Dal'qörian pronouns

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Pronouns are words used in place of nouns. They are usually divided into the following categories:

Personal pronouns	I, you, he, she
Reflexive pronouns	himself, themselves, ourselves
Demonstrative pronouns	that, those, this
Possessive pronouns	mine, yours, his, hers
Relative pronouns	that, which, who
Interrogative pronouns	who?, when?, what?
Reciprocal Pronouns	each other, one another
Indefinite pronouns	some, few, a little

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns refer to people or things. This saves repetitive use of a noun.

Nominative (subject) pronouns

The Dalcurian nominative personal pronouns (the subject of the sentence or clause) are:

binä	I/I am
diö	you/you are
mæ	he/he is
sia	she/she is
éren	they/they are
tiÞ	it/it is
ména	we/we are

There are also two impersonal pronouns: minä-you/one and minäla-they, and these are used when referring to people in general, the subjunctive mood, and to equate the use of the English (passive tense (see Verbs):

• Am iáda, minä näocr nörasägrax Dal'qörian! One cannot learn Dalcurian in a day!

• Minäla gä’escanostr di abödä,, qösra tiÞ gé’stæméras. The house was demolished because it was dangerous. (lit: They demolished the house, because it was unsafe).

As you can see, the subject pronouns can also carry the present tense inflections of the verb to be: am, are, is. In Dalcurian, one can assume that am/are/is can always be taken as read when a noun or pronoun is:

• Followed by a present participle (a verb with the ia inflection)

• Followed by an 'uninflected' adjective (including modifying words such as very/extremely)

am/are/is are not to be taken as read when a noun or pronoun is:

• Followed by a modal verb (see Verbs-Modals)

• Followed by the infinitive

• Followed by the imperfect and perfect past tense

• Followed by an inflected adjective

examples:

• Binä göria nöra. I am going now.

• Di gadörajel tädø. The dogs are tired.

• Dörac iáda, ména gä’vecsár! We argued all day!

• Öcra tirimiÞ, sia gé’námaroqu disiri. She was very depressed for a long time.

• Iáda, Garé recévria ni Bemöa. Gary is getting a BMW today.

• Stæ’irønet, vonéri sol, eviár binä abödä. I rarely get home before 6.

• Éren voltir ni didérämös. They want a drink.

Accusative (direct object) pronouns

The accusative pronoun is the 'object' of the sentence or the thing that is affected by the action of the verb:

• I asked him.

• She gave her the book.

• They told us to go-away!

Dalcurian accusative (or objective) pronouns inflect to show this, but nouns do not:

binöra	me/myself
diöra	you/yourself
mæöra	him/himself
siöra	her/herself
érenöra	them/themselves
tiÞöra	it/itself
ménöra	us/ourselves

Dative (indirect object) pronouns

The Dalcurian dative simply puts the preposition te-to before a nominative pronoun (or noun) as a 'non-static' prefix (prefixes that attach with a high apostrophe). This then means the phrase must follow prepositional word order wherever necessary:

• Binä, te'sia, gä’andöcr di lalégraj. I gave her the book/I gave the book to her. Lit: I, to she, gave the book.

• Sia, te'binä, gä’ädandöcr. She gave it back to me/She gave me it back. Lit: She, to me, returned it.

Dummy pronoun it

The dummy pronoun it is used in English as follows:

• It is raining, it isn't fair

it in this instance doesn't really refer to anything or an object, but is used to make the sentence grammatical. In Dalcurian, tiÞ is never used as a dummy pronoun; the adverb danöÞ idiomatically replaces this:

• DanöÞ danpöria. It's raining.

• DanöÞ morgér,, taÞ ela qoÞ. It seems that all is ok.