Proto-Uralic/A: Difference between revisions
From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
(OBUg vowels reference) |
(Häkkinen done except -aCa) |
||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
| "to open" | | "to open" | ||
| Mk. panže- || - || -|| - || *puunš || *puunč || - | | Mk. panže- || - || -|| - || *puunš || *puunč || - | ||
|- | |||
| "to go carefully" | |||
| S. '''váncé-''' || vɯž- || vuž- || - || *wuunč- || *uunč- || *wånč- | |||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |- style="background:#A0FFA0" | ||
! colspan="8"| Ms. ''*uu'', Kh. ''*aa'', Smy. ''*å'' (standard PU ''*a'' also) | ! colspan="8"| Ms. ''*uu'', Kh. ''*aa'', Smy. ''*å'' (standard PU ''*a'' also) | ||
| Line 28: | Line 31: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to leave" | | "to leave" | ||
| S. *kuoðé- || | | S. *kuoðé- || kɯĺ- || koĺ- || haɟ- || *kuuĺ- || *kaaj- || *kåjä- | ||
|- | |||
| "to step" | |||
| F. askel- || ućkɯl- || vośkol- || - || *uusəl || - || *äsəl | |||
|- | |||
| "to flay" | |||
| S. *ńuovɤ- || colspan="2" align="center"| *ńuj- || ńuuz- || *ńuuj- || - || - | |||
| Could also be *o | |||
|- | |||
| "to receive" | |||
| F. saa- || - || su- || - || - || - || *tåj- | |||
| *saxi | |||
|- | |||
| "ground" | |||
| F. tanner || - || - || - || - || - || *tåntə- | |||
|- | |||
| "branch" | |||
| S. *suorké || - || - || - || - || - || *tårkå | |||
|- | |||
| "to stick" | |||
| S. *čuoŋké- || - || - || - || - || - || *såŋkə- | |||
|- | |||
| "spirit" | |||
| Mk. vajmä || - || - || - || - || - || *wäjŋ- | |||
|- | |||
| "to dig" | |||
| F. *kaiva- || kuj- || koj- || hajiit || - || - || *käjwå- | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "to stand" | | "to stand" | ||
| Line 37: | Line 66: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "tree stump" | | "tree stump" | ||
| F. kanto || - || gid || || *kɯɯnt || *kaant || - | | F. kanto || - || '''gid''' || - || *kɯɯnt || *kaant || - | ||
| Komi = "bend, bottom", may not belong | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "mushroom" | | "mushroom" | ||
| Line 43: | Line 73: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "pole" | | "pole" | ||
| F. salko || || dźal || saal || *sɯɯɣlaa || *saaɣəɬ || - | | F. salko || - || dźal || saal || *sɯɯɣlaa || *saaɣəɬ || - | ||
| ← PIE *ɟʱalgʱaa | | ← PIE *ɟʱalgʱaa ? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "wet place" | | "wet place" | ||
| Line 51: | Line 81: | ||
| "100" | | "100" | ||
| Mk. śada || śu || śo || saaz || *šɯɯt || *saat || - | | Mk. śada || śu || śo || saaz || *šɯɯt || *saat || - | ||
| ← PII *śata | | ← PII *śata; separate loans? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "gills" | | "gills" | ||
| Line 99: | Line 129: | ||
| F. ahta- || - || oktɯ- || - || - || *ɯɯɣət || *ɯtå- | | F. ahta- || - || oktɯ- || - || - || *ɯɯɣət || *ɯtå- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "lord" || Mk. azor || uzɯr || ozɯr || - || * | | "lord" || Mk. azor || uzɯr || ozɯr || - || *aatər || - || - | ||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |- style="background:#A0FFA0" | ||
! colspan="8"| to be sorted | ! colspan="8"| to be sorted | ||
|- | |||
| "opening" | |||
| S. *vuoŋɤs || ɯm || vom ~ vɤm || aj ~ aaj || - || *ååŋ || *äŋ | |||
| Mo. '''*oŋkśt''', Mari '''äŋ''' - here because of F. *aukko, which possibly < *aŋa- "to open" ? | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "tame" | | "tame" | ||
| S. *vuońɤs || - || - || - || - || *ååńɯ || *ɯńə | | S. *vuońɤs || - || - || - || - || *ååńɯ || *ɯńə | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "mother-in-law" | | "mother-in-law" | ||
| Line 118: | Line 153: | ||
| "village" | | "village" | ||
| F. palva- || - || - || falu || *pɯɯwəl || *puuɣəɬ || - | | F. palva- || - || - || falu || *pɯɯwəl || *puuɣəɬ || - | ||
|- | |||
| "to stretch" | |||
| S. *ńuoncé- || colspan="2" align="center"| *ńuž- || - || ńuunš- || ńɯɯnč || - | |||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 08:47, 2 March 2009
The many and varied cognates of Finno-Volgaic *a. (→ Finnic and Mordvinic *a, Samic *uo; Mari *a, except *ë → ü)
Sorted by the Ob-Ugric / Samoyed results.
| Lexeme | FV example | Udmurt | Komi | Hungarian | Mansi | Khanty | Samoyedic | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ms. / Kh. *uu, Smy. *å (standard PU *a) | ||||||||
| "fish" | F. kala | - | - | hal | *kuul | *kuuɬ | *kålä | |
| "pot" | F. pata | - | - | fazeek | *puut | *puut | - | |
| "to open" | Mk. panže- | - | - | - | *puunš | *puunč | - | |
| "to go carefully" | S. váncé- | vɯž- | vuž- | - | *wuunč- | *uunč- | *wånč- | |
| Ms. *uu, Kh. *aa, Smy. *å (standard PU *a also) | ||||||||
| "to carry" | F. kanta- | - | - | - | *kuunt | *kaant | *kån- | |
| "to steal" | F. sala- | - | - | - | *tuul- | *ɬaaɬ- | *tål- ? | |
| "to leave" | S. *kuoðé- | kɯĺ- | koĺ- | haɟ- | *kuuĺ- | *kaaj- | *kåjä- | |
| "to step" | F. askel- | ućkɯl- | vośkol- | - | *uusəl | - | *äsəl | |
| "to flay" | S. *ńuovɤ- | *ńuj- | ńuuz- | *ńuuj- | - | - | Could also be *o | |
| "to receive" | F. saa- | - | su- | - | - | - | *tåj- | *saxi |
| "ground" | F. tanner | - | - | - | - | - | *tåntə- | |
| "branch" | S. *suorké | - | - | - | - | - | *tårkå | |
| "to stick" | S. *čuoŋké- | - | - | - | - | - | *såŋkə- | |
| "spirit" | Mk. vajmä | - | - | - | - | - | *wäjŋ- | |
| "to dig" | F. *kaiva- | kuj- | koj- | hajiit | - | - | *käjwå- | |
| "to stand" | Liv. saiso- | - | sidź- | - | *tuunś | *ɬaanć | - | Highly irregular: Finnish seiso-, Mordvinic *śta-, *Mari šinće- |
| Ms. *ɯɯ, Kh. *aa, Smy. *ɤ (standard PU *ë) | ||||||||
| "tree stump" | F. kanto | - | gid | - | *kɯɯnt | *kaant | - | Komi = "bend, bottom", may not belong |
| "mushroom" | Mk. pango | - | - | - | *pɯɯŋk | *paaŋk | - | |
| "pole" | F. salko | - | dźal | saal | *sɯɯɣlaa | *saaɣəɬ | - | ← PIE *ɟʱalgʱaa ? |
| "wet place" | Mk. ńar | *ńur | *ńɯɯr | - | *ńɤr | |||
| "100" | Mk. śada | śu | śo | saaz | *šɯɯt | *saat | - | ← PII *śata; separate loans? |
| "gills" | S. *ńuokčɤm | - | ńokćim | *ńɯɯkśəm | *ńaa(ŋ)kśəm | ?? (Nen. ńińśku, Kam. neeni) | Mari nošmo | |
| "hair" | S. *vuoptɤ | - | - | - | *ɯɯt | *aapət | *ɤptə | |
| "cartilage" | S. *ńuorkés | ńiir | *ńɯɯrəɣ | *ńaarəɣ | *ńɤr | Hungarian points to ëx | ||
| "vein" | Mk. san | *sɤn | iin | *tɯɯn | *ɬaan | *čɤn | ëx! Finnish suoni | |
| "arrow" | Mk. nal | ńil | ńɯl | ńiil | *ńɯɯl | *ńaaɬ | *ńɤəj | ëx! Finnish nuoli, Mari nölö ?? |
| "fish skin" | Mk. śav | *śɤm | - | *sɯɯm | *saam | Nen. śaaw ?? | ëx! Finnish suomu | |
| "bird cherry" | S. *ðuomɤ | *ĺɤm | - | *ĺɯɯm | *jååm | *jɤəm | ëx! Finnish tuomi, Mordvin ĺom, Mari lom | |
| "land" | F. maa | *mu | - | *mɯɯ | *meɣ | - | ëxi! Mari mu | |
| "child, cradle" | F. lapsi | - | - | - | - | - | *jɤpsə / *lɤpsə | |
| Ms. *aa, Kh. *uu / *ɯɯ, Smy. *ɯ (standard PU *ï ?) | ||||||||
| "down" | F. ala- | *ul | al- | *jaal | *ɯɯɬ | *ɯlə | Mari ïl | |
| "liver" | F. maksa | *musk | maaj | *maajət | *muuɣəɬ | *mɯtə | ||
| "to put" | F. ahta- | - | oktɯ- | - | - | *ɯɯɣət | *ɯtå- | |
| "lord" | Mk. azor | uzɯr | ozɯr | - | *aatər | - | - | |
| to be sorted | ||||||||
| "opening" | S. *vuoŋɤs | ɯm | vom ~ vɤm | aj ~ aaj | - | *ååŋ | *äŋ | Mo. *oŋkśt, Mari äŋ - here because of F. *aukko, which possibly < *aŋa- "to open" ? |
| "tame" | S. *vuońɤs | - | - | - | - | *ååńɯ | *ɯńə | |
| "mother-in-law" | F. anoppi | - | - | - | *aanəp | *åånəp | *ɯnå | |
| "to open" | F. ava- | - | - | old-, ood- | *ɯɯŋk- | ?? aa~ee | - | |
| "to leave" | Mk. valgo- | *wɯɯɣəl | ? aa~ee | - | Mari wole | |||
| "village" | F. palva- | - | - | falu | *pɯɯwəl | *puuɣəɬ | - | |
| "to stretch" | S. *ńuoncé- | *ńuž- | - | ńuunš- | ńɯɯnč | - | ||
Appendix: Vowel correspondences for Ob-Ugric
Letters in parentheses are the relevant StarLing dialect codes.
Mansi
| Proto-Mansi | North () | East () | South () | West () |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *aa | åå | |||
| *ɯɯ | aa | ɤɤ | ||
| *uu | uu | uu |
Khanty
| Proto-Khanty | North () | East () | South () |
|---|---|---|---|
| *aa | ɔɔ | aa | aa |
| *åå | oo | ||
| *ɯɯ | ɯɯ | ||
| *uu | uu | uu |
