Proto-Uralic/Ä: Difference between revisions
From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
mNo edit summary |
(on with *mä) |
||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |- style="background:#A0FFA0" | ||
! colspan="10"| std. PU *ä_i (= *a_i ?) | ! colspan="10"| std. PU *ä_i (= *a_i ?) | ||
|- | |||
| "" | |||
| || || || || || || || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "" | | "" | ||
| Line 78: | Line 81: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "breast" | | "breast" | ||
| - || *mélkɤ || style="color:red"| mälkä || *mel || U. | | - || *mélkɤ || style="color:red"| mälkä || *mel || U. mɤl || mell || *määɣəl || *mööɣəl || - | ||
| F. ''*mälvi'' "bird breast''? | | F. ''*mälvi'' "bird breast''? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 147: | Line 150: | ||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |- style="background:#A0FFA0" | ||
! colspan="10"| std. PU *ä_a | ! colspan="10"| std. PU *ä_a | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to breathe" | | "to breathe" | ||
| Line 207: | Line 207: | ||
| "water" | | "water" | ||
| - || *čácé || - || - || - || - || - || *seeč- || Ne. ''sada'' | | - || *čácé || - || - || - || - || - || *seeč- || Ne. ''sada'' | ||
|- | |||
| "to get free" | |||
| - || '''*meanó-''' || mäńe- || || K. mɯn- || ment- || - || - || Ne. mina- ? | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "bone" | | "bone" | ||
| Line 229: | Line 232: | ||
| ''*kaalat-'' || *kálé- || käĺe- || *kela- || U. kol- ~ K. kel- || kel- || style="color:red"| *kʷääl- || '''*küül-''' || - | | ''*kaalat-'' || *kálé- || käĺe- || *kela- || U. kol- ~ K. kel- || kel- || style="color:red"| *kʷääl- || '''*küül-''' || - | ||
| F. ← S.? | | F. ← S.? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to fly" | | "to fly" | ||
| Line 278: | Line 278: | ||
| "scab" | | "scab" | ||
| - || - || E. ĺeme || Hi. lim ~ Me. '''lümö''' || U. lom ~ K. lɤm || - || - || - || - | | - || - || E. ĺeme || Hi. lim ~ Me. '''lümö''' || U. lom ~ K. lɤm || - || - || - || - | ||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |||
! colspan="10"| With Ob-Ugric *ää~*ää (all spotty) | |||
|- | |||
| "to choke" | |||
| - || - || - || - || U. ''džok-, čok-'' ~ K. ''džag-, ček-'' || - || *šääk- || '''*čääk-''' || - | |||
|- | |||
| "tail" | |||
| - || - || - || - || - || - || style="color:red"| *määnśək || '''*määsəɣ''' || Sk. ''mäča'' | |||
|- | |||
| "to feel" | |||
| - || - || - || - || K. mal- || - || *määl- || '''*määɬ-''' || - | |||
| F. *mä(h)le- "to remember" probably doesn't belong | |||
|- | |||
| "honey" | |||
| - || - || - || *mü(j) || - || - || ''maɣ-'' || '''*määɣ''' || | |||
|- | |||
| "to ambush" | |||
| - || - || - || - || - || les- || style="color:red"| *lääć- || style="color:red"| '''*lääśi-''' || | |||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |- style="background:#A0FFA0" | ||
! colspan="10"| Rather loans in part | ! colspan="10"| Rather loans in part | ||
| Line 291: | Line 309: | ||
<!-- bad stuff | <!-- bad stuff | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "" | | "" | ||
Revision as of 06:17, 14 September 2009
| Lexeme | Finnic | Samic | Mordv. | Mari | Permic | Hung. | Mansi | Khanty | Samoy. | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| std. PU *ä_i (= *a_i ?) | ||||||||||
| "" | ||||||||||
| "" | ||||||||||
| "mound" | *mättäs | *méktɤ | - | - | - | - | - | - | *mektə | |
| "to hide" | *kätke- | - | *käkše- | |||||||
| "cradle" | *kätküt | *kétkɤ- | - | - | U. kɤkɯ | - | - | - | *ketə- | Cf. prev. |
| "to suffer" | *kärsi- | *kértɤ- | kiŕđe- | *kerða-, *kerta- | - | - | - | - | - | ← Gmc. *hardja- |
| "string" | *jänti | - | - | - | - | ideg | *jääntəɣ ? | *jöntəɣ | *jentə | |
| "a bird" | E. ähk | - | šäkši | *ćećkem | K. čakčej | - | - | - | - | |
| "hand" | *käti | *kétɤ | käď | *kit | *ki | keez | *käät | *kööt | - | |
| "power" | *väki | *vékɤ | vij | *vij | *vi | vele- ? | *wääɣ | *wööɣ | - | |
| "ice" | *jää | *jéŋɤ | *jäŋ | *ij | *jɤɤ | jeeg | *jääŋk | *jööŋk | *jaŋ | *jäŋi |
| "to become cold" | *jäähty- | *jéŋsó- | jäkše- | *jükše- | - | - | - | *jöɣɬi- | - | *jäŋ-(k)šti- |
| "to freeze" | (*jääty-) | - | - | - | K. jɤd- | - | *jäänt- | *jentəl- | *jäŋ-ta | |
| "thigh" | *sääri | - | śäjäŕ | - | K. ćɤr | - | - | - | - | maybe rather *śäxiri than *śäjiri |
| "head" | *pää | *péŋɤ | pe | - | *pooŋ | fej | *pääŋk | - | - | NMs puŋk? |
| "louse" | *täi | - | - | *tij | U. täj ~ K. toj | tetüü | *tääkmə | *tööɣtəm | - | S. *tíkɤ ← Gmc? |
| "to see" | *näke- | *nékɤ- | näj- | - | U. naal- ? | neez- | *nääɣəl- | *nii- | - | |
| "to wrap" | *kääri- | *kérɤ- | *käärɤk | *keerää | *ker- | Cf. *kêri | ||||
| "to bind" | - | - | kärks | kera- | U. gerd, kert- ~ K. gɤrd, kɤrt- | kür-, küür- | *kiir- | *kiir- | Cf. prev. | |
| "sister-in-law" | *kälü | *kálój | kel | - | U. kaĺi ~ K. kel | - | - | *köölə | *kelə | |
| "bit, to cut" | *säŋki | *čéŋkɤ- | śive- | - | *ćeeg- | seg- | *sääŋk- | *sööŋk- | - | |
| "breast" | - | *mélkɤ | mälkä | *mel | U. mɤl | mell | *määɣəl | *mööɣəl | - | F. *mälvi "bird breast? |
| "rope" | *kewti | *kévðɤ | - | Hi. kəl ~ Me. kɤl | *kaal | - | *kʷääləɣ | *kööləɣ | *kürə | Smy *äw → *ü ? West *e? |
| "to fish" | - | - | - | *kelðə- | *kaalt- | |||||
| "lung" | *tävü | - | ťevlav | - | *tɯ | tüdöö | - | - | *tejwä ? | Cf. "to fill" |
| "to hide" | *kätke- | *kétkɤ- | - | - | - | - | - | - | *ketə- | |
| "to depart" | *lähte- | *léktɤ- | Er. ĺivte- ~ Mo. ĺište- | *lääkta- | U. lɯkt- ~ K. lokt- | - | - | *ɬüüɣət- | - | |
| "near" | *lähe- | - | - | *lišnə | - | - | - | - | *jet- | Cf. prev. |
| "warm" | *lämpe- | - | ĺämbä | *leewə | - | - | - | *jempə- | Smy. "clothes" | |
| "woodpecker" | *kärki | - | kärgä | *kerɣə | *kɯr | - | - | - | - | |
| "nose" | - | *nérɤ | *ńäŕ | *ner | *nɯr | - | - | *niir | *ńärə | |
| "trace" | *jälki | - | - | - | - | jel | - | *jääɣəl | *je | Smy. "foot" |
| "worm" | - | - | - | - | K. perk | feerëg | *päärk | - | - | |
| "heavy" | *läülV | *lévlɤ | - | *lelə | - | - | - | - | - | Ms. *ĺuuĺ "weak", Kh. *ɬöɬ "cold" prob. don't belong |
| std. PU *äx_i | ||||||||||
| "tongue" | *keeli | *kélɤ | *käĺ | *kəl | *kɯl | - | *kääl | *kööl | *keəj | |
| "broth" | *leemi | *lémɤ | *ĺäm | *lem | U. lɯm ~ K. ĺem | lee | *lääm | - | - | |
| "mind" | *meeli | *mélɤ | *mäĺ | - | *mɯl | - | - | - | - | |
| "side" | *veeri | *vérɤ | *väŕä | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "to swallo" | *neele- | *ńélɤ- | ńiĺe- | *nela- | *ńɯl(ɯ)- | ńel- | *ńääl- | *ńeel- | *nɤl- | West *ńeeli, East *ńäl |
| "fine, thin" | *heeno | - | - | - | K. dženɯt | - | - | - | - | Weak; ambiguous. |
| std. PU *ä_a | ||||||||||
| "to breathe" | *läkähtä- | - | läka- | - | - | - | - | - | - | NB no palz. in Mo? |
| "friend" | - | *lávé | - | - | - | - | N. leekʷ | *ɬöɣ | - | Ms. transfer of labzn? S. ← ObU? |
| "flap" | *läppä | *lépɤ | - | *leweða | *leep | lep | *liip | - | - | Mari cf. F. *lewedä "wide" |
| "lasso" | *lämsä | *lámčé | - | - | K. leć | - | *liis | *liis | - | |
| "paw" | *käpsä | - | - | *küpš | U. kus- ~ K. kɯs, køs | - | *kʷäät | *kööpəɬ | - | |
| "paw" | *käppä | - | käpä | - | - | - | - | - | - | Cf. prev. |
| "this" | *tämä | *tá | tä | Hi. ti ~ Me. tɤ | *ta | te- | *ti | *te ? | *tê- | East *tê |
| "needle" | *äjmä | *ájmé | - | *imə | K. jem | - | - | - | *ejmä | Ma. *äj → *i? |
| "tongue" | - | *ńálmé | - | *ńəlmə | - | ńelv, ńeev | *ńiiləm | *ńääləm | *nåjmå | *ńälma ~ *ńElm ~ *nalma |
| "spleen" | - | *ðápðé | - | *lepə | *loop | leep | - | *leepət | Ne. rapseä | *-pð- ?? |
| "branch" | - | *sáré | - | šer ? | U. -ser | eer | *täär | *ɬeer | - | |
| "woman; weasel" | - | *káðvé | - | - | - | hölɟ | *kääĺ | *kööjəɣ | *kejwä | |
| "to annoy" | - | *áré- | - | - | - | - | *äärt- | *eerət- | Arrête! ;) | |
| "to cut" | *sälä | *čálé- | - | *šela- | *ćaal- | sel- | *sil- | *süül- | *selä- | |
| "to load" | *sälyttä- | - | - | *tääl- | *ɬeel- | *tij- | ||||
| "water" | - | *čácé | - | - | - | - | - | *seeč- | Ne. sada | |
| "to get free" | - | *meanó- | mäńe- | K. mɯn- | ment- | - | - | Ne. mina- ? | ||
| "bone" | *tähteh | *tákté | - | - | - | tetem | - | - | - | F. "leftovers" |
| "bog" | (*jäŋkä) | *jeaŋké | - | - | K. jeg | - | *jääŋk | *jeeŋk | - | F. ← S. |
| "sun" | *päjvä | *peajvé | - | - | K. bi | - | - | - | *pejwä | |
| "lichen" | *jäkälä | *jeakél | - | - | K. jal | - | - | - | - | |
| "side" | *peeli | *pealé | päĺ | *pel | *paal | feel | *pääl | *peelək | *pelä | Finnic length by analogy of *veeri, *pooli? |
| "to wade" | *kaalat- | *kálé- | käĺe- | *kela- | U. kol- ~ K. kel- | kel- | *kʷääl- | *küül- | - | F. ← S.? |
| "to fly" | - | - | - | - | U. lob- ~ K. leb- | lebëg-, libëg- | - | - | - | Rather *e. Cf. F. *lentä- ?? |
| "beaver" | *majaka | *májéké | mijav | - | U. mɯj ~ K. moj | - | - | - | - | |
| "elm" | *salaka | - | śäĺi | *šol | - | sil | - | - | - | F. "willow", cf. *halaka "ibid." ← Gmc. |
| "power" | *tarmo | *tármó | - | - | - | - | *tiiriŋ | *täärəm | - | |
| "gall" | *sappi | *sáppé | säpä | - | U. sep ~ K. sɤp | epe | *tääp | - | - | |
| "to prepare" | - | *láčé- | - | *ləəšte- | U. leśal- ~ K. lɤśal- | |||||
| "board" | *parti | - | - | - | *päärt | *peert | - | |||
| "place" | *ase- | - | eźem, Mk. (j)äźem, Er. iźim | - | - | - | - | - | Se. esɯ ~ Ne. ŋäso | |
| With Permic o~ɤ (all very irregular) | ||||||||||
| "winter" | *talvi | *tálvé | Er. tele, Mk. ƭala | *tel | U. tol ~ K. tɤl | teel | *tääl | *teləɣ | ||
| "to order" | *käske- | - | - | *küštə- | U. kos- ~ K. kɤs | |||||
| "joint" | *jäsen | - | jäźńä | Hi. ježəŋ ~ Me. jɤžəŋ | U. joz ~ K. jɤz | iiz | - | - | - | |
| "to turn" | *kääntä- | - | - | - | U. kož- ~ K. kɤž- | - | - | - | - | |
| "to fill" | *täwti | *tévtɤ | - | *tić | U. dol- ~ K. dɤl- | tel- | *tääɣəl | *teel | *terə | |
| "scab" | - | - | E. ĺeme | Hi. lim ~ Me. lümö | U. lom ~ K. lɤm | - | - | - | - | |
| With Ob-Ugric *ää~*ää (all spotty) | ||||||||||
| "to choke" | - | - | - | - | U. džok-, čok- ~ K. džag-, ček- | - | *šääk- | *čääk- | - | |
| "tail" | - | - | - | - | - | - | *määnśək | *määsəɣ | Sk. mäča | |
| "to feel" | - | - | - | - | K. mal- | - | *määl- | *määɬ- | - | F. *mä(h)le- "to remember" probably doesn't belong |
| "honey" | - | - | - | *mü(j) | - | - | maɣ- | *määɣ | ||
| "to ambush" | - | - | - | - | - | les- | *lääć- | *lääśi- | ||
| Rather loans in part | ||||||||||
| "crust" | *kärnä | *kearné | kšńat | - | - | - | *käärńə- | F & S. ← Gmc. *herna | ||
| "to go" | *käve- | - | - | Hi. kej ~ Me. kaj | - | - | - | - | - | F. ← Gmc. *skeewjan |
- väsi- "tired" in F. & S. ← Gmc.
- väšä- "small" in FSM. ← Gmc.
