Proto-Uralic/A: Difference between revisions
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| "to leave" | | "to leave" | ||
| S. *kuoðé- || kɯĺ- || koĺ- || haɟ- || *kuuĺ- || *kaaj- || *kåjä- | | S. *kuoðé- || kɯĺ- || koĺ- || haɟ- || *kuuĺ- || *kaaj- || *kåjä- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to sink" | | "to sink" | ||
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| F. talas || tɯlɯs || - || - || *tuul || - || - | | F. talas || tɯlɯs || - || - || *tuul || - || - | ||
| Ms = "pole". Samic '''*tálo'''; unless (with F.) from Baltic *tala- | | Ms = "pole". Samic '''*tálo'''; unless (with F.) from Baltic *tala- | ||
|- | |||
| "to step" | |||
| F. askel- || ućkɯl- || vośkol- || - || *uusəl || - || *äsəl | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "to drive" | | "to drive" | ||
Line 67: | Line 67: | ||
| F. saa- || - || su- || - || - || - || *tåj- | | F. saa- || - || su- || - || - || - || *tåj- | ||
| *saxi | | *saxi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "word" | | "word" | ||
Line 202: | Line 198: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to stretch" | | "to stretch" | ||
| S. *ńuoncé- || colspan="2" align="center"| *ńuž- || - || ńuunš- || ńɯɯnč || - | | S. *ńuoncé- || colspan="2" align="center"| *ńuž- || - || *ńuunš- || *ńɯɯnč || - | ||
|} | |} | ||
<!-- Delt |- | |||
| "to flay" | |||
| S. *ńuovɤ- || colspan="2" align="center"| *ńij- || ńuuz- || *ńuuj- || - || - | |||
| Could also be *o--> | |||
==Appendix: Vowel correspondences for Ob-Ugric== | ==Appendix: Vowel correspondences for Ob-Ugric== |
Revision as of 07:28, 20 March 2009
The many and varied cognates of Finno-Volgaic *a. (→ Finnic and Mordvinic *a, Samic *uo; Mari *o, except *ë → ü)
Sorted by the Ob-Ugric / Samoyed results.
Lexeme | FV example | Udmurt | Komi | Hungarian | Mansi | Khanty | Samoyedic | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ms. / Kh. *uu, Smy. *å (standard PU *a) | ||||||||
"fish" | F. kala | - | - | hal | *kuul | *kuuɬ | *kålä | |
"bit" | F. pala | - | - | fal | *puul | *puuɬ | *pålä | Mari pultəš, possibly Komi palak "hole" |
"pot" | F. pata | - | - | fazeek | *puut | *puut | - | |
"to open" | Mk. panže- | - | - | - | *puunš | *puunč | - | |
"crow" | F. varis | - | - | varjuu | *uurin | *uurŋ- ~ warŋ- | *wər- | |
"mountain" | S. *váré | - | - | - | *wur | *wuur | *wårå | F. vuori pointing to *ax |
"to go carefully" | S. váncé- | vɯž- | vuž- | - | *wuunč- | *uunč- | *wånč- | |
Ms. *uu, Kh. *aa, Smy. *å (standard PU *a also) | ||||||||
"to carry" | F. kanta- | - | - | - | *kuunt | *kaant | *kån- | |
"to steal" | F. sala- | - | - | - | *tuul- | *ɬaaɬ- | *tål- ? | |
"flood, lake" | F. sarajas | - | - | aar | *tuur | *ɬaar | - | |
"to leave" | S. *kuoðé- | kɯĺ- | koĺ- | haɟ- | *kuuĺ- | *kaaj- | *kåjä- | |
"to sink" | F. vajo- | vɯjɯ- | vɤj- | vejse- | *uuj- | - | - | |
"hut" | F. talas | tɯlɯs | - | - | *tuul | - | - | Ms = "pole". Samic *tálo; unless (with F.) from Baltic *tala- |
"to step" | F. askel- | ućkɯl- | vośkol- | - | *uusəl | - | *äsəl | |
"to drive" | F. aja- | uj- | voj- | - | *wujt- | - | - | ← IE *aɟe- ? |
"to dig" | F. kaiva- | kuj- | koj- | hajiit | - | - | *käjwå- | |
"to receive" | F. saa- | - | su- | - | - | - | *tåj- | *saxi |
"word" | F. vala | - | - | - | - | - | *wålä | |
"in-law" | F. nato | - | - | - | - | - | *nåto | Mari nudo |
"to rain" | F. sata- | - | - | - | - | - | *såtå- | |
"sun" | F. kaja- | - | - | - | - | - | *kåjå | |
"ground" | F. tanner | - | - | - | - | - | *tåntə- | |
"branch" | S. *suorké | - | - | - | - | - | *tårkå | |
"to stick" | S. *čuoŋké- | - | - | - | - | - | *såŋkə- | |
"spirit" | Mk. vajmä | - | - | - | - | - | *wäjŋ- | |
"to stand" | Liv. saiso- | - | sidź- | - | *tuunś | *ɬaanć | - | Highly irregular: Finnish seiso-, Mordvinic *śta-, *Mari šinće- |
Ms. *ɯɯ, Kh. *aa, Smy. *ɤ (standard PU *ë) | ||||||||
"tree stump" | F. kanto | - | gid | - | *kɯɯnt | *kaant | - | Komi = "bend, bottom", may not belong |
"mushroom" | Mk. pango | - | - | - | *pɯɯŋk | *paaŋk | - | |
"pole" | F. salko | - | dźal | saal | *sɯɯɣlaa | *saaɣəɬ | - | ← PIE *ɟʱalgʱaa ? |
"wet place" | Mk. ńar | *ńur | *ńɯɯr | - | *ńɤr | |||
"100" | Mk. śada | śu | śo | saaz | *šɯɯt | *saat | - | ← PII *śata; separate loans? |
"gills" | S. *ńuokčɤm | - | ńokćim | *ńɯɯkśəm | *ńaa(ŋ)kśəm | ?? (Nen. ńińśku, Kam. neeni) | Mari nošmo | |
"hair" | S. *vuoptɤ | - | - | - | *ɯɯt | *aapət | *ɤptə | |
"cartilage" | S. *ńuorkés | ńiir | *ńɯɯrəɣ | *ńaarəɣ | *ńɤr | Hungarian points to ëx, cf. next | ||
"vein" | Mk. san | *sɤn | iin | *tɯɯn | *ɬaan | *čɤn | ëx! Finnish suoni | |
"arrow" | Mk. nal | ńil | ńɯl | ńiil | *ńɯɯl | *ńaaɬ | *ńɤəj | ëx! Finnish nuoli, Mari nölö ?? |
"fish skin" | Mk. śav | *śɤm | - | *sɯɯm | *saam | Nen. śaaw ?? | ëx! Finnish suomu | |
"bird cherry" | S. *ðuomɤ | *ĺɤm | - | *ĺɯɯm | *joom | *jɤəm | ëx! Finnish tuomi, Mordvin ĺom, Mari lom | |
"land" | F. maa | *mu | - | *mɯɯ | *meɣ | - | ëxi! Mari mu | |
"child, cradle" | F. lapsi | - | - | - | - | - | *jɤpsə / *lɤpsə | |
Ms. *aa, Kh. *uu / *ɯɯ, Smy. *ɯ (standard PU *ï ?) | ||||||||
"down" | F. ala- | *ul | al- | *jaal | *ɯɯɬ | *ɯlə | Mari ïl | |
"liver" | F. maksa | *musk | maaj | *maajət | *muuɣəɬ | *mɯtə | ||
"to put" | F. ahta- | - | oktɯ- | - | - | *ɯɯɣət | *ɯtå- | |
"lord" | Mk. azor | uzɯr | ozɯr | - | *aatər | - | - | |
to be sorted | ||||||||
"opening" | S. *vuoŋɤs | ɯm | vom ~ vɤm | aj ~ aaj | - | *ooŋ | *äŋ | Mo. *oŋkśt, Mari äŋ - here because of F. *aukko, which possibly < *aŋa- "to open" ? |
"tame" | S. *vuońɤs | - | - | - | - | *ońɯ | *ɯńə | |
"wall" | F. pato | - | - | fal | - | *paɬ | - | |
"mother-in-law" | F. anoppi | - | - | - | *aanəp | *oonəp | *ɯnå | |
"to hit" | Mk. šavo- | - | - | - | *šɯɯŋkʷ- | *čooŋk- | *čåŋå- | Samic *cáŋmé-. Note Mansi labialization! |
"light" | F. salama | - | - | - | *sɯɯl | *sal- | *sålə | |
"to open" | F. ava- | - | - | old-, ood- | *ɯɯŋk- | ?? aa~ee | - | |
"to leave" | Mk. valgo- | *wɯɯɣəl | ? aa~ee | - | Mari wole | |||
"village" | F. palva- | - | - | falu | *pɯɯwəl | *puuɣəɬ | - | |
"to stretch" | S. *ńuoncé- | *ńuž- | - | *ńuunš- | *ńɯɯnč | - |
Appendix: Vowel correspondences for Ob-Ugric
Letters in parentheses are the relevant StarLing dialect codes.
Mansi
Proto-Mansi | North () | East () | South () | West () |
---|---|---|---|---|
*aa | åå | |||
*ɯɯ | aa | ɤɤ | ||
*uu | uu | uu |
Khanty
Proto-Khanty | North () | East () | South () |
---|---|---|---|
*aa | ɔɔ | aa | aa |
*åå | oo | ||
*ɯɯ | ɯɯ | ||
*uu | uu | uu |