Proto-Uralic/A: Difference between revisions
From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
(Häkkinen done except -aCa) |
(aCV col. 1) |
||
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
| F. askel- || ućkɯl- || vośkol- || - || *uusəl || - || *äsəl | | F. askel- || ućkɯl- || vośkol- || - || *uusəl || - || *äsəl | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to | | "to drive" | ||
| | | F. aja- || uj- || voj- || - || '''*wujt-''' || - || - | ||
| | | ← IE *aɟe- ? | ||
|- | |||
| "to dig" | |||
| F. kaiva- || kuj- || koj- || hajiit || - || - || *käjwå- | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "to receive" | | "to receive" | ||
| F. saa- || - || su- || - || - || - || *tåj- | | F. saa- || - || su- || - || - || - || *tåj- | ||
| *saxi | | *saxi | ||
|- | |||
| "to flay" | |||
| S. *ńuovɤ- || colspan="2" align="center"| *ńij- || ńuuz- || *ńuuj- || - || - | |||
| Could also be *o | |||
|- | |||
| "in-law" | |||
| F. nato || - || - || - || - || - || *nato | |||
| Mari '''nudo''' | |||
|- | |||
| "sun" | |||
| F. kaja- || - || - || - || - || - || *kåjå | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "ground" | | "ground" | ||
| Line 55: | Line 69: | ||
| "spirit" | | "spirit" | ||
| Mk. vajmä || - || - || - || - || - || *wäjŋ- | | Mk. vajmä || - || - || - || - || - || *wäjŋ- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to stand" | | "to stand" | ||
| Line 91: | Line 102: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "cartilage" | | "cartilage" | ||
| S. *ńuorkés || || || | | S. *ńuorkés || || || ńiir || *ńɯɯrəɣ || *ńaarəɣ || '''*ńɤr''' | ||
| Hungarian points to ''ëx'' | | Hungarian points to ''ëx'', cf. next | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "vein" | | "vein" | ||
| Line 107: | Line 118: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "bird cherry" | | "bird cherry" | ||
| S. *ðuomɤ || colspan="2" align="center"| *ĺɤm || - || *ĺɯɯm || '''* | | S. *ðuomɤ || colspan="2" align="center"| *ĺɤm || - || *ĺɯɯm || '''*joom''' || *jɤəm | ||
| ''ëx''! Finnish tuomi, Mordvin '''ĺom''', Mari '''lom''' | | ''ëx''! Finnish tuomi, Mordvin '''ĺom''', Mari '''lom''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 134: | Line 145: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "opening" | | "opening" | ||
| S. *vuoŋɤs || ɯm || vom ~ vɤm || aj ~ aaj || - || * | | S. *vuoŋɤs || ɯm || vom ~ vɤm || aj ~ aaj || - || *ooŋ || *äŋ | ||
| Mo. '''*oŋkśt''', Mari '''äŋ''' - here because of F. *aukko, which possibly < *aŋa- "to open" ? | | Mo. '''*oŋkśt''', Mari '''äŋ''' - here because of F. *aukko, which possibly < *aŋa- "to open" ? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "tame" | | "tame" | ||
| S. *vuońɤs || - || - || - || - || * | | S. *vuońɤs || - || - || - || - || *ońɯ || *ɯńə | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "mother-in-law" | | "mother-in-law" | ||
| F. anoppi || - || - || - || *aanəp || * | | F. anoppi || - || - || - || *aanəp || *oonəp || *ɯnå | ||
|- | |||
| "to hit" | |||
| Mk. šavo- || - || - || - || *šɯɯŋkʷ- || *čooŋk- || *čåŋå- | |||
| Samic '''*cáŋmé-'''. Note Mansi labialization! | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "to open" | | "to open" | ||
Revision as of 06:23, 20 March 2009
The many and varied cognates of Finno-Volgaic *a. (→ Finnic and Mordvinic *a, Samic *uo; Mari *a, except *ë → ü)
Sorted by the Ob-Ugric / Samoyed results.
| Lexeme | FV example | Udmurt | Komi | Hungarian | Mansi | Khanty | Samoyedic | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ms. / Kh. *uu, Smy. *å (standard PU *a) | ||||||||
| "fish" | F. kala | - | - | hal | *kuul | *kuuɬ | *kålä | |
| "pot" | F. pata | - | - | fazeek | *puut | *puut | - | |
| "to open" | Mk. panže- | - | - | - | *puunš | *puunč | - | |
| "to go carefully" | S. váncé- | vɯž- | vuž- | - | *wuunč- | *uunč- | *wånč- | |
| Ms. *uu, Kh. *aa, Smy. *å (standard PU *a also) | ||||||||
| "to carry" | F. kanta- | - | - | - | *kuunt | *kaant | *kån- | |
| "to steal" | F. sala- | - | - | - | *tuul- | *ɬaaɬ- | *tål- ? | |
| "to leave" | S. *kuoðé- | kɯĺ- | koĺ- | haɟ- | *kuuĺ- | *kaaj- | *kåjä- | |
| "to step" | F. askel- | ućkɯl- | vośkol- | - | *uusəl | - | *äsəl | |
| "to drive" | F. aja- | uj- | voj- | - | *wujt- | - | - | ← IE *aɟe- ? |
| "to dig" | F. kaiva- | kuj- | koj- | hajiit | - | - | *käjwå- | |
| "to receive" | F. saa- | - | su- | - | - | - | *tåj- | *saxi |
| "to flay" | S. *ńuovɤ- | *ńij- | ńuuz- | *ńuuj- | - | - | Could also be *o | |
| "in-law" | F. nato | - | - | - | - | - | *nato | Mari nudo |
| "sun" | F. kaja- | - | - | - | - | - | *kåjå | |
| "ground" | F. tanner | - | - | - | - | - | *tåntə- | |
| "branch" | S. *suorké | - | - | - | - | - | *tårkå | |
| "to stick" | S. *čuoŋké- | - | - | - | - | - | *såŋkə- | |
| "spirit" | Mk. vajmä | - | - | - | - | - | *wäjŋ- | |
| "to stand" | Liv. saiso- | - | sidź- | - | *tuunś | *ɬaanć | - | Highly irregular: Finnish seiso-, Mordvinic *śta-, *Mari šinće- |
| Ms. *ɯɯ, Kh. *aa, Smy. *ɤ (standard PU *ë) | ||||||||
| "tree stump" | F. kanto | - | gid | - | *kɯɯnt | *kaant | - | Komi = "bend, bottom", may not belong |
| "mushroom" | Mk. pango | - | - | - | *pɯɯŋk | *paaŋk | - | |
| "pole" | F. salko | - | dźal | saal | *sɯɯɣlaa | *saaɣəɬ | - | ← PIE *ɟʱalgʱaa ? |
| "wet place" | Mk. ńar | *ńur | *ńɯɯr | - | *ńɤr | |||
| "100" | Mk. śada | śu | śo | saaz | *šɯɯt | *saat | - | ← PII *śata; separate loans? |
| "gills" | S. *ńuokčɤm | - | ńokćim | *ńɯɯkśəm | *ńaa(ŋ)kśəm | ?? (Nen. ńińśku, Kam. neeni) | Mari nošmo | |
| "hair" | S. *vuoptɤ | - | - | - | *ɯɯt | *aapət | *ɤptə | |
| "cartilage" | S. *ńuorkés | ńiir | *ńɯɯrəɣ | *ńaarəɣ | *ńɤr | Hungarian points to ëx, cf. next | ||
| "vein" | Mk. san | *sɤn | iin | *tɯɯn | *ɬaan | *čɤn | ëx! Finnish suoni | |
| "arrow" | Mk. nal | ńil | ńɯl | ńiil | *ńɯɯl | *ńaaɬ | *ńɤəj | ëx! Finnish nuoli, Mari nölö ?? |
| "fish skin" | Mk. śav | *śɤm | - | *sɯɯm | *saam | Nen. śaaw ?? | ëx! Finnish suomu | |
| "bird cherry" | S. *ðuomɤ | *ĺɤm | - | *ĺɯɯm | *joom | *jɤəm | ëx! Finnish tuomi, Mordvin ĺom, Mari lom | |
| "land" | F. maa | *mu | - | *mɯɯ | *meɣ | - | ëxi! Mari mu | |
| "child, cradle" | F. lapsi | - | - | - | - | - | *jɤpsə / *lɤpsə | |
| Ms. *aa, Kh. *uu / *ɯɯ, Smy. *ɯ (standard PU *ï ?) | ||||||||
| "down" | F. ala- | *ul | al- | *jaal | *ɯɯɬ | *ɯlə | Mari ïl | |
| "liver" | F. maksa | *musk | maaj | *maajət | *muuɣəɬ | *mɯtə | ||
| "to put" | F. ahta- | - | oktɯ- | - | - | *ɯɯɣət | *ɯtå- | |
| "lord" | Mk. azor | uzɯr | ozɯr | - | *aatər | - | - | |
| to be sorted | ||||||||
| "opening" | S. *vuoŋɤs | ɯm | vom ~ vɤm | aj ~ aaj | - | *ooŋ | *äŋ | Mo. *oŋkśt, Mari äŋ - here because of F. *aukko, which possibly < *aŋa- "to open" ? |
| "tame" | S. *vuońɤs | - | - | - | - | *ońɯ | *ɯńə | |
| "mother-in-law" | F. anoppi | - | - | - | *aanəp | *oonəp | *ɯnå | |
| "to hit" | Mk. šavo- | - | - | - | *šɯɯŋkʷ- | *čooŋk- | *čåŋå- | Samic *cáŋmé-. Note Mansi labialization! |
| "to open" | F. ava- | - | - | old-, ood- | *ɯɯŋk- | ?? aa~ee | - | |
| "to leave" | Mk. valgo- | *wɯɯɣəl | ? aa~ee | - | Mari wole | |||
| "village" | F. palva- | - | - | falu | *pɯɯwəl | *puuɣəɬ | - | |
| "to stretch" | S. *ńuoncé- | *ńuž- | - | ńuunš- | ńɯɯnč | - | ||
Appendix: Vowel correspondences for Ob-Ugric
Letters in parentheses are the relevant StarLing dialect codes.
Mansi
| Proto-Mansi | North () | East () | South () | West () |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *aa | åå | |||
| *ɯɯ | aa | ɤɤ | ||
| *uu | uu | uu |
Khanty
| Proto-Khanty | North () | East () | South () |
|---|---|---|---|
| *aa | ɔɔ | aa | aa |
| *åå | oo | ||
| *ɯɯ | ɯɯ | ||
| *uu | uu | uu |
