Athonite Grammar: Difference between revisions
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===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
*Nouns are divided into three classes known as masculine, feminine, and neuter. | *Nouns are divided into three classes known as masculine, feminine, and neuter. | ||
*Masculine nouns are those preceded by the definite article <font color=blue>ø</font>, ''e.g.'', <font color=blue>ø ánþrop</font>, the man; <font color=blue>ø | *Masculine nouns are those preceded by the definite article <font color=blue>ø</font>, ''e.g.'', <font color=blue>ø ánþrop</font>, the man; <font color=blue>ø pätér</font>, the father. The indefinite article is <font color=blue>en</font>, ''e.g.'', <font color=blue>en kíp</font>, a garden. | ||
*Feminine nouns are those preceded by the definite article <font color=blue>i</font>, ''e.g.'', <font color=blue>i pørt</font>, the door; <font color=blue>i ginék</font>, the woman. The indefinite article is <font color=blue>éni</font>, ''e.g.'', <font color=blue>én' istørí</font>. | *Feminine nouns are those preceded by the definite article <font color=blue>i</font>, ''e.g.'', <font color=blue>i pørt</font>, the door; <font color=blue>i ginék</font>, the woman. The indefinite article is <font color=blue>éni</font>, ''e.g.'', <font color=blue>én' istørí</font>. | ||
*Neuter nouns are those preceded by the definite article <font color=blue>tø</font>, ''e.g.'', <font color=blue>tø | *Neuter nouns are those preceded by the definite article <font color=blue>tø</font>, ''e.g.'', <font color=blue>tø gräfí</font>, the office; <font color=blue>tø péð</font>, the child. The indefinite article is <font color=blue>énä</font>, ''e.g.'', <font color=blue>éna ðømáti</font>. | ||
*The final vowel is elided when it is the same as the initial vowel of the word following, ''e.g.'', <font color=blue>én' istrí</font>; <font color=blue>én' amáx</font>. | *The final vowel is elided when it is the same as the initial vowel of the word following, ''e.g.'', <font color=blue>én' istrí</font>; <font color=blue>én' amáx</font>. | ||
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**<font color=blue>en þi</font>, an uncle > <font color=blue>énos þi</font>, of an uncle | **<font color=blue>en þi</font>, an uncle > <font color=blue>énos þi</font>, of an uncle | ||
**<font color=blue>éni þi</font>, an aunt > <font color=blue>énis þi</font>, of an aunt | **<font color=blue>éni þi</font>, an aunt > <font color=blue>énis þi</font>, of an aunt | ||
**<font color=blue> | **<font color=blue>énä pøð</font>, a foot > <font color=blue>énäs pøð</font>, of the foot | ||
*The plural definite article: | *The plural definite article: | ||
**<font color=blue>ø þis</font>, the uncles > <font color=blue>ton þis</font>, of the uncles | **<font color=blue>ø þis</font>, the uncles > <font color=blue>ton þis</font>, of the uncles | ||
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**<font color=blue>en þi</font>, some uncles > <font color=blue>énon þis</font>, of some uncles | **<font color=blue>en þi</font>, some uncles > <font color=blue>énon þis</font>, of some uncles | ||
**<font color=blue>éni þi</font>, some aunts > <font color=blue>énon þis</font>, of some aunts | **<font color=blue>éni þi</font>, some aunts > <font color=blue>énon þis</font>, of some aunts | ||
**<font color=blue> | **<font color=blue>énä pøð</font>, some feet > <font color=blue>énon pøðs</font>, of some feet | ||
*The genitive case is used to express possession of appurtenance | *The genitive case is used to express possession of appurtenance | ||
**<font color=blue>T' ǿnøm tu | **<font color=blue>T' ǿnøm tu pätér mu Vasíl in</font>, the name of my father is Basil. | ||
**<font color=blue>Ø | **<font color=blue>Ø äðélf mu en fil tu Giórgu in</font>, my brother is a friend of George. | ||
**<font color=blue>I pørt tu spít mu mávr in</font>, the door of my house is black. | **<font color=blue>I pørt tu spít mu mávr in</font>, the door of my house is black. | ||
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**<font color=blue>en þi</font>, an uncle > <font color=blue>énøn þi</font>, an uncle | **<font color=blue>en þi</font>, an uncle > <font color=blue>énøn þi</font>, an uncle | ||
**<font color=blue>éni þi</font>, an aunt > <font color=blue>énin þi</font>, an aunt | **<font color=blue>éni þi</font>, an aunt > <font color=blue>énin þi</font>, an aunt | ||
**<font color=blue> | **<font color=blue>énä pøð</font>, a foot > <font color=blue>énän pøð</font>, the foot | ||
*The plural definite article: | *The plural definite article: | ||
**<font color=blue>ø þis</font>, the uncles > <font color=blue>ta þis</font>, the uncles | **<font color=blue>ø þis</font>, the uncles > <font color=blue>ta þis</font>, the uncles | ||
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**<font color=blue>en þi</font>, some uncles > <font color=blue>énøn þis</font>, some uncles | **<font color=blue>en þi</font>, some uncles > <font color=blue>énøn þis</font>, some uncles | ||
**<font color=blue>éni þi</font>, some aunts > <font color=blue>énin þis</font>, some aunts | **<font color=blue>éni þi</font>, some aunts > <font color=blue>énin þis</font>, some aunts | ||
**<font color=blue> | **<font color=blue>énä pøð</font>, some feet > <font color=blue>énän pøðs</font>, some feet | ||
*The accusative case is used: | *The accusative case is used: | ||
**After the prepositions <font color=blue>se, me, páno se, kontá se, | **After the prepositions <font color=blue>se, me, páno se, kontá se, mésä se, äpǿ, páno äpǿ, káto äpǿ, giá</font>, etc. | ||
**As the direct object of verbs, ''e.g.'', <font color=blue>Go énon ánþrop vlep</font>, I see a man. | **As the direct object of verbs, ''e.g.'', <font color=blue>Go énon ánþrop vlep</font>, I see a man. | ||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
*Adjectives precede the noun they modify. | *Adjectives precede the noun they modify. | ||
**<font color=blue>ø | **<font color=blue>ø käl ánþrop</font>, the good man | ||
**<font color=blue>i | **<font color=blue>i käl ginék</font>, the good woman | ||
**<font color=blue>tø | **<font color=blue>tø käl péð</font>, the good child | ||
**<font color=blue>ø megál kip</font>, the large garden | **<font color=blue>ø megál kip</font>, the large garden | ||
**<font color=blue>i megál pørt</font>, the large door | **<font color=blue>i megál pørt</font>, the large door | ||
**<font color=blue>tø megál ðomáti</font>, the large room | **<font color=blue>tø megál ðomáti</font>, the large room | ||
*The adjectives <font color=blue> | *The adjectives <font color=blue>äft</font>, 'this' and <font color=blue>ekín</font>, 'that' precede the definite article. | ||
**<font color=blue> | **<font color=blue>äft ø ánþrop</font>, this man | ||
**<font color=blue> | **<font color=blue>äft ø kip</font>, this garden | ||
**<font color=blue> | **<font color=blue>äft i ginék</font>, this woman | ||
**<font color=blue> | **<font color=blue>äf' tø ped</font>, this child | ||
**<font color=blue> | **<font color=blue>äf' tø ämáx</font>, this cart | ||
**<font color=blue>ekín ø ergát</font>, that worker | **<font color=blue>ekín ø ergát</font>, that worker | ||
**<font color=blue>ekín i nikht</font>, that night | **<font color=blue>ekín i nikht</font>, that night | ||
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**<font color=blue>tø proín étim ðen in</font>, breakfast is not ready. | **<font color=blue>tø proín étim ðen in</font>, breakfast is not ready. | ||
**<font color=blue>tø bar gemát ðen in</font>, the bar is not full. | **<font color=blue>tø bar gemát ðen in</font>, the bar is not full. | ||
**<font color=blue> | **<font color=blue>äft i pørt megál ðen in</font>, this door is not big. | ||
====The Possessive Adjectives==== | ====The Possessive Adjectives==== | ||
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|i=No| 1. | |i=No| 1. | ||
|c=01| <font color=blue>mu</font>, my | |c=01| <font color=blue>mu</font>, my | ||
|c=02| <font color=blue> | |c=02| <font color=blue>mäs</font>, our | ||
|- | |- | ||
|i=No| 2. | |i=No| 2. | ||
|c=01| <font color=blue>su</font>, your | |c=01| <font color=blue>su</font>, your | ||
|c=02| <font color=blue> | |c=02| <font color=blue>säs</font>, your | ||
|- | |- | ||
|i=No| 3. | |i=No| 3. | ||
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**<font color=blue>ø fil</font>, the friend; <font color=blue>ø fil mu</font>, my friend | **<font color=blue>ø fil</font>, the friend; <font color=blue>ø fil mu</font>, my friend | ||
**<font color=blue>tø kher mu</font>, my hand | **<font color=blue>tø kher mu</font>, my hand | ||
**<font color=blue>ø | **<font color=blue>ø pätér su</font>, your father | ||
**<font color=blue>i mitér tis</font>, her mother | **<font color=blue>i mitér tis</font>, her mother | ||
**<font color=blue>ø kip | **<font color=blue>ø kip mäs</font>, our garden | ||
**<font color=blue>ø kips | **<font color=blue>ø kips mäs</font>, our gardens | ||
**<font color=blue>tø lept | **<font color=blue>tø lept säs</font>, your money | ||
*The possessive adjectives are enclitics. They have no accent of their own but add a syllable to the word, so that the accent of the preceding word is drawn to them. | *The possessive adjectives are enclitics. They have no accent of their own but add a syllable to the word, so that the accent of the preceding word is drawn to them. | ||
**<font color=blue>t' ǿnøm</font>, the name; <font color=blue>t' ønǿm mu</font>, my name | **<font color=blue>t' ǿnøm</font>, the name; <font color=blue>t' ønǿm mu</font>, my name | ||
**<font color=blue>i ikøgéni</font>, the family; <font color=blue>i ikøgení mu</font>, my family | **<font color=blue>i ikøgéni</font>, the family; <font color=blue>i ikøgení mu</font>, my family | ||
*When the nouns are preceded by an adjective the possessive adjective is put after the noun. | *When the nouns are preceded by an adjective the possessive adjective is put after the noun. | ||
**<font color=blue>tø | **<font color=blue>tø ämáx</font>, the cart; <font color=blue>tø kenúri ämáx</font>, the new cart; <font color=blue>tø kenúri ämáx mu</font>, my new cart | ||
**<font color=blue>ø | **<font color=blue>ø käl fíl mäs</font>, our good friend | ||
====Comparison of Adjectives==== | ====Comparison of Adjectives==== | ||
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*Piǿ</font> is an enclitic and causes an accent on the following adjective if it doesn't already have one. | *Piǿ</font> is an enclitic and causes an accent on the following adjective if it doesn't already have one. | ||
**<font color=blue>Ø Mikhál plúsi in</font>, Michael is rich. | **<font color=blue>Ø Mikhál plúsi in</font>, Michael is rich. | ||
**<font color=blue>Ø | **<font color=blue>Ø äðélf mu piǿ dinát pǿ tø äðélf su in</font>, my brother is stronger than your brother. | ||
**<font color=blue>Ø Gián piø ftókh | **<font color=blue>Ø Gián piø ftókh äpǿ tǿn Kóstäs in</font>, John is poorer than Costas. | ||
**<font color=blue>Af' to spit piø kál ap' ekín</font>, This house is better than that one. | **<font color=blue>Af' to spit piø kál ap' ekín</font>, This house is better than that one. | ||
**<font color=blue>Af' to | **<font color=blue>Af' to äftokínet polí pio khír äpǿ tøn áløn in</font>, This automobile much worse than the other. | ||
*Adjectives form the superlative degree by using the definite article before the comparative form and the preposition <font color=blue>se</font> after it. | *Adjectives form the superlative degree by using the definite article before the comparative form and the preposition <font color=blue>se</font> after it. | ||
**<font color=blue>Ø André ø piø kál | **<font color=blue>Ø André ø piø kál mäþít støn tax tu</font>, Andrew is the best pupil in his class. | ||
**<font color=blue>Ø | **<font color=blue>Ø pätér tis ø piø plúsi stin Äþín in</font>, Her father is the richest man in Athens. | ||
**<font color=blue>I Elén i piø oré ginék stin Elláð it</font>, Helen was the most beautiful woman in Greece. | **<font color=blue>I Elén i piø oré ginék stin Elláð it</font>, Helen was the most beautiful woman in Greece. | ||
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**<font color=blue>ø ándris</font>, the men | **<font color=blue>ø ándris</font>, the men | ||
**<font color=blue>ø ergáts</font>, the men | **<font color=blue>ø ergáts</font>, the men | ||
**<font color=blue>i | **<font color=blue>i ädélfs</font>, the sisters | ||
**<font color=blue>i mers</font>, the days | **<font color=blue>i mers</font>, the days | ||
**<font color=blue>i léxis</font>, the words | **<font color=blue>i léxis</font>, the words | ||
**<font color=blue>i sképsis</font>, the thoughts | **<font color=blue>i sképsis</font>, the thoughts | ||
**<font color=blue>tø tsigárs</font>, the cigarettes | **<font color=blue>tø tsigárs</font>, the cigarettes | ||
**<font color=blue>tø | **<font color=blue>tø ämáxis</font>, the carts | ||
**Irregular plurals: | **Irregular plurals: | ||
***<font color=blue>tø khróma</font>, the color; <font color=blue>tø khrómats</font>, the colors | ***<font color=blue>tø khróma</font>, the color; <font color=blue>tø khrómats</font>, the colors | ||
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|i=No| 1. | |i=No| 1. | ||
|c=01| <font color=blue>ðíkmu</font>, my | |c=01| <font color=blue>ðíkmu</font>, my | ||
|c=02| <font color=blue> | |c=02| <font color=blue>ðíkmäs</font>, our | ||
|- | |- | ||
|i=No| 2. | |i=No| 2. | ||
|c=01| <font color=blue>ðíksu</font>, your | |c=01| <font color=blue>ðíksu</font>, your | ||
|c=02| <font color=blue> | |c=02| <font color=blue>ðíksäs</font>, your | ||
|- | |- | ||
|i=No| 3. | |i=No| 3. | ||
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===Telling Time=== | ===Telling Time=== | ||
*The hour is put first followed by <font color=blue>ke</font>, plus, or <font color=blue> | *The hour is put first followed by <font color=blue>ke</font>, plus, or <font color=blue>pärá</font>, minus, and then the appropriate fraction or number of minutes, ''e.g.'', | ||
**<font color=blue>Ti or in;</font> What time is it? | **<font color=blue>Ti or in;</font> What time is it? | ||
**<font color=blue>Tris in</font>, It is three o'clock. | **<font color=blue>Tris in</font>, It is three o'clock. | ||
**<font color=blue>I or tris ke tris lept in</font>, It is three minutes past three. | **<font color=blue>I or tris ke tris lept in</font>, It is three minutes past three. | ||
**<font color=blue>Ti or in | **<font color=blue>Ti or in päräkäló</font>, What time is it, please? | ||
**<font color=blue> | **<font color=blue>Tórä tris ke tétärt in, </font>, Now it is a quartrer past three. | ||
**<font color=blue>Okhi, tris ke | **<font color=blue>Okhi, tris ke tétärt ðen in, tris pärá tétärt in</font>, No, it is not quarter past three, it is quarter to three. | ||
**<font color=blue> | **<font color=blue>tórä pendé misi in</font>, It is half past five. | ||
**<font color=blue> | **<font color=blue>Ðóðekä pärá pénde leptá</font>, It is five to twelve. | ||
**<font color=blue> | **<font color=blue>Éntekä ke pénde in</font>, It is five past eleven. | ||
**<font color=blue>O Gián stin pénde irþ</font>, John came at five. | **<font color=blue>O Gián stin pénde irþ</font>, John came at five. | ||
**<font color=blue> | **<font color=blue>Ekätó lept éni or ke särándä lept in</font>, A hundred minutes is one hour and forty minutes. | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== |
Revision as of 10:38, 10 February 2009
- Although Modern Greek is the official language of the Monastic Republic, the citizens have their own dialect.
- It developed from their contact with their Turkish conquerors and shows some Turkish influence in grammar and vocabulary.
- It is written with the Greek alphabet, but for ease I'm rendering it here in the Latin alphabet.
Orthography and Pronunciation
- The name of the language is Athonite (Αþωνίτ).
- A spelling reform has standardized the orthography so that it is more consistent with the pronunciation.
- Double letters have been eliminated.
- An acute accent is placed over the accented vowel.
Greek | Latin | Pronunciation |
α | a ä |
father when accented but otherwise |
αι | e | bed |
αυ | af before voiceless consonants av otherwise | |
β | v | vine |
γ | g | Sp. vagar |
γγ | ng | sing |
γκ | g | go |
γξ | nks | lynx |
γχ | nkh | new + Ger. ich |
δ | ð | that |
ε | e | bet |
ει | i | feet |
ɛυ | ef before voiceless consonants ev otherwise | |
ζ | z | zoo |
η | i | feet |
θ | þ | thin |
ι | i | bee |
κ | k | kin |
λ | l | long |
μ | m | mat |
μπ | b | bat |
ν | n | nap |
ντ | d | dot |
ξ | x | ax |
ο | ø | awe |
οι | i | feet |
ου | u | boot |
π | p | pit |
ρ | r | Sp. pero |
ς | s | zoo before voiceless consonants sue otherwise |
τ | t | tap |
τζ | dz | reads |
υ | i | bee |
φ | f | fun |
χ | kh | Ger. ich |
ψ | ps | lips |
ω | o | boat |
Grammar
Nouns
- Nouns are divided into three classes known as masculine, feminine, and neuter.
- Masculine nouns are those preceded by the definite article ø, e.g., ø ánþrop, the man; ø pätér, the father. The indefinite article is en, e.g., en kíp, a garden.
- Feminine nouns are those preceded by the definite article i, e.g., i pørt, the door; i ginék, the woman. The indefinite article is éni, e.g., én' istørí.
- Neuter nouns are those preceded by the definite article tø, e.g., tø gräfí, the office; tø péð, the child. The indefinite article is énä, e.g., éna ðømáti.
- The final vowel is elided when it is the same as the initial vowel of the word following, e.g., én' istrí; én' amáx.
The Genitive Case
- The genitive case is indicated by a change in the form of the article.
- The singular definite article:
- ø þi, the uncle > tu þi, of the uncle
- i þi, the aunt > tis þi, of the aunt
- tø pøð, the foot > tu pøð, of the foot
- The singular indefinite article:
- en þi, an uncle > énos þi, of an uncle
- éni þi, an aunt > énis þi, of an aunt
- énä pøð, a foot > énäs pøð, of the foot
- The plural definite article:
- ø þis, the uncles > ton þis, of the uncles
- i þis, the aunts > ton þis, of the aunts
- tø pøðs, the feet > ton pøðs, of the feet
- The plural indefinite article:
- en þi, some uncles > énon þis, of some uncles
- éni þi, some aunts > énon þis, of some aunts
- énä pøð, some feet > énon pøðs, of some feet
- The genitive case is used to express possession of appurtenance
- T' ǿnøm tu pätér mu Vasíl in, the name of my father is Basil.
- Ø äðélf mu en fil tu Giórgu in, my brother is a friend of George.
- I pørt tu spít mu mávr in, the door of my house is black.
The Accusative Case
- The accusative case is indicated by a change in the form of the article.
- The singular definite article:
- ø þi, the uncle > tøn þi, the uncle
- i þi, the aunt > tin þi, the aunt
- tø pøð, the foot > tøn pøð, the foot
- The singular indefinite article:
- en þi, an uncle > énøn þi, an uncle
- éni þi, an aunt > énin þi, an aunt
- énä pøð, a foot > énän pøð, the foot
- The plural definite article:
- ø þis, the uncles > ta þis, the uncles
- i þis, the aunts > ta þis, the aunts
- tø pøðs, the feet > ta pøðs, the feet
- The plural indefinite article:
- en þi, some uncles > énøn þis, some uncles
- éni þi, some aunts > énin þis, some aunts
- énä pøð, some feet > énän pøðs, some feet
- The accusative case is used:
- After the prepositions se, me, páno se, kontá se, mésä se, äpǿ, páno äpǿ, káto äpǿ, giá, etc.
- As the direct object of verbs, e.g., Go énon ánþrop vlep, I see a man.
Adjectives
- Adjectives precede the noun they modify.
- ø käl ánþrop, the good man
- i käl ginék, the good woman
- tø käl péð, the good child
- ø megál kip, the large garden
- i megál pørt, the large door
- tø megál ðomáti, the large room
- The adjectives äft, 'this' and ekín, 'that' precede the definite article.
- äft ø ánþrop, this man
- äft ø kip, this garden
- äft i ginék, this woman
- äf' tø ped, this child
- äf' tø ämáx, this cart
- ekín ø ergát, that worker
- ekín i nikht, that night
- ekín tø ðomáti, that room
- Negation is expressed by putting the negative particle ðen in front of the verb.
- tø proín étim in, breakfast is ready.
- tø proín étim ðen in, breakfast is not ready.
- tø bar gemát ðen in, the bar is not full.
- äft i pørt megál ðen in, this door is not big.
The Possessive Adjectives
singular | plural | |
1. | mu, my | mäs, our |
2. | su, your | säs, your |
3. | tu, his tis, her tu, its |
tus, their |
- These adjectives are put after the nouns they modify. The nouns are preceded by the definite article.
- tø spit, the house; tø spit mu, my house
- ø fil, the friend; ø fil mu, my friend
- tø kher mu, my hand
- ø pätér su, your father
- i mitér tis, her mother
- ø kip mäs, our garden
- ø kips mäs, our gardens
- tø lept säs, your money
- The possessive adjectives are enclitics. They have no accent of their own but add a syllable to the word, so that the accent of the preceding word is drawn to them.
- t' ǿnøm, the name; t' ønǿm mu, my name
- i ikøgéni, the family; i ikøgení mu, my family
- When the nouns are preceded by an adjective the possessive adjective is put after the noun.
- tø ämáx, the cart; tø kenúri ämáx, the new cart; tø kenúri ämáx mu, my new cart
- ø käl fíl mäs, our good friend
Comparison of Adjectives
- Adjectives form the comparative degree by placing the word piǿ in front them. They are then followed by apǿ and the accusative.
- Piǿ is an enclitic and causes an accent on the following adjective if it doesn't already have one.
- Ø Mikhál plúsi in, Michael is rich.
- Ø äðélf mu piǿ dinát pǿ tø äðélf su in, my brother is stronger than your brother.
- Ø Gián piø ftókh äpǿ tǿn Kóstäs in, John is poorer than Costas.
- Af' to spit piø kál ap' ekín, This house is better than that one.
- Af' to äftokínet polí pio khír äpǿ tøn áløn in, This automobile much worse than the other.
- Adjectives form the superlative degree by using the definite article before the comparative form and the preposition se after it.
- Ø André ø piø kál mäþít støn tax tu, Andrew is the best pupil in his class.
- Ø pätér tis ø piø plúsi stin Äþín in, Her father is the richest man in Athens.
- I Elén i piø oré ginék stin Elláð it, Helen was the most beautiful woman in Greece.
Plural
- Nouns form their plurals by adding -s to the word.
- -is is added if the noun ends in -s.
- ø ánþrops, the men
- ø ándris, the men
- ø ergáts, the men
- i ädélfs, the sisters
- i mers, the days
- i léxis, the words
- i sképsis, the thoughts
- tø tsigárs, the cigarettes
- tø ämáxis, the carts
- Irregular plurals:
- tø khróma, the color; tø khrómats, the colors
- tø fos, the light; tø fóts, the colors
The Possessive Pronouns
- The personal possessive pronouns are formed by prefixing the adjective ðik to the possessive adjectives.
singular | plural | |
1. | ðíkmu, my | ðíkmäs, our |
2. | ðíksu, your | ðíksäs, your |
3. | ðíktu, his ðíktis, her ðíktu, its |
ðíktus, their |
Telling Time
- The hour is put first followed by ke, plus, or pärá, minus, and then the appropriate fraction or number of minutes, e.g.,
- Ti or in; What time is it?
- Tris in, It is three o'clock.
- I or tris ke tris lept in, It is three minutes past three.
- Ti or in päräkäló, What time is it, please?
- Tórä tris ke tétärt in, , Now it is a quartrer past three.
- Okhi, tris ke tétärt ðen in, tris pärá tétärt in, No, it is not quarter past three, it is quarter to three.
- tórä pendé misi in, It is half past five.
- Ðóðekä pärá pénde leptá, It is five to twelve.
- Éntekä ke pénde in, It is five past eleven.
- O Gián stin pénde irþ, John came at five.
- Ekätó lept éni or ke särándä lept in, A hundred minutes is one hour and forty minutes.