Proto-Uralic/Ä: Difference between revisions
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| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
| "" | | "" | ||
| || || || || || || || || | | || || || || || || || || | ||
|- | |||
| "to hide" | |||
| *kätke- || - || *käkše- || || || || || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "cradle" | | "cradle" | ||
| *kätküt || *kétkɤ- || - || - || U. kɤkɯ || - || - || - || *ketə- | | *kätküt || *kétkɤ- || - || - || U. kɤkɯ || - || - || - || *ketə- | ||
| Cf. prev. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "to suffer" | | "to suffer" | ||
| Line 73: | Line 77: | ||
| "sister-in-law" | | "sister-in-law" | ||
| *kälü || ''*kálój'' || '''kel''' || - || U. kaĺi ~ K. kel || - || - || *köölə || *kelə | | *kälü || ''*kálój'' || '''kel''' || - || U. kaĺi ~ K. kel || - || - || *köölə || *kelə | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "bit, to cut" | | "bit, to cut" | ||
| Line 100: | Line 91: | ||
| "to fish" | | "to fish" | ||
| - || - || - || *kelðə- || U. kalt- ~ K. kɤlt- || || || || | | - || - || - || *kelðə- || U. kalt- ~ K. kɤlt- || || || || | ||
|- | |||
| "to choke" | |||
| - || - || - || - || U. ''džok-, čok-'' ~ K. ''džag-, ček-'' || - || *šääk- || '''*čääk-''' || - | |||
|- | |||
| "lung" | |||
| *tävü || - || '''ťevlav''' || - || *tɯ || style="color:red"| tüdöö || - || - || style="color:red"| *tejwä ? | |||
| Cf. "to fill" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "to hide" | | "to hide" | ||
| Line 116: | Line 114: | ||
| "nose" | | "nose" | ||
| - || *nérɤ || *ńäŕ || *ner || *nɯr || - || - || '''*niir''' || '''*ńärə''' | | - || *nérɤ || *ńäŕ || *ner || *nɯr || - || - || '''*niir''' || '''*ńärə''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "trace" | | "trace" | ||
| Line 159: | Line 154: | ||
| *äjmä || *ájmé || - || ''*imə'' || K. jem || - || - || - || *ejmä | | *äjmä || *ájmé || - || ''*imə'' || K. jem || - || - || - || *ejmä | ||
| Ma. *äj → *i? | | Ma. *äj → *i? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "tongue" | | "tongue" | ||
| Line 208: | Line 199: | ||
| '''*peeli''' || '''*pealé''' || päĺ || *pel || U. pal ~ K. pɤl || feel || *pääl || *peelək || *pelä | | '''*peeli''' || '''*pealé''' || päĺ || *pel || U. pal ~ K. pɤl || feel || *pääl || *peelək || *pelä | ||
| Finnic length by analogy of *veeri, *pooli? | | Finnic length by analogy of *veeri, *pooli? | ||
|- | |||
| "to wade" | |||
| ''*kaalat-'' || *kálé- || käĺe- || *kela- || U. kol- ~ K. kel- || kel- || style="color:red"| *kʷääl- || '''*küül-''' || - | |||
| F. ← S.? | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "beaver" | | "beaver" | ||
| Line 224: | Line 219: | ||
| "board" | | "board" | ||
| '''*parti''' || || - || || - || - || *päärt || *peert || - | | '''*parti''' || || - || || - || - || *päärt || *peert || - | ||
|- | |||
| "place" | |||
| '''*ase-''' || - || ''eźem'', Mk. (j)äźem, Er. '''iźim''' || - || - || - || - || - || Se. esɯ ~ Ne. ŋäso | |||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |||
! colspan="10"| With Permic o~ɤ (all very irregular) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "winter" | | "winter" | ||
| '''*talvi''' || *tálvé || Er. tele, Mk. '''ƭala''' || *tel || U. tol ~ K. tɤl || teel || *tääl || '''*teləɣ''' || | | '''*talvi''' || *tálvé || Er. tele, Mk. '''ƭala''' || *tel || U. tol ~ K. tɤl || teel || *tääl || '''*teləɣ''' || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| " | | "to order" | ||
| '''* | | *käske- || - || - || '''*küštə-''' || U. kos- ~ K. kɤs || || || || | ||
|- | |||
| "joint" | |||
| *jäsen || - || jäźńä || Hi. ježəŋ ~ Me. '''jɤžəŋ''' || U. joz ~ K. jɤz || '''iiz''' || - || - || - | |||
|- | |||
| "to turn" | |||
| ''*kääntä-'' || - || - || - || U. kož- ~ K. kɤž- || - || - || - || - | |||
|- | |||
| "to fill" | |||
| *täwti || style="color:red"| *tévtɤ || - || style="color:red"| ''*tić'' || U. dol- ~ K. dɤl- || tel- || *tääɣəl || *teel || style="color:red"| *terə | |||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |- style="background:#A0FFA0" | ||
! colspan="10"| Rather loans in part | ! colspan="10"| Rather loans in part | ||
| Line 246: | Line 255: | ||
| "" | | "" | ||
| || || || || || || || || | | || || || || || || || || | ||
|- | |||
| "" | |||
| || || || || || || || || | |||
|- | |||
| "hemp" | |||
| - || - || - || Hi. kəńe ~ Me. kɤńe || U. ken ~ K. kɤn || || || || | |||
| Wanderwort. | |||
|- | |||
| "backside" | |||
| - || NW *káocat ?? || - || - || K. kadž || - || - || - || - | |||
|- | |||
| "to freeze" | |||
| - || - || - || Hi. kiže- || U. kedź- ~ K. kɤdź- || - || - || - || - | |||
|- | |||
| "net" | |||
| - || - || - || - || *ka(d)ź || - || Kam. koťəp || - || - | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "stale (bread)" | | "stale (bread)" | ||
| Line 266: | Line 291: | ||
| F. may be ← B. | | F. may be ← B. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "thin" | | "(to) thin" | ||
| - || *keancé || - || - || - || keskëń || - || - || - | | - || *keancé || - || - || - || keskëń || ''*käänś-'' || *käänť- || - | ||
| Rather * | | Rather *E. Check Ms. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "palm" | | "palm" | ||
| Line 275: | Line 300: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "hard" | | "hard" | ||
| *kämä || - || kemä || - || - || kemeeń || - || - || *kom? | | *kämä || - || '''kemä''' || - || - || kemeeń || - || - || *kom? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "bay, lake" | | "bay, lake" | ||
| Line 333: | Line 358: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "juniper" | | "juniper" | ||
| *kataka || *kɤsŋɤs; *koaccévé "needle" || - || | | *kataka || *kɤsŋɤs; *koaccévé "needle" || - || "MRS" kož || K. kač || - || *kääš- || - || - | ||
| F. from *kača "resin" (vs. S. *kássé "wax" < G?), or B.? | | F. from *kača "resin" (vs. S. *kássé "wax" < G?), or B.? | ||
|- | |- | ||
Revision as of 14:14, 14 August 2009
| Lexeme | Finnic | Samic | Mordv. | Mari | Permic | Hung. | Mansi | Khanty | Samoy. | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| std. PU *ä_i (= *a_i ?) | ||||||||||
| "" | ||||||||||
| "to hide" | *kätke- | - | *käkše- | |||||||
| "cradle" | *kätküt | *kétkɤ- | - | - | U. kɤkɯ | - | - | - | *ketə- | Cf. prev. |
| "to suffer" | *kärsi- | *kértɤ- | kiŕđe- | *kerða-, *kerta- | - | - | - | - | - | ← Gmc. *hardja- |
| "paw" | *käpsä | - | - | *küpš | U. kus- ~ K. kɯs, køs | - | *kʷäät | *kööpəɬ | - | |
| "paw" | *käppä | - | käpä | - | - | - | - | - | - | Cf. prev. |
| "string" | *jänti | - | - | - | - | ideg | *jääntəɣ ? | *jöntəɣ | *jentə | |
| "a bird" | E. ähk | - | šäkši | *ćećkem | K. čakčej | - | - | - | - | |
| "hand" | *käti | *kétɤ | käď | *kit | *ki | keez | *käät | *kööt | - | |
| "power" | *väki | *vékɤ | vij | *vij | *vi | vele- ? | *wääɣ | *wööɣ | - | |
| "ice" | *jää | *jéŋɤ | *jäŋ | *ij | *jɤɤ | jeeg | *jääŋk | *jööŋk | *jaŋ | *jäŋi |
| "to become cold" | *jäähty- | *jéŋsó- | jäkše- | *jükše- | - | - | - | *jöɣɬi- | - | *jäŋ-(k)šti- |
| "to freeze" | (*jääty-) | - | - | - | K. jɤd- | - | *jäänt- | *jentəl- | *jäŋ-ta | |
| "thigh" | *sääri | - | śäjäŕ | - | K. ćɤr | - | - | - | - | maybe rather *śäxiri than *śäjiri |
| "head" | *pää | *péŋɤ | pe | - | *pooŋ | fej | *pääŋk | - | - | NMs puŋk? |
| "louse" | *täi | - | - | *tij | U. täj ~ K. toj | tetüü | *tääkmə | *tööɣtəm | - | S. *tíkɤ ← Gmc? |
| "to see" | *näke- | *nékɤ- | näj- | - | U. naal- ? | neez- | *nääɣəl- | *nii- | - | |
| "to wrap" | *kääri- | *kérɤ- | *käärɤk | *keerää | *ker- | Cf. *kêri | ||||
| "to bind" | - | - | kärks | kera- | U. gerd, kert- ~ K. gɤrd, kɤrt- | kür-, küür- | keer- | *kiir- | Cf. prev. | |
| "sister-in-law" | *kälü | *kálój | kel | - | U. kaĺi ~ K. kel | - | - | *köölə | *kelə | |
| "bit, to cut" | *säŋki | *čéŋkɤ- | śive- | - | *ćeeg- | seg- | *sääŋk- | *sööŋk- | - | |
| "breast" | - | *mélkɤ | mälkä | *mel | U. mɯl | mell | *määɣəl | *mööɣəl | - | F. *mälvi "bird breast? |
| "rope" | *kewti | *kévðɤ | - | Hi. kəl ~ Me. kɤl | U. kal ~ K. kɤl | - | *kʷääləɣ | *kööləɣ | *kürə | Smy *äw → *ü ? West *e? |
| "to fish" | - | - | - | *kelðə- | U. kalt- ~ K. kɤlt- | |||||
| "to choke" | - | - | - | - | U. džok-, čok- ~ K. džag-, ček- | - | *šääk- | *čääk- | - | |
| "lung" | *tävü | - | ťevlav | - | *tɯ | tüdöö | - | - | *tejwä ? | Cf. "to fill" |
| "to hide" | *kätke- | *kétkɤ- | - | - | - | - | - | - | *ketə- | |
| "near" | *lähe- | - | - | - | - | *jet- | ||||
| "warm" | *lämpe- | - | - | - | *jempə- | Smy. "clothes" | ||||
| "woodpecker" | *kärki | - | kärgä | *kerɣə | *kɯr | - | - | - | - | |
| "nose" | - | *nérɤ | *ńäŕ | *ner | *nɯr | - | - | *niir | *ńärə | |
| "trace" | *jälki | - | - | - | - | jel | - | *jääɣəl | *je | Smy. "foot" |
| "worm" | - | - | - | - | K. perk | feerëg | *päärk | - | - | |
| std. PU *äx_i | ||||||||||
| "tongue" | *keeli | *kélɤ | *käĺ | *kəl | *kɯl | - | *kääl | *kööl | *keəj | |
| "broth" | *leemi | *lémɤ | *ĺäm | *lem | U. lɯm ~ K. ĺem | lee | *lääm | - | - | |
| "mind" | *meeli | *mélɤ | *mäĺ | - | *mɯl | - | - | - | - | |
| "side" | *veeri | *vérɤ | *väŕä | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "to swallo" | *neele- | *ńélɤ- | ńiĺe- | *nela- | *ńɯl(ɯ)- | ńel- | *ńääl- | *ńeel- | *nɤl- | West *ńeeli, East *ńäl |
| "fine, thin" | *heeno | - | - | - | K. dženɯt | - | - | - | - | Weak; ambiguous. |
| std. PU *ä_a | ||||||||||
| "this" | *tämä | *tá | tä | Hi. ti ~ Me. tɤ | *ta | te- | *ti | *te ? | *tê- | East *tê |
| "needle" | *äjmä | *ájmé | - | *imə | K. jem | - | - | - | *ejmä | Ma. *äj → *i? |
| "tongue" | - | *ńálmé | - | *ńəlmə | - | ńelv, ńeev | *ńiiləm | *ńääləm | *nåjmå | *ńälma ~ *ńElm ~ *nalma |
| "spleen" | - | *ðápðé | - | *lepə | *loop | leep | - | *leepət | Ne. rapseä | *-pð- ?? |
| "branch" | - | *sáré | - | šer ? | U. -ser | eer | *täär | *ɬeer | - | |
| "woman; weasel" | - | *káðvé | - | - | - | hölɟ | *kääĺ | *kööjəɣ | *kejwä | |
| "to annoy" | - | *áré- | - | - | - | - | *äärt- | *eerət- | Arrête! ;) | |
| "to cut" | *sälä | *čálé- | - | *šela- | U. ćal- ~ K. ćɤlal- | sel- | *sil- | *süül- | *selä- | |
| "to load" | *sälyttä- | - | - | *tääl- | *ɬeel- | *tij- | ||||
| "water" | - | *čácé | - | - | - | - | - | *seeč- | Ne. sada | |
| "bone" | *tähteh | *tákté | - | - | - | tetem | - | - | - | F. "leftovers" |
| "bog" | (*jäŋkä) | *jeaŋké | - | - | K. jeg | - | *jääŋk | *jeeŋk | - | F. ← S. |
| "sun" | *päjvä | *peajvé | - | - | K. bi | - | - | - | *pejwä | |
| "lichen" | *jäkälä | *jeakél | - | - | K. jal | - | - | - | - | |
| "side" | *peeli | *pealé | päĺ | *pel | U. pal ~ K. pɤl | feel | *pääl | *peelək | *pelä | Finnic length by analogy of *veeri, *pooli? |
| "to wade" | *kaalat- | *kálé- | käĺe- | *kela- | U. kol- ~ K. kel- | kel- | *kʷääl- | *küül- | - | F. ← S.? |
| "beaver" | *majaka | *májéké | mijav | - | U. mɯj ~ K. moj | - | - | - | - | |
| "elm" | *salaka | - | śäĺi | *šol | - | sil | - | - | - | F. "willow", cf. *halaka "ibid." ← Gmc. |
| "power" | *tarmo | *tármó | - | - | - | - | *teeriŋ ?! | *täärəm | - | |
| "gall" | *sappi | *sáppé | säpä | - | U. sep ~ K. sɤp | epe | *tääp | - | - | |
| "board" | *parti | - | - | - | *päärt | *peert | - | |||
| "place" | *ase- | - | eźem, Mk. (j)äźem, Er. iźim | - | - | - | - | - | Se. esɯ ~ Ne. ŋäso | |
| With Permic o~ɤ (all very irregular) | ||||||||||
| "winter" | *talvi | *tálvé | Er. tele, Mk. ƭala | *tel | U. tol ~ K. tɤl | teel | *tääl | *teləɣ | ||
| "to order" | *käske- | - | - | *küštə- | U. kos- ~ K. kɤs | |||||
| "joint" | *jäsen | - | jäźńä | Hi. ježəŋ ~ Me. jɤžəŋ | U. joz ~ K. jɤz | iiz | - | - | - | |
| "to turn" | *kääntä- | - | - | - | U. kož- ~ K. kɤž- | - | - | - | - | |
| "to fill" | *täwti | *tévtɤ | - | *tić | U. dol- ~ K. dɤl- | tel- | *tääɣəl | *teel | *terə | |
| Rather loans in part | ||||||||||
| "crust" | *kärnä | *kearné | kšńat | - | - | - | *käärńə- | F & S. ← Gmc. *herna | ||
| "to go" | *käve- | - | - | Hi. kej ~ Me. kaj | - | - | - | - | - | F. ← Gmc. *skeewjan |
- väsi- "tired" in F. & S. ← Gmc.
- väšä- "small" in FSM. ← Gmc.
