Dal'qörian personal pronouns

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Personal pronouns refer to people or things.

Nominative (subject) pronouns

The Dalcurian nominative personal pronouns (the subject of the sentence or clause) are:

binä	I/I am
diö	you/you are
mæ	he/he is
sia	she/she is
éren	they/they are
tiÞ	it/it is
ména	we/we are

There are also two impersonal pronouns: minä-you/one and minäla-they, and these are used when referring to people in general, the subjunctive mood, and to equate the use of the English (passive tense (see Verbs):

• Am iáda, minä näocr nörasägrax Dal'qörian! One cannot learn Dalcurian in a day!

• Minäla gä’escanostr di abödä,, qösra tiÞ gé’stæméras. The house was demolished because it was dangerous. (lit: They demolished the house, because it was unsafe).

As you can see, the subject pronouns can also carry the present tense inflections of the verb to be: am, are, is. In Dalcurian, one can assume that am/are/is can always be taken as read when a noun or pronoun is:

• Followed by a present participle (a verb with the ia inflection)

• Followed by an 'uninflected' adjective (including modifying words such as very/extremely)

am/are/is are not to be taken as read when a noun or pronoun is:

• Followed by a modal verb (see Verbs-Modals)

• Followed by the infinitive

• Followed by the imperfect and perfect past tense

• Followed by an inflected adjective

examples:

• Binä göria nöra. I am going now.

• Di gadörajel tädø. The dogs are tired.

• Dörac iáda, ména gä’vecsár! We argued all day!

• Öcra tirimiÞ, sia gé’námaroqu disiri. She was very depressed for a long time.

• Iáda, Garé recévria ni Bemöa. Gary is getting a BMW today.

• Stæ’irønet, vonéri sol, eviár binä abödä. I rarely get home before 6.

• Éren voltir ni didérämös. They want a drink.

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Accusative (direct object) pronouns

The accusative pronoun is the 'object' of the sentence or the thing that is affected by the action of the verb:

• I asked him.

• She gave her the book.

• They told us to go-away!

Dalcurian accusative (or objective) pronouns inflect to show this, but nouns do not:

binöra	me/myself
diöra	you/yourself
mæöra	him/himself
siöra	her/herself
érenöra	them/themselves
tiÞöra	it/itself
ménöra	us/ourselves

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Dative (indirect object) pronouns

The Dalcurian dative simply puts the preposition te-to before a nominative pronoun (or noun) as a 'non-static' prefix (prefixes that attach with a high apostrophe). This then means the phrase must follow prepositional word order wherever necessary:

• Binä, te'sia, gä’andöcr di lalégraj. I gave her the book/I gave the book to her. Lit: I, to she, gave the book.

• Sia, te'binä, gä’ädandöcr. She gave it back to me/She gave me it back. Lit: She, to me, returned it.

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Dummy pronoun

The dummy pronoun it is used in English as follows:

• It is raining, it isn't fair

it in this instance doesn't really refer to anything or an object, but is used to make the sentence grammatical. In Dalcurian, tiÞ is never used as a dummy pronoun; the adverb danöÞ idiomatically replaces this:

• DanöÞ danpöria. It's raining.

• DanöÞ morgér,, taÞ ela qoÞ. It seems that all is ok.