Dal'qörian negatives: Difference between revisions

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In Dalcurian, there are two ways in which ''not'' is rendered.  
In Dalcurian, there are two ways in which ''not'' is rendered.  


==='''''Not'' with verbs'''===   
==='''With verbs'''===   


With verbs, ''not'' is rendered by the suffix '''ax/x'''. If the verb is already inflected with the future or conditional tense suffix, or is in the infinitive or past tense form, '''ax''' is added. '''x''' is added to the present participle. This is the only use '''x''' has in Dalcurian, therefore it is easy to recognize when a verb is in a negative state:
With verbs, ''not'' is rendered by the suffix '''ax/x'''. If the verb is already inflected with the future or conditional tense suffix, or is in the infinitive or past tense form, '''ax''' is added. '''x''' is added to the present participle. This is the only use '''x''' has in Dalcurian, therefore it is easy to recognize when a verb is in a negative state:
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* '''göræ'''-''will go''  '''göræax'''-''will not go''
* '''göræ'''-''will go''  '''göræax'''-''will not go''


===='''Not with auxilliary and modal verbs'''====  
===='''With auxilliary and modal verbs'''====  


Modal verbs and the auxiliaries '''ábra/ádra''' and '''néba''', do NOT take the negative inflection when being used with a main verb; the main verb carries the inflection. They can however, be used as a main verb, as in English (although this is colloquial), and must then take the inflection:
Modal verbs and the auxiliaries '''ábra/ádra''' and '''néba''', do NOT take the negative inflection when being used with a main verb; the main verb carries the inflection. They can however, be used as a main verb, as in English (although this is colloquial), and must then take the inflection:
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* '''Binä ábrax eÞöa nömæaj'''. ''I don’t have any money.'' (Again, this is proper usage. Colloquially a Dalcurian would say: '''Binä öna nömæaj'''-''I'm without money'').
* '''Binä ábrax eÞöa nömæaj'''. ''I don’t have any money.'' (Again, this is proper usage. Colloquially a Dalcurian would say: '''Binä öna nömæaj'''-''I'm without money'').


==='''Not with adjectives'''===
==='''With adjectives'''===


With adjectives, ''not'' is rendered with the prefix '''stæ''' but most commonly equates the following prefixes in English (which normally denote the opposite of) but can carry the meaning of ''not'':   
The standard negation of adjectives is rendered with the prefix '''stæ''' which most commonly equates to the following English prefixes (which normally denote the opposite of) but can carry the meaning of ''not'':   
    
    
* un: '''stædembrödn'''-''unashamed'' (not ashamed)   
* un: '''stædembrödn'''-''unashamed'' (not ashamed)   
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* '''stævösérädn'''-''useless'' (not useful)
* '''stævösérädn'''-''useless'' (not useful)


With these kind of words, the prefix is permanent, just as their English equivalents are all one word, and so does not separate when written. However, in English these words can also be negatified:
Here, the prefix is a part of the word as a whole. But with non-prefixed adjectives, '''stæ''' is separated with a high apostrophe:


* He's really antisocial. NO, he is ''not'' antisocial! 
* '''vélø'''-''cold'' '''stæ'vélø'''-''not cold'' Lit: ''uncold''


* It’s ''not'' undeniable that we all have moments of weakness.
NOTE: It's not possible in Dalcurian to say literally: ''He is not antisocial, you are not useless'' etc; in other words, to disagree with an already negated adjective. In these instances, the preposition '''néfaracte'''-which literally means ''on the contrary'' is tagged at the end of the positive sentence:


* The company had ''not'' disassociated itself from the false advertisements and were fined heavily.
* '''Mæ stæasötséal néfaracte!''' ''He is NOT anitsocial''!


* You are ''not'' usless-on the contrary, so don’t listen to others!
For more on negation of comparative sentences, see [[dal'qörian adjectives|Comparative sentences]]


But because, in Dalcurian, you cannot literally say: ''not antisocial, not undeniable'' etc, then you have to 're-phrase' these sentences (although this doesn't really apply to negative style verbs). This is where Dalcurian becomes a little 'undynamic'. Re-formulating the sentences can be down to the speakers style:
Finally, there is an unwritten rule for foreign speakers: if you're not sure how to negate your sentence, simply put an '''x/ax''' on the end of the adjective. Grammatically this is incorrect, but you will be understood!
 
* '''Mæ disiri stæasötséal. Néfaracte, mæ asötséal esti!''' lit: ''On the contrary, he '''IS''' sociable''.
 
* '''Minä näocr énandärax,, taÞ ela semér jonäøel, taÞ ƒrál.''' lit: ''One can deny not, that all posess moments, that are weak.''
 
* '''Di méÞril, öcra di stævaÞri ösindédrämösel, gä’ádrastævehiqualostrax tiÞöra,, ön minäla vätösas gä'mömædr érenöra.''' lit: ''The company, from the false advertisements, dissaccociated not itself,, and they heavily fined them''.
 
There is a general rule for foreign speakers: if you're not sure how to negate your sentence, simply put an '''x''' on the end of the adjective. Grammatically this is wrong, but you will be understood!
 
More on negatives following shortly ;-)

Revision as of 04:57, 19 June 2009

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In Dalcurian, there are two ways in which not is rendered.

With verbs

With verbs, not is rendered by the suffix ax/x. If the verb is already inflected with the future or conditional tense suffix, or is in the infinitive or past tense form, ax is added. x is added to the present participle. This is the only use x has in Dalcurian, therefore it is easy to recognize when a verb is in a negative state:

  • qöhacria-approaching qöhacriax-not approaching
  • gä’vaÞr-ran gä'vaÞrax-not ran (didn't run)
  • quascrquas-would ask quascrquasax-would not ask
  • göræ-will go göræax-will not go

With auxilliary and modal verbs

Modal verbs and the auxiliaries ábra/ádra and néba, do NOT take the negative inflection when being used with a main verb; the main verb carries the inflection. They can however, be used as a main verb, as in English (although this is colloquial), and must then take the inflection:

  • Diö már, am dérÞ, sécösatrax. You can’t smoke in here.
  • Binä Þöldr sécösatrax qoÞ. I shouldn’t be smoking anyway.
  • Binä gä’qönér,, taÞ mæ ádra ni vötöj? Nál, mæ ábrax. I thought he had a car? No, he hasn’t. (A standard reply here would be néfaracte, akin to the German doch, but ábrax is used for the sake of the exmple).
  • Sia voltirax tiÞ. She doesn’t want it.
  • Binä ábrax eÞöa nömæaj. I don’t have any money. (Again, this is proper usage. Colloquially a Dalcurian would say: Binä öna nömæaj-I'm without money).

With adjectives

The standard negation of adjectives is rendered with the prefix stæ which most commonly equates to the following English prefixes (which normally denote the opposite of) but can carry the meaning of not:

  • un: stædembrödn-unashamed (not ashamed)
  • dis: stævehiqualosträdn-disassociated (not associated)
  • anti: stæasötséal-antisocial (which carries the meaning of not sociable)

and some words that end in less:

  • stævösérädn-useless (not useful)

Here, the prefix is a part of the word as a whole. But with non-prefixed adjectives, stæ is separated with a high apostrophe:

  • vélø-cold stæ'vélø-not cold Lit: uncold

NOTE: It's not possible in Dalcurian to say literally: He is not antisocial, you are not useless etc; in other words, to disagree with an already negated adjective. In these instances, the preposition néfaracte-which literally means on the contrary is tagged at the end of the positive sentence:

  • Mæ stæasötséal néfaracte! He is NOT anitsocial!

For more on negation of comparative sentences, see Comparative sentences

Finally, there is an unwritten rule for foreign speakers: if you're not sure how to negate your sentence, simply put an x/ax on the end of the adjective. Grammatically this is incorrect, but you will be understood!

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