Nother/Drake phonology: Difference between revisions
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m (correct pitch) |
(+ḳāneze) |
||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
Any vowel may also have creaky voice applied: /a̰ a̰ː ḛ ḭ ḭː o̰ ṵ ṵː/. | Any vowel may also have creaky voice applied: /a̰ a̰ː ḛ ḭ ḭː o̰ ṵ ṵː/. | ||
{| class="toccolours" | {| class="toccolours" style="font-size: 110%" | ||
!colspan=2|Examples | !colspan=2|Examples | ||
|- | |||
| /a/ || {{X|rtl=x|Drake|size=12|T|l|V}} || ''ṭalā'' || /θàlaː/ || "into" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| / | | /aː/ || {{X|rtl=x|Drake|size=12|x|V|n|z}} || ''ḳāneze'' || /xaːnèze/ || "three" | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 16:54, 16 February 2011
Vowels
Drake has a fairly standard set of vowel positions, /a e i o u/. The vowels /a i u/ may be short or long.
| Vowels | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Near-front | Central | Back | |||||||
| High | i iː | u uː | ||||||||
| High-mid | e | o | ||||||||
| Low | a aː | |||||||||
Any vowel may also have creaky voice applied: /a̰ a̰ː ḛ ḭ ḭː o̰ ṵ ṵː/.
| Examples | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /a/ |    |
ṭalā | /θàlaː/ | "into" |
| /aː/ |    |
ḳāneze | /xaːnèze/ | "three" |
Consonants
| Consonants | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alv. | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||||||||
| Plosive | t | d | k | g | ||||||||||||
| Fricative | θ | ð | s | z | ʃ | ʂ | ʐ | x | ɣ | h | ||||||
| Affricate | tʂ | dʐ | ||||||||||||||
| Approximants | j | |||||||||||||||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||||||||||||
| Lateral Approximant | l | |||||||||||||||
It's unclear how /ʃ/ manages to survive on its own (or if it actually does exist as a phoneme), and whether the retroflex series is actually supposed to be retroflex; they might, perhaps, be palatal, but all I'm certain of is that my notes explicitly state them to be at a different POA than /ʃ/. Many (all?) consonants may be geminated.
Accent
Drake has a pitch accent on the penultimate syllable (2R). When the penult is long, it is a circumflex or falling accent; when it is short, it is grave; in monosyllables with an accent the accent is acute.
