.POSS/REFL
* '''nanku''' - ''pn'' - 1p.RECP
* '''nanku''' - ''pn'' - 1p.RECP
* '''na'u''' - one
* '''na'u''' - ''num'' - one
* '''nia'i''' - white
* '''nia'i''' - ''adj/n'' - white
* '''ni'u''' - hundred
* '''ni'u''' - ''num'' - hundred
* '''niuma''' - rice / grain / seed
* '''niuma''' - rice / grain / seed


= s =
= s =


* '''sakana''' - fish
* '''sakana''' - ''n'' - fish
* '''sa'iu''' - 19 days / "month"
* '''sa'iu''' - ''n'' - 19 days / "month"
* '''sa'u''' - nine
* '''sa'u''' - ''num'' - nine
* '''supuku''' - gray
* '''supuku''' - ''adj/n'' - gray


= l =
= l =
Line 125: Line 138:
* '''lami''' - ''pn'' - 3p.POSS/REFL
* '''lami''' - ''pn'' - 3p.POSS/REFL
* '''lanku''' - ''pn'' - 3p.RECP
* '''lanku''' - ''pn'' - 3p.RECP
* '''la'u''' - three
* '''la'u''' - ''num'' - three
* '''li'u''' - 10^4
* '''li'u''' - ''num'' - 10^4


= a =
= a =


* '''atana''' - body / corpse / cadaver / anatomy / physique
* '''atana''' - ''n'' - body / corpse / cadaver / anatomy / physique
* '''akai''' - red
* '''akai''' - ''adj/n'' - red
* '''ama''' - time / era
* '''ama''' - ''n'' - time / era
* '''ana''' - head / skull / mind
* '''ana''' - ''n'' - head / skull / mind
* '''ania''' - eye / to see, look
* '''ania''' - ''n'' - eye / to see, look
* '''aniu''' - year / 365 or 366 days
* '''aniu''' - ''n'' - year / 365 or 366 days
* '''anu''' - ear / to hear, listen
* '''anu''' - ''n'' - ear / to hear, listen
* '''alani''' - gold [color]
* '''alani''' - ''adj/n'' - gold [color]
* '''aita''' - ''pn'' - 2s.ACC
* '''aita''' - ''pn'' - 2s.ACC
* '''aitam''' - ''pn'' - 2p.ACC
* '''aitam''' - ''pn'' - 2p.ACC
Line 144: Line 157:
* '''aila''' - ''pn'' - 3s.ACC
* '''aila''' - ''pn'' - 3s.ACC
* '''ailam''' - ''pn'' - 3p.ACC
* '''ailam''' - ''pn'' - 3p.ACC
* '''a'u''' - zero / nothing
* '''a'u''' - ''num'' - zero / nothing


= i =
= i =


* '''ina''' - food / to eat
* '''ina''' - ''n/v'' - food / to eat
* '''ilila''' - purple / violet / indigo
* '''ilila''' - ''adj/n'' - purple / violet / indigo
* '''iana''' - yellow
* '''iana''' - ''adj/n'' - yellow
* '''ia'u''' - five
* '''ia'u''' - ''num'' - five
* '''iuma''' - day
* '''iuma''' - ''n'' - day


= u =
= u =

Revision as of 18:22, 13 October 2010

  • Nkala

abbreviations / notation used

  • absolutive - abs
  • accusative - acc
  • adjective - adj
  • adverb - adv
  • affix - aff
  • first person - 1
  • nominative - nom
  • number - num
  • object - obj
  • particle - ptc
  • prefix - pre
  • preposition - prep
  • pronoun - pn
  • second person - 2
  • subject - sub
  • suffix - suf
  • third person - 3
  • verb - v

grammar

word order

  • (sub) - (obj) - (v)
  • (sub) - (v)
  • (sub) - (prep) - (obj) - (v)

sounds

consonants

  • p - /p~b/ | mp - /mp~mb/
  • t - /t~d/ | nt - /nt~nd/
  • k - /k~g/ | nk - /nk~N/
  • m - /m/
  • n - /n/
  • s - /s~S/ | ts - /ts~tS/
  • l - /l~r/ | tl - /tl~tK/

vowels

  • a - /a~a:/ | ai - /aI:/ | au - /aU:/
  • i - /i~i:/ | ia - /ja:/ | iau - /jaU:/ | iu - /ju:/
  • u - /u~u:/ | ua - /wa:/ | uai - /waI:/

syllable structure

  • (C)V
  • Note - The apostrophe ( ' ) is used to separate vowel groups and is not pronounced.

phrases

  • iata'a - hello / hi / greetings
  • mu ta iala ka
place 2s go INT
Where are you going?
  • nam tsala ina'ik
2p sauce eat.past.neg
We did not eat the sauce.


p t k m n s l a i u

p

  • -pa - suf - abilitative mood/aspect
  • patu - n - duck [aquatic avian]
  • palu - n - cane / staff / stick
  • pa'u - num - eight
  • pu'ia - n - color / hue / shade / pigment

t

  • tsala - n - sauce / paste
  • tsai - n - tea
  • tsa'u - num - six
  • tsuku - adj/n - blue
  • ta - pn - 2s.NOM
  • tam - pn - 2p.NOM
  • tai - pn - 2s.POSS/REFL
  • tami - pn - 2p.POSS/REFL
  • tanku - pn - 2p.RECP
  • ta'u - num - two
  • ti'u - num - thousand
  • tulunku - adj/n - orange

k

  • -k - suf - negative suffix [affixed to verbs and nouns]
  • ka'u - num - seven
  • kala - v - to speak, talk, say | utter
  • kisipu - adj/n - silver
  • kia - ptc - command particle / jussive [precedes verb]
  • ku - n/ptc/suf - person
  • kutsu - n - flesh / meat
  • ku'ia - adj/n - green

m

  • matla - n - stew / soup / porridge
  • maka - n/v - music / song / to play music
  • malu - adj/n - brown / tan
  • ma'u - num - four
  • mi'u - num - 10^5

n

  • na - pn - 1s.NOM
  • nam - pn - 1p.NOM
  • nai - pn - 1s.POSS/REFL
  • nami - pn - 1p.POSS/REFL
  • nanku - pn - 1p.RECP
  • na'u - num - one
  • nia'i - adj/n - white
  • ni'u - num - hundred
  • niuma - rice / grain / seed

s

  • sakana - n - fish
  • sa'iu - n - 19 days / "month"
  • sa'u - num - nine
  • supuku - adj/n - gray

l

  • la - pn - 3s.NOM
  • lam - pn - 3p.NOM
  • lai - pn - 3s.POSS/REFL
  • lami - pn - 3p.POSS/REFL
  • lanku - pn - 3p.RECP
  • la'u - num - three
  • li'u - num - 10^4

a

  • atana - n - body / corpse / cadaver / anatomy / physique
  • akai - adj/n - red
  • ama - n - time / era
  • ana - n - head / skull / mind
  • ania - n - eye / to see, look
  • aniu - n - year / 365 or 366 days
  • anu - n - ear / to hear, listen
  • alani - adj/n - gold [color]
  • aita - pn - 2s.ACC
  • aitam - pn - 2p.ACC
  • aina - pn - 1s.ACC
  • ainam - pn - 1p.ACC
  • aila - pn - 3s.ACC
  • ailam - pn - 3p.ACC
  • a'u - num - zero / nothing

i

  • ina - n/v - food / to eat
  • ilila - adj/n - purple / violet / indigo
  • iana - adj/n - yellow
  • ia'u - num - five
  • iuma - n - day

u

  • utsuma - n - grape
  • ulutu - adj/n - pink
  • u'ia - adj/n - black
  • ua'u - num - ten