Proto-Uralic/U: Difference between revisions

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| *luta || *lotē || - || - || - || - || - || - || *jəčə
| *luta || *lotē || - || - || - || - || - || - || *jəčə
| *-t- or *-č-?
| *-t- or *-č-?
|-
| "wide"
| - || *komtē || - || *kʊmda || - || - || - || *komət || -
|-
|-
| "narrowing"
| "narrowing"
Line 81: Line 84:
| "spear"
| "spear"
|style="color:red"| '''*ota''' || - || - ||  ||  ||  || *aɣtaa || *ooɣət || -
|style="color:red"| '''*ota''' || - || - ||  ||  ||  || *aɣtaa || *ooɣət || -
|-
| "to call"
| *kuccu- || *koččō- || - || - || - || - || - || '''*kuuť-''' || -
|-
|-
| "male"
| "male"
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| *ulko- || *olkō- || - || - || K. ɨlɤ- || - || - || - || -
| *ulko- || *olkō- || - || - || K. ɨlɤ- || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "naughty"
| "lazy"
| *tuhma || *tosmē || - || - || K. dɨš || - || - || - || -
| *tuhma || *tosmē || - || - || K. dɨš || - || - || - || -
| ← Gmc *dusma "stupid"?
|-
| "hair, bundle"
| *tukka/u || - || - || ''#čuka'' || *čɨk- || - || - || - || -
| also cf. H. čuk- "to clog"
|-
|-
| "to rummage"
| "to rummage"
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|-
|-
| "cleft"
| "cleft"
| *kuru || - || - || - || K. '''guran''' || hor- || - || *koor || -
| *kuru/i- || - || - || *kʊrək || K. kɨr || hor- || - || *koor || -
| S. *kūrɤ ← F.
| S. *kūrɤ ← F. K. ''guran'' "hole" may not belong
|-
|-
| "(to) coff"
| "(to) coff"
| - || *kosɤ- || koz(o-) || - || *kɨz(ɨ)- || || || *koɬ- || *kot-
| - || *kosɤ- || koz(o-) || - || *kɨz(ɨ)- || - || - || *koɬ- || *kot-
|-
|-
| "10"
| "10"
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| ''*uuci'' || *oðɤ || od || ''*u'' || *vɨĺ || uuj || - || - || -
| ''*uuci'' || *oðɤ || od || ''*u'' || *vɨĺ || uuj || - || - || -
| F. length from *wu-?  
| F. length from *wu-?  
|-
| "to sharpen"
| - || *čokɤ- || śuvo- || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| ""
| ""
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| "ghost"
| "ghost"
| *huu || - || čo(v) || - || K. '''šɤn''' || - || *tɯɯw || *ɬuuŋk || -
| *huu || - || čo(v) || - || K. '''šɤn''' || - || *tɯɯw || *ɬuuŋk || -
|-
| "loon"
| - || *toktë-kë || - || *toktə || K. '''toktɨ''' || - || *tɯɯɣət || *taaɣtəŋ || -
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| Long (?)
! colspan="10"| Long (?)
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| *kuule- || *kūlɤ- || kuĺe- || *kola- || *kɨl- || hall- || *kaal- || *kåål- || -
| *kuule- || *kūlɤ- || kuĺe- || *kola- || *kɨl- || hall- || *kaal- || *kåål- || -
| Cf. Smy *kåw "ear"
| Cf. Smy *kåw "ear"
|-
| "6"
| *kuuci || *kūtɤ || koto || *kut || '''*kwat''' || hat || *kaat || *kuut || -
|-
|-
| "wind; feather"
| "wind; feather"
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| "to swim"
| "to swim"
| *uj- || '''*vōjɤ-''' || uje- || '''*iä-''' || '''*uuj-''' || uus- || ''*uj-'' || '''*uj-''' || *u-
| *uj- || '''*vōjɤ-''' || uje- || '''*iä-''' || '''*uuj-''' || uus- || ''*uj-'' || '''*uj-''' || *u-
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| Ms. ''*aa'' ~ Kh. ''*uu''
|-
| "6"
| '''*kuuci''' || '''*kūtɤ''' || koto || *kut || '''*kwat''' || hat || *kaat || *kuut || -
|-
| "to call"
| *kuccu- || *koččō- || - || - || - || - || - || *kuuť- || -
|-
| "herd of reindeer"
| - || *čorɤk || - || - || - || - ||style="color:green"| *šaar- || *suur || -
|-
| "eyebrows; temple"
| *kulma || - || - || - || - || - || - || *kuuĺəm || -
| S. *kūlmē ← F. Note *ĺ?!
|-
| "birch"
| - || - || - || - || *kɨdź || - ||style="color:green"| ''*kåš-'' || *kuuńć || -
| If not *a or something. F. ''*kaski'' may be ← IE *h₁es-
|-
| ""
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| ""
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| Bad
! colspan="10"| Bad
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| '''*paska''' || ''*pɤškɤ'' || *pəśkiźe- || *pʊškəða- || - || foš || *påć || *påť || -
| '''*paska''' || ''*pɤškɤ'' || *pəśkiźe- || *pʊškəða- || - || foš || *påć || *påť || -
| S. *o→ ɤ / p_
| S. *o→ ɤ / p_
|-
| "clump"
| *puŋka || ''*pūŋkē'' ||style="color:red"| pokoĺ || - || U. '''pog''' ~ K. '''bugɨĺ''' || '''bog''' || '''*paak''' || ''#pooŋkəḷ'' || -
|-
| "narrow, top"
| *suppa, F. ''suippu'' || ''*čūppɤ'', NS čoppe || - || - || '''*śoop-''', K. '''ćup''' || ''sup-'', ''čuup'' || - || - || -
|
|-
| "to cram"
| *cuŋki- || *coŋkɤ- ||style="color:red"| toŋgo- || '''*čʏŋɣər''' || K. čɨgəm ||style="color:red"| ''dug'' || - || - || -
| Variants *čuŋki-, *tuŋki-
|-
| "(to) dry"
| *kujva(-) || Lu. ''kuife'' || - || - || - || - || - || *kojəm- || -
|-
| "thin"
| *hupa || Er. čova ~ Mk. ''šuva(ńä)'' || - || - || - || šovaań || - || - || -
| *č-
|-
| "to speak"
|style="color:red"| *jutte- || - || jovta- || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| "to feel"
| *muja-, *muista-, Li. moistə- || - || muje- || *mooa- ||style="color:red"| ''*mååď-'' || - || ''mu(u)t-'' || *muuj- || -
| Rather *o
|-
|-
| ""
| ""
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| ""
| ""
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  
|}
|}

Revision as of 16:48, 12 June 2010

F. *u, S. & Mo. *o, Ma. *ʊ, P. *ɨ, H. o/uu, Kh. *oo / _C, *o / _CC

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
FSM *u_a, Ms. *å/a, Smy. *ə
"to plait" *puno- *ponē- pona- *pʊnə- *pɨn- fon- *pån- *poon- *pən-
"facing down" *kumo/a- *komō- koma- *kʊmə- *kɨm- hom- *kåm- *koom- *kəmə-
"egg" *muna *monē mona *mʊnə - moń *man *moon *mənå
"to squeeze" *puserta- *počē- - *pʊnćə- *pɨdźɨrt- fačar- *pås- *poosər- -
"to melt, molten" *sula(-) - sola(-) *šʊlə- *sɨl(-) ol(vad) *talaa- *ɬoɬaa- -
"to extinguish" *kus-tu- *kopsē- - *kus- - - *kopəɬ- *kəptå-
"feather" *sulka *tolkē tolga - *tɨl(ɨ) toll *tåwəl *toɣəɬ - Cf. *tuxli
"crook'd" *kura, *kurja - - - *kɨr- - - *kor *kərå -rj- fits Kh. better
"land" *muta *moðē moda - - - - - *məjå
"to become happy" F. muju? *mojē- - - - - - - *məjə-
"stream" *voo *uvē ~ *ɤvē - - - - *åw- *ooɣ- -
"to hang" - *ko/ɤcō- - *kečə- *kɨš- - *kaš- *kooč- -
"mud" *kura - - - - - *kår- *koor -
"ice crust" - *čoðē - - - - *šaĺ *sooj -
"cloud(y)" F. kumuri - kovol - - homaaĺ *kåm- - -
"back" *muka- - - - - *məjå- Check AASmy
"to tell" - - jovta- - - *jəptə- …
"cloudberry" *muura- - - *mår-aak *moor-ək *mərå-ŋkå Check AASmy
"to hit" *puto- *poðō- - puðə- U. pɨĺ- ~ K. peĺ *påĺ- - *pəjä- Smy *-ä after *ðʲ
"block of wood" *luta *lotē - - - - - - *jəčə *-t- or *-č-?
"wide" - *komtē - *kʊmda - - - *komət -
"narrowing" - *čorō - - *śuur sor- *sarɯɯ *sart -
"spear" *ota - - *aɣtaa *ooɣət -
"male" *uros *orēs - - - uur - - -
"outside" *ulko- *olkō- - - K. ɨlɤ- - - - -
"lazy" *tuhma *tosmē - - K. dɨš - - - - ← Gmc *dusma "stupid"?
"hair, bundle" *tukka/u - - #čuka *čɨk- - - - - also cf. H. čuk- "to clog"
"to rummage" *purka- *porkē- Er. purga- *pʊrɣə- - - - - - F. "dismantle"
"to strangle" *poo- *pūvē- pova- - *pɤd(ɨ)- fuul- - *pɯɯk- -
"to fish with a net" - *koltē- - - - - *kult- *kåål- Se. qoldɛi- *kulk(i)-ta- ?
"stern" *tuhto *totkō - Hi. tɤktɤ K. tɨk 'tat #tOɣət *toɣət *tətə F&S possibly ← Gmc *θuftōn
"to cross water" - *mokcē- - - - - - - *məčå-
"dew" *lɤpsē ĺe/akš *lʊpš K. lɨs *jəptå- S. *o → ɤ / _p
"(to) crumble" *mure/u- *morē, *moarrɤ- - - - mar *mur- *moor- *mərə
"soft" - *loančē - - - laaɟ *lanćəɣ *loonťəɣ - Or *o_a?
"major river" *juka *jokɤ - - - - - - *jəkå + Russ. substratal *juka. F. "waterfall", Mo. jov ← *jôki?
"finger" - *sūvðē - - - ujj *tuĺaa' *ɬååj *təjå
"reindeer knee" - *pončēs - - U. pɨdźɤs ~ K. pidźɤs - - - *punsV K. M > F /_Ć ?
"(to) bore" *pura *porē - - *pɨr fuur #pOr *por *pər- Cf. IE
"deep spot" - *jormē - - K. jir - - *jorəm *jorä
"bubble" *kupla *koplē - *kʊwəl - hoĺag *kɯɯwl *komḷəŋ - *-ml-?
"bowl" *kuppV *skoppē kopo - - - - - -
""
FSM *u_i, Kh. *o, Smy. *u / _CC
"pole" *ulku *olkɤ olga - K. ɨl - *uj
"to go" *kulke- *kolkɤ- koĺge- - K. kɨlal- halad- - *koɣəɬ- *kəj- Cf. PIE *kʷelH-
"to pee" *kuse- *końčɤ- - *kʊźa- *kudź- huuɟ- *kunć- *kos- *kunsə-
"marten" Es. nugis - - *ńåkəs *ńoɣəs -
"tube" *pucki *pockɤ počko *pʊč - - - - *pučə
"flurry" *purku *porkɤ Er. porga- ~
Mk. purga-		 Me. purɣə- K. pɨra forr *pårkɯɯj *porkaaj *purət- or Mo. ← *purki-. ObU -k- ?! U. pur "glo", H. "boil" may not belong
"skis" *suksi - soks - - - *tåw(ə)t *ɬoɣ *tutə
"to kno" *tunte- *tomtɤ- - - *tod- tud- - - *tumtə-
"20" - - komś - *kɨź huus *kuus *koos - *ms → *ws in Ug.?
"grass" *nurmi *ńormɤ - - - - *ńuurəm *ńåårəm -
"crane" *kurki *kōrkɤ *kargo - - - - - *kərə
""
FSM *u_i, Kh. *o/*oo, Smy. *oC (std. PU *o_i or *u_i?)
"to get lost" - *jorɤ- - - U. jɨromɨ- jaar- Pl. joor- *jor- jü/urə- *ju → *jü in PSmy/PSk?
"to spawn" *kute- *koðɤ- - - K. kuĺmɨ- *kuĺ- *kååj- -
"to wear" *kulu- *kolɤ- - - K. gɨlal- - *kål- *kolaa- -
"cleft" *kuru/i- - - *kʊrək K. kɨr hor- - *koor - S. *kūrɤ ← F. K. guran "hole" may not belong
"(to) coff" - *kosɤ- koz(o-) - *kɨz(ɨ)- - - *koɬ- *kot-
"10" *luke-/u *lokɤ/ē- Er. lovo- ~
Mk. luvə-		 *lu *lɨd *låw - - F, Mo. "to read", P. "number" (suffix'd?)
"sno" *lumi *lomɤ lov *lʊm *lɨm(ɨ) lom - - *jom-
"bone" *luu - lovaža *lu *lɨ - *luw *ɬoɣ *lɤ Ms. *u near labials?
"to pass by" - *molɤ- mole- - - muul- *mul- - - Ms. *u near labials?
"to bite" *pure- *porɤ- poŕe- *pʊra- *puur(ɨ)- - *pur- *por- *por- Ms. *u near labials?
"to blo" *puhu- *posō- - - K. puškɨ- fuu- *put- *poɬaa- Se. puttu? Ms. *u near labials?
"summer" *suvi *sɤŋɤ- - - - - *tuj *ɬoŋ *təŋ Ms. *u ?!
"to come" *tule- *tolɤ- - *tola- - talaal- - - *toj-
"fire" *tuli *tolɤ tol *tʊl *tɨl - - - *tuj
"to learn" - - tona- *tʊnə- *tun(a)- *tanul- - - *təntå- see AASmy
"morning" - - - - - hol- #kOl- *kol- SSm *kər
"new" *uuci *oðɤ od *u *vɨĺ uuj - - - F. length from *wu-?
"to sharpen" - *čokɤ- śuvo- - - - - - -
""
""
"moon" *kuu Lu. kuojijti- *koŋ - - hoov - *kow *kïj
"mouth" *suu *čūvɤ, *čontɤk - šu - saaj *suup, *saw? *sooɣaa *so
"ghost" *huu - čo(v) - K. šɤn - *tɯɯw *ɬuuŋk -
Long (?)
"to hear" *kuule- *kūlɤ- kuĺe- *kola- *kɨl- hall- *kaal- *kåål- - Cf. Smy *kåw "ear"
"wind; feather" *tuuli - - Me. tul *tɤl - - - *tuəj
"to ro" *sowta- *sūkɤ- - *šua- K. sɨn- - *tåw- *ɬaaɣ- *tu- *suxi-, F. dissimil. deriv.
"to pursue" *nowta- *ńūvte- - - - - *ńåwt- *ńååɣəɬ- *ńo- *ńuxi-, F. dissimi. deriv.
"sheep" *uuhi ~ *utti - uča *ʊžɣa *ɨž - *aaš *aač - ← IE *owis, ObU independantly (~ F. *voohi)?
"to swim" *uj- *vōjɤ- uje- *iä- *uuj- uus- *uj- *uj- *u-
Ms. *aa ~ Kh. *uu
"6" *kuuci *kūtɤ koto *kut *kwat hat *kaat *kuut -
"to call" *kuccu- *koččō- - - - - - *kuuť- -
"herd of reindeer" - *čorɤk - - - - *šaar- *suur -
"eyebrows; temple" *kulma - - - - - - *kuuĺəm - S. *kūlmē ← F. Note *ĺ?!
"birch" - - - - *kɨdź - *kåš- *kuuńć - If not *a or something. F. *kaski may be ← IE *h₁es-
""
""
Bad
"to go" - *jotē- juta-, Mk. juta- - - - - - *jåtə- Rather *o with S. irregular; cf. B. *jude-
"group, to hunt" *kunta ~ *kontu *kontē kunda- - - had- *kaant- *kuunt- *kåntə- Rather *o w/ F&S influenced by Gmc
"sack" - *pūðā - - - - - - *påtə
"top" F. sukka *čokkɤ - - K. ćuk - *śaɣ *ťäk *sok
"hill; wave" *kumpu *kompō komba - *gɨb hab *ku(m)p *ko/uump *kåmpå West *u, East *o
"body" - *korōntē - - - - *kur- *kor #kər Check Smy.
"curve" *mutka - - - - - - - *måcə
"frost" *kuura *korā - - *gɤɤr har - - -
"pole" - *sosō *šočko - *džadž - - - Se. čoočə
"him/her" *hän *son son - U. so ~ K. sɨ öö *täw *ɬöɣ - *u ~ *ü
"prod" *tutka- *tūðkē - - U. tuĺɨm tööɟ *täĺək *töj - *u ~ *ü
"(to) shit" *paska *pɤškɤ *pəśkiźe- *pʊškəða- - foš *påć *påť - S. *o→ ɤ / p_
"clump" *puŋka *pūŋkē pokoĺ - U. pog ~ K. bugɨĺ bog *paak #pooŋkəḷ -
"narrow, top" *suppa, F. suippu *čūppɤ, NS čoppe - - *śoop-, K. ćup sup-, čuup - - -
"to cram" *cuŋki- *coŋkɤ- toŋgo- *čʏŋɣər K. čɨgəm dug - - - Variants *čuŋki-, *tuŋki-
"(to) dry" *kujva(-) Lu. kuife - - - - - *kojəm- -
"thin" *hupa Er. čova ~ Mk. šuva(ńä) - - - šovaań - - - *č-
"to speak" *jutte- - jovta- - - - - - -
"to feel" *muja-, *muista-, Li. moistə- - muje- *mooa- *mååď- - mu(u)t- *muuj- - Rather *o
""
""
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