Nabhika: Difference between revisions
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<tr><td>Do</td><td></td><td>Go</td><td></td><td>Be</td><td></td><td>Come</td><td></td></tr> | <tr><td>Do</td><td></td><td>Go</td><td></td><td>Be</td><td></td><td>Come</td><td></td></tr> | ||
<tr><td>baḷ</td><td>baḷmath</td><td>ṣa</td><td>ṣameth</td> | <tr><td>baḷ</td><td>baḷmath</td><td>ṣa</td><td>ṣameth</td></td><td>dha</td><td>dhamath</td><td>madń</td><td>maḍńmath</td></tr> | ||
<tr><td>biḷane</td><td>bioḷaṣe</td><td>ṣiane</td><td>ṣaṣe</td><td>dhane</td><td>dhoi</td><td>miḍańe</td><td>mioḍaṣṇe</td></tr> | <tr><td>biḷane</td><td>bioḷaṣe</td><td>ṣiane</td><td>ṣaṣe</td><td>dhane</td><td>dhoi</td><td>miḍańe</td><td>mioḍaṣṇe</td></tr> | ||
<tr><td>boḷu</td><td>abōḷima</td><td>ṣō</td><td>aṣōima</td><td>dhō</td><td>adhōima</td><td>moḍuń</td><td>amōḍimań</td></tr> | <tr><td>boḷu</td><td>abōḷima</td><td>ṣō</td><td>aṣōima</td><td>dhō</td><td>adhōima</td><td>moḍuń</td><td>amōḍimań</td></tr> |
Revision as of 13:26, 15 March 2009
Note: From this point on, // contain phonemic transcription, [] contain phonetic transcription, but Nabhikan words will be in bold.
Nabhika | |
---|---|
Pronounced: | /nabʰika/ |
Timeline and Universe: | none |
Species: | Human |
Spoken: | Nakat |
Total speakers: | 13 million |
Writing system: | Latin |
Genealogy: | ... |
Typology | |
Morphological type: | Agglutinative |
Morphosyntactic alignment: | Nominative-Accusative |
Basic word order: | SVO |
Credits | |
Creator: | ILuvEire |
Created: | February 2009 |
Phonology
Consonants
Consonants | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bilabial | Labiod. | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Velar | Glottal | ||||||||||
Nasal | m | n | ɳ ṇ | ŋ ng | ||||||||||||
Plosive | p pʰ ph | b bʱ bh | t tʰ th | d dʱ dh | ɖ ḍ | ʈ ṭ | k kʰ kh | g gʱ gh | ||||||||
Fricative | f | v | s | z | ʂ ṣ | ʐ ẓ | h | |||||||||
Trill | r | ɽ ṛ | ||||||||||||||
Lateral Approximant | l | ɭ ḷ |
When the IPA is the same as the transcription, no extra character is put down. If there's a change from IPA, it's noted. An h is added to show aspiration, and ̣ (under-dot) is used to indicate the consonant is retroflex.
Vowels
Vowels | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Front | Near-front | Central | Back | |||||||
High | i | u | ||||||||
High-mid | e | o | ||||||||
Low | a |
Any vowel can be lengthened, and it's marked with a macron.
Nouns
Nabhika words use two genders, animate and inanimate. There are three numbers, singular, dual, and plural. Many, many nouns use a triconsonantal root. These nouns frequently are changed into verbs.
Cases
Case | Suffix | Example 1 | Example 2 |
Nominative | None | zvan-dog | bhāṣika |
Accusative | -a | zvana | bhāṣikā |
Gentitive | -i | zvani | bhāṣikai |
When a word ending with an a is in the accusative case, the vowel is lengthened. Similarly, when a noun is in the gentitive case and ends with an i the vowel is just long.
Plurals
- For the dual number, you'll need to change the vowel of the last syllable. Then add the suffix ṣi.
a | -> | e | |
e | -> | i | |
i | -> | ī | |
o | -> | i | |
u | -> | e |
- The plural just lengthens the last vowel and adds the suffix -ra.
Examples
Singular | Meaning | Dual | Plural |
Zavān | dog | zavēnṣi | zavānra |
Bhāṣika | language | bhāṣikeṣi | bhāṣikāra |
Pronouns
In informal Nabhika, men use one set of pronouns, and women use another set. Men use the woman's set when speaking formally.
Masculine Pronouns
Singular | Plural | |
First person | ta | nā |
Second person | an | tunā |
Third person | hū | i |
Feminine Pronouns
Singular | Plural | |
First person | le | nanu |
Second person | kim | kuma |
Third person | aromi | ṣi |
Verbs
Nabhika uses a triconsonantal root, like many Semitic languages.
Tense | Affirmative | Negative |
Past | CaCC | CaCCmath |
Present | CoCuC | aCōCimaC |
Future | CiCaCne | CioCaṣCe |
And, and example verb (zvn - to bark) conjugated:
Tense | Affirmative | Negative |
Past | zavn | zavnmath |
Present | zovun | azōviman |
Future | zivanne | ziovaṣṇe |
Irregular Verbs
Do | Go | Be | Come | ||||
baḷ | baḷmath | ṣa | ṣameth | dha | dhamath | madń | maḍńmath |
biḷane | bioḷaṣe | ṣiane | ṣaṣe | dhane | dhoi | miḍańe | mioḍaṣṇe |
boḷu | abōḷima | ṣō | aṣōima | dhō | adhōima | moḍuń | amōḍimań |
bḷiā | ābḷōń | ṣīā | āṣōń | dhā | ādhōń | mḍińā | āmoḍńoń |
Adjectives
Sample Text
An introduction
Ta Taileḷ moḍuń. Nat zvānra moḍuń. Iń Sirenia ṇoḷuń horuth.