Proto-Uralic/A: Difference between revisions

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'''The many and varied cognates of Finno-Volgaic *a.''' (→ Finnic and Mordvinic *a, Mari *o, Samic *uo)
'''The many and varied cognates of Finno-Volgaic *a.''' (→ Finnic and Mordvinic *a, Samic *uo; Mari *a, except *ë → ü)


Sorted by the Ob-Ugric / Samoyed results.
Sorted by the Ob-Ugric / Samoyed results.
Line 7: Line 7:
! Lexeme !! FV example !! Udmurt !! Komi !! Hungarian !! Mansi !! Khanty !! Samoyedic
! Lexeme !! FV example !! Udmurt !! Komi !! Hungarian !! Mansi !! Khanty !! Samoyedic
! Comments
! Comments
|-
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="8" | Ms. / Kh. ''*uu'', Smy. ''*å'' (standard PU ''*a'')
! colspan="8" | Ms. / Kh. ''*uu'', Smy. ''*å'' (standard PU ''*a'')
|-
|-
| "fish" || F. kala || - || - || hal || *kuul || *kuuɬ || *kålä
| "fish"
| F. kala || - || - || hal || *kuul || *kuuɬ || *kålä
|-
|-
| "pot" || F. pata || - || - || fazeek || *puut || *puut || -
| "pot"
| F. pata || - || -|| fazeek || *puut || *puut || -
|-
|-
| "to open" || Mk. panže- || - || - || - || *puunš || *puunč || -
| "to open"
| Mk. panže- || - || -|| - || *puunš || *puunč || -
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="8"| Ms. ''*uu'', Kh. ''*aa'', Smy. ''*å'' (standard PU ''*a'' also)
|-
|-
! colspan="8"| Ms. ''*uu'', Kh. ''*aa'', Smy. ''*å'' (standard PU ''*a'' as well)
| "to carry"
| F. kanta- || - || - || - || *kuunt || *kaant || *kån-
|-
|-
| "to carry" || F. kanta- || - || - || - || *kuunt || *kaant || *kån-
| "to steal"
| F. sala- || - || - || - || *tuul- || *ɬaaɬ- || *tål- '''?'''
|-
|-
| "to steal" || F. sala- || - || - || - || *tuul- || *ɬaaɬ- || *tål- '''?'''
| "to leave"
| S. *kuoðé- || kɨĺ- || koĺ- || haɟ- || *kuuĺ- || *kaaj- || *kåjä-
|-
|-
| "to leave" || S. *kuoðé- || kɨlʲ- || kolʲ- || hagy- || *kuulʲ- || *kaaj- || *kåjä-
| "to stand"
| Liv. saiso- || - || sidź- || - || *tuunś || *ɬaanć || -
| '''Highly irregular''': Finnish seiso-, Mordvinic *śta-, *Mari šinće-
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="8"| Ms. ''*ɯɯ'', Kh. ''*aa'', Smy. ''*ɤ'' (standard PU ''*ë'')
|-
|-
| "to stand" || Liv. saiso- || - || sidź- || - || *tuunś || *ɬaanć || -
| "tree stump"
| Irregular: Finnish seiso-, Mordvinic *śta-, *Mari šinće-
| F. kanto || - || gid || || *kɯɯnt || *kaant || -
|-
|-
! colspan="8"| Ms. ''*ɨɨ'', Kh. ''*aa'', Smy. ''*ɤ'' (standard PU ''*ë'')
| "mushroom"
| Mk. pango || - || - || - || *pɯɯŋk || *paaŋk || -
|-
|-
| "tree stump" || F. kanto || - || gid || || *kɨɨnt || *kaant || -
| "pole"
| F. salko || || dźal || saal || *sɯɯɣlaa || *saaɣəɬ || -
| ← PIE *ɟʱalgʱaa
|-
|-
| "mushroom" || Mk. pango || - || - || - || *pɨɨŋk || *paaŋk || -
| "wet place"
| Mk. ńar || colspan="2" align="center"| *ńur || || *ńɯɯr || - || *ńɤr
|-
|-
| "pole" || F. salko || || dźal || saal || *sɨɨɣlaa || *saaɣəɬ || -
| "100"
| ← PIE *ɟʱalgʱaa
| Mk. śada || śu || śo || saaz || *šɯɯt || *saat || -
| ← PII *śata
|-
|-
| "wet place" || Mk. ńar || colspan="2"| ńur || || *ńɨɨr || - || *ńɤr
| "gills"
| S. *ńuokčɤm || - || ńokćim || || *ńɯɯkśəm || *ńaa(ŋ)kśəm || ?? (Nen. ńińśku, Kam. neeni)
| Mari '''nošmo'''
|-
|-
| "gills" || S. *ńuokčɤm || - || ńokćim || || *ńɨɨkśəm || *ńaa(ŋ)kśəm || ?? (Nen. ńińśku, Kam. neeni)
| "hair"
| S. *vuoptɤ || - || - || - || *ɯɯt || *aapət || *ɤptə
|-
|-
| "cartilage" || S. *ńuorkés || || || '''ńiir''' || *ńɨɨrəɣ || *ńaarəɣ ||*ńɤr
| "cartilage"
| S. *ńuorkés || || || '''ńiir''' || *ńɯɯrəɣ || *ńaarəɣ ||*ńɤr
| Hungarian points to ''ëx''
| Hungarian points to ''ëx''
|-
|-
| "hair" || S. *vuoptɤ || - || - || - || *ɨɨt || *aapət || *ɤptə
| "vein"
| Mari '''üp''' points to ''ëx''
| Mk. san || colspan="2" align="center"| *sɤn || iin || *tɯɯn || *ɬaan || '''*čɤn'''
| ''ëx''! Finnish suoni
|-
|-
| "vein" || Mk. san || colspan="2"| *sɤn || iin || *tɨɨn || *ɬaan || '''*čɤn'''
| "arrow"
| ''ëx''! Finnish suoni, Mari šün
| Mk. nal || ńil || ńɯl || ńiil || *ńɯɯl || *ńaaɬ || *ńɤəj
| ''ëx''! Finnish nuoli, Mari '''nölö''' ??
|-
|-
| "arrow" || Mk. nal || ńil || ńɨl || ńiil || *ńɨɨl || *ńaaɬ || *ńɤəj
| "fish skin"
| ''ëx''! Finnish nuoli, Mari '''nölö''' ??
| Mk. śav || colspan="2" align="center"| *śɤm || - || *sɯɯm || *saam || Nen. śaaw ??
| ''ëx''! Finnish suomu
|-
| "bird cherry"
| S. *ðuomɤ || colspan="2" align="center"| *ĺɤm || - || *ĺɯɯm || '''*jååm''' || *jɤəm
| ''ëx''! Finnish tuomi, Mordvin '''ĺom''', Mari '''lom'''
|-
|-
| "fish skin" || Mk. śav || colspan="2"| *śɤm || - || *sɨɨm || *saam || Nen. śaaw ??
| "land"
| ''ëx''! Finnish suomu, Mari šüm
| F. maa || colspan="2" align="center"| *mu || - || *mɯɯ || '''*meɣ''' || -
| ''ëxi''! Mari mu
|-
|-
! colspan="8"| Ms. ''*ɨɨ'', Kh. ''*aa'', Smy. ''*ɨ'' (standard PU ''*ë'' also)
| "child, cradle"
| F. lapsi || - || - || - || - || - || *jɤpsə / *lɤpsə
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="8"| Ms. ''*aa'', Kh. ''*uu'' / ''*ɯɯ'', Smy. ''*ɯ'' (standard PU ''*ï'' ?)
|-
|-
| "down" || F. ala- || colspan="2"| *ul || *jaal || *ɨɨɬ ||
| "down"
| F. ala- || colspan="2" align="center"| *ul || al- || *jaal || *ɯɯɬ || *ɯlə
| Mari '''ïl'''
| Mari '''ïl'''
|-
|-
| "liver"
| F. maksa || colspan="2" align="center"| *musk || maaj || *maajət || *muuɣəɬ || *mɯtə
|-
| "to put"
| F. ahta- || - || oktɯ- || - || - || *ɯɯɣət || *ɯtå-
|-
| "lord" || Mk. azor || uzɯr || ozɯr || - || *aasər || - || -
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="8"| to be sorted
! colspan="8"| to be sorted
|-
|-
| "lord" || Mk. azor || uzɨr || ozɨr || - || *aasər || - || -
| "tame"
| S. *vuońɤs || - || - || - || - || *ååńɯ || *ɯńə
|-
| "mother-in-law"
| F. anoppi || - || - || - || *aanəp || *åånəp || *ɯnå
|}
|}

Revision as of 08:06, 18 February 2009

The many and varied cognates of Finno-Volgaic *a. (→ Finnic and Mordvinic *a, Samic *uo; Mari *a, except *ë → ü)

Sorted by the Ob-Ugric / Samoyed results.

Lexeme FV example Udmurt Komi Hungarian Mansi Khanty Samoyedic Comments
Ms. / Kh. *uu, Smy. *å (standard PU *a)
"fish" F. kala - - hal *kuul *kuuɬ *kålä
"pot" F. pata - - fazeek *puut *puut -
"to open" Mk. panže- - - - *puunš *puunč -
Ms. *uu, Kh. *aa, Smy. *å (standard PU *a also)
"to carry" F. kanta- - - - *kuunt *kaant *kån-
"to steal" F. sala- - - - *tuul- *ɬaaɬ- *tål- ?
"to leave" S. *kuoðé- kɨĺ- koĺ- haɟ- *kuuĺ- *kaaj- *kåjä-
"to stand" Liv. saiso- - sidź- - *tuunś *ɬaanć - Highly irregular: Finnish seiso-, Mordvinic *śta-, *Mari šinće-
Ms. *ɯɯ, Kh. *aa, Smy. *ɤ (standard PU *ë)
"tree stump" F. kanto - gid *kɯɯnt *kaant -
"mushroom" Mk. pango - - - *pɯɯŋk *paaŋk -
"pole" F. salko dźal saal *sɯɯɣlaa *saaɣəɬ - ← PIE *ɟʱalgʱaa
"wet place" Mk. ńar *ńur *ńɯɯr - *ńɤr
"100" Mk. śada śu śo saaz *šɯɯt *saat - ← PII *śata
"gills" S. *ńuokčɤm - ńokćim *ńɯɯkśəm *ńaa(ŋ)kśəm ?? (Nen. ńińśku, Kam. neeni) Mari nošmo
"hair" S. *vuoptɤ - - - *ɯɯt *aapət *ɤptə
"cartilage" S. *ńuorkés ńiir *ńɯɯrəɣ *ńaarəɣ *ńɤr Hungarian points to ëx
"vein" Mk. san *sɤn iin *tɯɯn *ɬaan *čɤn ëx! Finnish suoni
"arrow" Mk. nal ńil ńɯl ńiil *ńɯɯl *ńaaɬ *ńɤəj ëx! Finnish nuoli, Mari nölö ??
"fish skin" Mk. śav *śɤm - *sɯɯm *saam Nen. śaaw ?? ëx! Finnish suomu
"bird cherry" S. *ðuomɤ *ĺɤm - *ĺɯɯm *jååm *jɤəm ëx! Finnish tuomi, Mordvin ĺom, Mari lom
"land" F. maa *mu - *mɯɯ *meɣ - ëxi! Mari mu
"child, cradle" F. lapsi - - - - - *jɤpsə / *lɤpsə
Ms. *aa, Kh. *uu / *ɯɯ, Smy. *ɯ (standard PU *ï ?)
"down" F. ala- *ul al- *jaal *ɯɯɬ *ɯlə Mari ïl
"liver" F. maksa *musk maaj *maajət *muuɣəɬ *mɯtə
"to put" F. ahta- - oktɯ- - - *ɯɯɣət *ɯtå-
"lord" Mk. azor uzɯr ozɯr - *aasər - -
to be sorted
"tame" S. *vuońɤs - - - - *ååńɯ *ɯńə
"mother-in-law" F. anoppi - - - *aanəp *åånəp *ɯnå
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