Nordaþ noun cases

Nordaþ uses 49 different noun inflections. There are 22 cases named in English - the rest are formed with affixed postpositions. As how in English prepositions can become adverbs, so too can affixed postpositions in Nordaþ. The singular neuter form is always taken and the suffix "lïïs" is attached to it. As an adverb, it stands alone.

Nordaþ language
Pronunciation Writing system Grammar Determiners Nouns Cases Affixes Pronouns Adjectives Verbs

Named cases

There are 31 named cases in Nordaþ. This section describes them in detail as well as gives samples.

Abessive

The abessive case marks "without". It is the opposite of the comitative/sociative case. It is applied as follows:

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	anmï	änme
Singular Masculine	anma	änma
Singular Neuter	anmïï	änmi
Plural (Neuter)	anmïn	änmen

Ablative

The ablative case marks "from off of". It is applied as follows:

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	altï	älte
Singular Masculine	alta	ältä
Singular Neuter	altïï	älti
Plural (Neuter)	altïn	älten

Accusative

The accusative case marks the direct object of a verb. If there is a preceeding ï in front of this suffix, it is eliminated (but only for the back-vowel form). It is applied as follows:

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	ïïtï	eite
Singular Masculine	ïïta	eitä
Singular Neuter	ïïtïï	eiti
Plural (Neuter)	ïïtïn	eiten

Addesive

The addessive case replaces the preposition "on". It is applied as follows:

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	anï	äne
Singular Masculine	ana	änä
Singular Neuter	anïï	äni
Plural (Neuter)	anïn	änen

Allative

The allative case replaces in many languages what is the preposition for "onto". It is attached to the noun as follows:

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	antï	änte
Singular Masculine	anta	äntä
Singular Neuter	antïï	änti
Plural (Neuter)	antïn	änten

Causal

The causal case marks "because of". If there is a preceeding 'f' in front of this suffix, that letter will be dropped.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	frumï	fryme
Singular Masculine	fruma	frymä
Singular Neuter	frumïï	frymi
Plural (Neuter)	frumïn	frymen

Causal-Final

The causal-final case marks "for" or "in order to have a".

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	ansï	änse
Singular Masculine	ansa	änsä
Singular Neuter	ansïï	änsi
Plural (Neuter)	ansïn	änsen

Comitative/Sociative

The comitative/sociative case replaces "with". It is the opposite of the abessive case. If there is an 'm' preceeding this suffix, it is dropped.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	mïdï	mide
Singular Masculine	mïda	midä
Singular Neuter	mïdïï	midi
Plural (Neuter)	mïdïn	miden

Dative

This case replaces the "to the" (direction) prepositional phrase.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	atï	äte
Singular Masculine	ata	ätä
Singular Neuter	atïï	äti
Plural (Neuter)	atïn	äten

Distributive

The distributive case is the equivalent of English's "per".

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	pïrï	pere
Singular Masculine	pïra	perä
Singular Neuter	pïrïï	peri
Plural (Neuter)	pïrïn	peren

Elative

Elative replaces the "out of" prepositional phrase in English. It is used as follows:

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	asafï	äsäfe
Singular Masculine	asafa	äsäfä
Singular Neuter	asafïï	äsäfi
Plural (Neuter)	asafïn	äsäfen

Essive

The essive case marks "as the", a temporary state of being.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	ïvï	ive
Singular Masculine	ïva	ivä
Singular Neuter	ïvïï	ivi
Plural (Neuter)	ïvïn	iven

Genitive

The genitive case marks possession. In English, it is usually "'s" or "of the".

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	ïsï	ise
Singular Masculine	ïsa	isä
Singular Neuter	ïsïï	isi
Plural (Neuter)	ïsïn	isen

Illative

The illative case replaces "into".

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	amï	äme
Singular Masculine	ama	ämä
Singular Neuter	amïï	ämi
Plural (Neuter)	amïn	ämen

Inessive

The inessive case marks "inside of".

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	ïnanï	inäne
Singular Masculine	ïnana	inänä
Singular Neuter	ïnanïï	inäni
Plural (Neuter)	ïnanïn	inänen

Instrumental

The instrumental case marks "by means of". This is not to be confused with "via", which means "by way of".

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	þairï	þaire
Singular Masculine	þaira	þairä
Singular Neuter	þairïï	þairi
Plural (Neuter)	þairïn	þairen

Lative

The lative case is used where English would use "towards".

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	andï	ände
Singular Masculine	anda	ändä
Singular Neuter	andïï	ändi
Plural (Neuter)	andïn	änden

Locative

The locative case is used where English would use "at".

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	aatï	ääte
Singular Masculine	aata	äätä
Singular Neuter	aatïï	ääti
Plural (Neuter)	aatïn	ääten

Nominative

The nominative case marks the subject of a verb.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	ï	e
Singular Masculine	a	ä
Singular Neuter	ïï	i
Plural (Neuter)	ïn	en

Prolative

The prolative case is used for "via" - by way of.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	vïï	vie
Singular Masculine	vïa	viä
Singular Neuter	vïï	vii
Plural (Neuter)	vïïn	vien

Prosecutive

The prosecutive case marks "along".

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	otï	yte
Singular Masculine	ota	ytä
Singular Neuter	otïï	yti
Plural (Neuter)	otïn	yten

Vocative

Vocative is used to address somebody without otherwise fitting their name into the sentence properly. It is perhaps best known in the Latin phrase, "Et tu, Brute?", wherein Brute is the vocative form, but Brutus the standard nominative.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	oï	ye
Singular Masculine	ota	yä
Singular Neuter	oïï	yi
Plural (Neuter)	oïn	yen

Postpositions

The untitled inflections are self-explanatory. They replace postpositions.

About

About is not used for "near", but as a descriptor.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	bï	be
Singular Masculine	bïa	biä
Singular Neuter	bïï	bi
Plural (Neuter)	bïn	ben

Above

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	ubï	ybe
Singular Masculine	uba	ybä
Singular Neuter	ubïï	ybi
Plural (Neuter)	ubïn	yben

Across

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	apï	äpe
Singular Masculine	apa	äpä
Singular Neuter	apïï	äpi
Plural (Neuter)	apïn	äpen

After

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	avï	äve
Singular Masculine	ava	ävä
Singular Neuter	avïï	ävi
Plural (Neuter)	avïn	även

Against

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	agï	äge
Singular Masculine	aga	ägä
Singular Neuter	agïï	ägi
Plural (Neuter)	agïn	ägen

Among

Preceeding m's are dropped.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	mangï	mänge
Singular Masculine	manga	mängä
Singular Neuter	mangïï	mängi
Plural (Neuter)	mangïn	mängen

Around

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	unbï	ynbe
Singular Masculine	unba	ynbä
Singular Neuter	unbïï	ynbi
Plural (Neuter)	unbïn	ynben

As

In the condition or role of. Preceeding g's are dropped.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	gïkï	geke
Singular Masculine	gïka	gekä
Singular Neuter	gïkïï	geki
Plural (Neuter)	gïkïn	geken

Before

Preceeding in time.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	airï	aire
Singular Masculine	aira	airä
Singular Neuter	airïï	airi
Plural (Neuter)	airïn	airen

Below

Preceeding d's are dropped.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	dïþï	deþe
Singular Masculine	dïþa	deþä
Singular Neuter	dïþïï	deþi
Plural (Neuter)	dïþïn	deþen

Beneath

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	afï	äfe
Singular Masculine	afa	äfä
Singular Neuter	afïï	äfi
Plural (Neuter)	afïn	äfen

Beside

Preceeding n's are dropped.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	nïkï	nike
Singular Masculine	nïka	nikä
Singular Neuter	nïkïï	niki
Plural (Neuter)	nïkïn	niken

Between

Preceeding t's are dropped.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	tïkï	tike
Singular Masculine	tïka	tikä
Singular Neuter	tïkïï	tiki
Plural (Neuter)	tïkïn	tiken

Beyond

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	ïþï	iþe
Singular Masculine	ïþa	iþä
Singular Neuter	ïþïï	iþi
Plural (Neuter)	ïþïn	iþen

Despite

Preceeding b's are dropped.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	baidï	baide
Singular Masculine	baida	baidä
Singular Neuter	baidïï	baidi
Plural (Neuter)	baidïn	baiden

During

Preceeding m's are dropped.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	mïþï	mïþe
Singular Masculine	mïþa	mïþä
Singular Neuter	mïþïï	mïþi
Plural (Neuter)	mïþïn	mïþen

For

Intended for.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	aivï	aive
Singular Masculine	aiva	aivä
Singular Neuter	aivïï	aivi
Plural (Neuter)	aivïn	aiven

For

On behalf of, concerning, or representing.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	jïnï	jene
Singular Masculine	jïna	jenä
Singular Neuter	jïnïï	jeni
Plural (Neuter)	jïnïn	jenen

For

In favour of.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	unï	yne
Singular Masculine	una	ynä
Singular Neuter	unïï	yni
Plural (Neuter)	unïn	ynen

For

Because of.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	danï	däne
Singular Masculine	dana	dänä
Singular Neuter	danïï	däni
Plural (Neuter)	danïn	dänen

For

In exchange for. Preceeding p's are dropped.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	prï	pre
Singular Masculine	pra	prä
Singular Neuter	prïï	pri
Plural (Neuter)	prïn	pren

For

Indicating distance.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	ïkï	ïke
Singular Masculine	ïka	ïkä
Singular Neuter	ïkïï	ïki
Plural (Neuter)	ïkïn	ïken

From

Preceeding f's are dropped.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	famï	fäme
Singular Masculine	fama	fämä
Singular Neuter	famïï	fämi
Plural (Neuter)	famïn	fämen

Outside

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	asï	äse
Singular Masculine	asa	äsä
Singular Neuter	asïï	äsi
Plural (Neuter)	asïn	äsen

Over

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	ïvï	ive
Singular Masculine	ïva	ivä
Singular Neuter	ïvïï	ivi
Plural (Neuter)	ïvïn	iven

Unlike

Preceeding v's are dropped.

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	vïrï	vere
Singular Masculine	vïra	virä
Singular Neuter	vïrïï	viri
Plural (Neuter)	vïrïn	viren

Up

Gender/Number	Back-Vowel	Front-Vowel
Singular Feminine	abï	äbe
Singular Masculine	aba	äbä
Singular Neuter	abïï	äbi
Plural (Neuter)	abïn	äben