Liu: Difference between revisions
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== Grammars == | == Grammars == | ||
=== Nouns === | === Nouns === | ||
Liu has three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. Masculine nouns usually end with -e or -o, and feminines with -a. Neuter nouns have no particular ending. There are four kinds of number: singular, plural, pair and uncountable. The pair, which is not the same as dual, is used about things that consists of two parts (like scissors, pants) or usually appear in pairs (such as gloves, eyes, twins). The singular number has zero marking, while the others are formed by adding suffixes as below. | Liu has three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. Masculine nouns usually end with -e or -o, and feminines with -a. Neuter nouns have no particular ending. | ||
:There are four kinds of number: singular, plural, pair and uncountable. The pair, which is not the same as dual, is used about things that consists of two parts (like scissors, pants) or usually appear in pairs (such as gloves, eyes, twins). The singular number has zero marking, while the others are formed by adding suffixes as shown below. | |||
:In the following tables, the column "Replace with..." shows which suffix is added, depending on what letter(s) the word ends with, as indicated on the column "If word ends with..." V stands for any vowel and C for any consonant. The symbols 0, ♂ and ♀ specify words that have the neuter, masculine resp. feminine gender. | |||
{| border=1 style="text-align: | {| border=1 style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align: left; background: white; border: 1pt solid #000000;" | ||
|+ colspan=17 style="text-align:center; background: white;"| Forming the plural | |||
|- style="vertical-align: center; width: 25px; font-size: 100%; height: 2em; border: 1pt solid #000000" | |- style="vertical-align: center; width: 25px; font-size: 100%; height: 2em; border: 1pt solid #000000" | ||
! If word ends with... | ! If word ends with... | ||
! Replace with... | ! Replace with... | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -a | | -a || -i | ||
| -i | |||
|- | |- | ||
| -e | | -e || -i | ||
| -i | |||
|- | |- | ||
| -á,é,i,ó,ú | | -á,é,i,ó,ú || -í | ||
| -í | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |valign="top" | -í | ||
| 0 -íu | | 0 -íu <br>♂ -ío <br>♀ -ía | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | -o || -oi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | -u || -ui | ||
|- | |- | ||
| - | |valign="top" | -C | ||
| | | 0 +i <br>♂ +o <br>♀ +a | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -(V)VV || -aia | |||
| -(V)VV | |||
| -aia | |||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 11:32, 6 May 2009
| Liu Liu | |
| Spoken in: | |
| Conworld: | |
| Total speakers: | |
| Genealogical classification: |
|
| Basic word order: | |
| Morphological type: | |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | nominative-accusative |
| Writing system: | |
| Created by: | |
| Qwynegold | |
Phonology and phonotactics
| Consonants | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Labiod. | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alv. | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||
| Nasals | m | n | ||||||||||||||
| Plosives | p | b | t | d | k | g | ||||||||||
| Affricates, clusters and other | ts | ks | kʷ | |||||||||||||
| Fricatives | f | v | s | h | ||||||||||||
| Approximants | ɹ | |||||||||||||||
| Lateral Approximant | l | |||||||||||||||
| Vowels | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | ||||||
| High | i | u | ||||||||
| High-mid | e | o | ||||||||
| Mid | ||||||||||
| Low-mid | ||||||||||
| Low | a | |||||||||
The syllable structure is (C)(C)(C)V(V/ː)(C)(C). Liu has phonemic vowel and consonant length constrast. Stress is random.
Grammars
Nouns
Liu has three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. Masculine nouns usually end with -e or -o, and feminines with -a. Neuter nouns have no particular ending.
- There are four kinds of number: singular, plural, pair and uncountable. The pair, which is not the same as dual, is used about things that consists of two parts (like scissors, pants) or usually appear in pairs (such as gloves, eyes, twins). The singular number has zero marking, while the others are formed by adding suffixes as shown below.
- In the following tables, the column "Replace with..." shows which suffix is added, depending on what letter(s) the word ends with, as indicated on the column "If word ends with..." V stands for any vowel and C for any consonant. The symbols 0, ♂ and ♀ specify words that have the neuter, masculine resp. feminine gender.
| If word ends with... | Replace with... |
|---|---|
| -a | -i |
| -e | -i |
| -á,é,i,ó,ú | -í |
| -í | 0 -íu ♂ -ío ♀ -ía |
| -o | -oi |
| -u | -ui |
| -C | 0 +i ♂ +o ♀ +a |
| -(V)VV | -aia |
