User:Masako/nkala: Difference between revisions
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| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
* adjective - ''adj'' | * adjective - ''adj'' | ||
* adverb - ''adv'' | * adverb - ''adv'' | ||
* affix - ''aff'' | |||
* first person - ''1'' | * first person - ''1'' | ||
* nominative - ''nom'' | * nominative - ''nom'' | ||
* number - ''num'' | |||
* object - ''obj'' | * object - ''obj'' | ||
* particle - ''ptc'' | |||
* prefix - ''pre'' | |||
* preposition - ''prep'' | * preposition - ''prep'' | ||
* pronoun - ''pn'' | * pronoun - ''pn'' | ||
* second person - ''2'' | * second person - ''2'' | ||
* subject - ''sub'' | * subject - ''sub'' | ||
* suffix - ''suf'' | |||
* third person - ''3'' | * third person - ''3'' | ||
* verb - ''v'' | * verb - ''v'' | ||
| Line 56: | Line 61: | ||
: ''place 2s go INT'' | : ''place 2s go INT'' | ||
: Where are you going? | : Where are you going? | ||
* '''nam tsala ina'ik''' | |||
: ''2p sauce eat.past.neg'' | |||
: We did not eat the sauce. | |||
---- | ---- | ||
| Line 71: | Line 80: | ||
= t = | = t = | ||
* '''tsala''' - sauce / paste | * '''tsala''' - ''n'' - sauce / paste | ||
* '''tsai''' - tea | * '''tsai''' - ''n'' - tea | ||
* '''tsa'u''' - six | * '''tsa'u''' - ''num'' - six | ||
* '''tsuku''' - blue | * '''tsuku''' - ''adj/n'' - blue | ||
* '''ta''' - ''pn'' - 2s.NOM | * '''ta''' - ''pn'' - 2s.NOM | ||
* '''tam''' - ''pn'' - 2p.NOM | * '''tam''' - ''pn'' - 2p.NOM | ||
| Line 80: | Line 89: | ||
* '''tami''' - ''pn'' - 2p.POSS/REFL | * '''tami''' - ''pn'' - 2p.POSS/REFL | ||
* '''tanku''' - ''pn'' - 2p.RECP | * '''tanku''' - ''pn'' - 2p.RECP | ||
* '''ta'u''' - two | * '''ta'u''' - ''num'' - two | ||
* '''ti'u''' - thousand | * '''ti'u''' - ''num'' - thousand | ||
* '''tulunku''' - orange | * '''tulunku''' - ''adj/n'' - orange | ||
= k = | = k = | ||
* '''ka'u''' - seven | * '''-k''' - ''suf'' - negative suffix [affixed to verbs and nouns] | ||
* '''kisipu''' - silver | * '''ka'u''' - ''num'' - seven | ||
* '''kutsu''' - flesh / meat | * '''kala''' - ''v'' - to speak, talk, say | utter | ||
* '''ku'ia''' - green | * '''kisipu''' - ''adj/n'' - silver | ||
* '''kia''' - ''ptc'' - command particle / jussive [precedes verb] | |||
* '''ku''' - ''n/ptc/suf'' - person | |||
* '''kutsu''' - ''n'' - flesh / meat | |||
* '''ku'ia''' - ''adj/n'' - green | |||
= m = | = m = | ||
| Line 106: | Line 119: | ||
* '''nami''' - ''pn'' - 1p.POSS/REFL | * '''nami''' - ''pn'' - 1p.POSS/REFL | ||
* '''nanku''' - ''pn'' - 1p.RECP | * '''nanku''' - ''pn'' - 1p.RECP | ||
* '''na'u''' - one | * '''na'u''' - ''num'' - one | ||
* '''nia'i''' - white | * '''nia'i''' - ''adj/n'' - white | ||
* '''ni'u''' - hundred | * '''ni'u''' - ''num'' - hundred | ||
* '''niuma''' - rice / grain / seed | * '''niuma''' - rice / grain / seed | ||
= s = | = s = | ||
* '''sakana''' - fish | * '''sakana''' - ''n'' - fish | ||
* '''sa'iu''' - 19 days / "month" | * '''sa'iu''' - ''n'' - 19 days / "month" | ||
* '''sa'u''' - nine | * '''sa'u''' - ''num'' - nine | ||
* '''supuku''' - gray | * '''supuku''' - ''adj/n'' - gray | ||
= l = | = l = | ||
| Line 125: | Line 138: | ||
* '''lami''' - ''pn'' - 3p.POSS/REFL | * '''lami''' - ''pn'' - 3p.POSS/REFL | ||
* '''lanku''' - ''pn'' - 3p.RECP | * '''lanku''' - ''pn'' - 3p.RECP | ||
* '''la'u''' - three | * '''la'u''' - ''num'' - three | ||
* '''li'u''' - 10^4 | * '''li'u''' - ''num'' - 10^4 | ||
= a = | = a = | ||
* '''atana''' - body / corpse / cadaver / anatomy / physique | * '''atana''' - ''n'' - body / corpse / cadaver / anatomy / physique | ||
* '''akai''' - red | * '''akai''' - ''adj/n'' - red | ||
* '''ama''' - time / era | * '''ama''' - ''n'' - time / era | ||
* '''ana''' - head / skull / mind | * '''ana''' - ''n'' - head / skull / mind | ||
* '''ania''' - eye / to see, look | * '''ania''' - ''n'' - eye / to see, look | ||
* '''aniu''' - year / 365 or 366 days | * '''aniu''' - ''n'' - year / 365 or 366 days | ||
* '''anu''' - ear / to hear, listen | * '''anu''' - ''n'' - ear / to hear, listen | ||
* '''alani''' - gold [color] | * '''alani''' - ''adj/n'' - gold [color] | ||
* '''aita''' - ''pn'' - 2s.ACC | * '''aita''' - ''pn'' - 2s.ACC | ||
* '''aitam''' - ''pn'' - 2p.ACC | * '''aitam''' - ''pn'' - 2p.ACC | ||
| Line 144: | Line 157: | ||
* '''aila''' - ''pn'' - 3s.ACC | * '''aila''' - ''pn'' - 3s.ACC | ||
* '''ailam''' - ''pn'' - 3p.ACC | * '''ailam''' - ''pn'' - 3p.ACC | ||
* '''a'u''' - zero / nothing | * '''a'u''' - ''num'' - zero / nothing | ||
= i = | = i = | ||
* '''ina''' - food / to eat | * '''ina''' - ''n/v'' - food / to eat | ||
* '''ilila''' - purple / violet / indigo | * '''ilila''' - ''adj/n'' - purple / violet / indigo | ||
* '''iana''' - yellow | * '''iana''' - ''adj/n'' - yellow | ||
* '''ia'u''' - five | * '''ia'u''' - ''num'' - five | ||
* '''iuma''' - day | * '''iuma''' - ''n'' - day | ||
= u = | = u = | ||
Revision as of 17:22, 13 October 2010
- Nkala
abbreviations / notation used
- absolutive - abs
- accusative - acc
- adjective - adj
- adverb - adv
- affix - aff
- first person - 1
- nominative - nom
- number - num
- object - obj
- particle - ptc
- prefix - pre
- preposition - prep
- pronoun - pn
- second person - 2
- subject - sub
- suffix - suf
- third person - 3
- verb - v
grammar
word order
- (sub) - (obj) - (v)
- (sub) - (v)
- (sub) - (prep) - (obj) - (v)
sounds
consonants
- p - /p~b/ | mp - /mp~mb/
- t - /t~d/ | nt - /nt~nd/
- k - /k~g/ | nk - /nk~N/
- m - /m/
- n - /n/
- s - /s~S/ | ts - /ts~tS/
- l - /l~r/ | tl - /tl~tK/
vowels
- a - /a~a:/ | ai - /aI:/ | au - /aU:/
- i - /i~i:/ | ia - /ja:/ | iau - /jaU:/ | iu - /ju:/
- u - /u~u:/ | ua - /wa:/ | uai - /waI:/
syllable structure
- (C)V
- Note - The apostrophe ( ' ) is used to separate vowel groups and is not pronounced.
phrases
- iata'a - hello / hi / greetings
- mu ta iala ka
- place 2s go INT
- Where are you going?
- nam tsala ina'ik
- 2p sauce eat.past.neg
- We did not eat the sauce.
p
- -pa - suf - abilitative mood/aspect
- patu - n - duck [aquatic avian]
- palu - n - cane / staff / stick
- pa'u - num - eight
- pu'ia - n - color / hue / shade / pigment
t
- tsala - n - sauce / paste
- tsai - n - tea
- tsa'u - num - six
- tsuku - adj/n - blue
- ta - pn - 2s.NOM
- tam - pn - 2p.NOM
- tai - pn - 2s.POSS/REFL
- tami - pn - 2p.POSS/REFL
- tanku - pn - 2p.RECP
- ta'u - num - two
- ti'u - num - thousand
- tulunku - adj/n - orange
k
- -k - suf - negative suffix [affixed to verbs and nouns]
- ka'u - num - seven
- kala - v - to speak, talk, say | utter
- kisipu - adj/n - silver
- kia - ptc - command particle / jussive [precedes verb]
- ku - n/ptc/suf - person
- kutsu - n - flesh / meat
- ku'ia - adj/n - green
m
- matla - n - stew / soup / porridge
- maka - n/v - music / song / to play music
- malu - adj/n - brown / tan
- ma'u - num - four
- mi'u - num - 10^5
n
- na - pn - 1s.NOM
- nam - pn - 1p.NOM
- nai - pn - 1s.POSS/REFL
- nami - pn - 1p.POSS/REFL
- nanku - pn - 1p.RECP
- na'u - num - one
- nia'i - adj/n - white
- ni'u - num - hundred
- niuma - rice / grain / seed
s
- sakana - n - fish
- sa'iu - n - 19 days / "month"
- sa'u - num - nine
- supuku - adj/n - gray
l
- la - pn - 3s.NOM
- lam - pn - 3p.NOM
- lai - pn - 3s.POSS/REFL
- lami - pn - 3p.POSS/REFL
- lanku - pn - 3p.RECP
- la'u - num - three
- li'u - num - 10^4
a
- atana - n - body / corpse / cadaver / anatomy / physique
- akai - adj/n - red
- ama - n - time / era
- ana - n - head / skull / mind
- ania - n - eye / to see, look
- aniu - n - year / 365 or 366 days
- anu - n - ear / to hear, listen
- alani - adj/n - gold [color]
- aita - pn - 2s.ACC
- aitam - pn - 2p.ACC
- aina - pn - 1s.ACC
- ainam - pn - 1p.ACC
- aila - pn - 3s.ACC
- ailam - pn - 3p.ACC
- a'u - num - zero / nothing
i
- ina - n/v - food / to eat
- ilila - adj/n - purple / violet / indigo
- iana - adj/n - yellow
- ia'u - num - five
- iuma - n - day
u
- utsuma - n - grape
- ulutu - adj/n - pink
- u'ia - adj/n - black
- ua'u - num - ten
