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| === Liquid consonants ===
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| Rhodrese has five distinct liquid phonemes, developed out of Latin single and double double liquids and some combinations of liquid and consonant. The spelling of these phonemes is consistent:
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| * {{IPA|/ɾ/}} is written ''r''.
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| * {{IPA|/l/}} is written ''l''.
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| * {{IPA|/ʎ/}} is written ''gl'' (and {{IPA|/gl/}} is written ''ghl'').
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| * {{IPA|/ʁ/}} is written ''rr'' except after a consonant or at the beginning of a word, where it is written ''r''.
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| * {{IPA|[ɹ]}} is an allophone of {{IPA|/ɾ/}} which occurs before a consonant and before a pause. However some speakers have {{IPA|[ʁ]}} or {{IPA|[χ]}} which are allophones of {{IPA|/ʁ/}} in this position, so in fact the distinction between {{IPA|/ɾ/}} and {{IPA|/ʁ/}} is neutralized there.
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| * {{IPA|/ɽˡ/}} is written ''ll''. The distinction between between {{IPA|/ɽˡ/}} and {{IPA|/l/}} is only maintained between vowels. {{IPA|[ɽˡ]}} occurs instead of {{IPA|[l]}} word-initially if the preceding word ends in a vowel and word finally if the next word begins in a vowel. In modern Rhodrese this is shown in spelling only with the masculine singular definite article before a word beginning in a vowel (and in the contractions ''della, alla, delli, alli'' etc.).
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| The following table Illustrates the origins of these sounds in Vulgar Latin.
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| <table class="gridtable IPA">
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| <tr>
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| <th style="width: 12%;">Position<hr>Latin</th>
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| <th style="width: 12%;">#__</th>
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| <th style="width: 12%;">V__V</th>
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| <th style="width: 12%;">__C</th>
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| <th style="width: 12%;">__’C</th>
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| <th style="width: 12%;">__#</th>
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| <th style="width: 11%;">__’#</th>
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| </tr><tr>
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| <th class="smallcaps">r</th>
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| <td>ʁ</td>
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| <td>ɾ</td>
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| <td>ɹ</td>
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| <td>ɹ</td>
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| <td>ɹ</td>
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| <td>ɹ</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <th class="smallcaps">d</th>
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| <td>d</td>
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| <td>ɾ</td>
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| <td>{{ref|dC}}</td>
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| <td>ɹ</td>
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| <td>Ø/t</td>
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| <td>ɹ</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <th class="smallcaps">rr</th>
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| <td>—</td>
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| <td>ʁ</td>
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| <td>—</td>
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| <td>ɹ</td>
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| <td>ɹ</td>
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| <td>ɹ</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <th class="smallcaps">dr, d’r</th>
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| <td>dʁ</td>
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| <td>ʁ</td>
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| <td>—</td>
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| <td>—</td>
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| <td>ɹ</td>
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| <td>ɹ</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <th class="smallcaps">tr, t’r</th>
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| <td>tʁ</td>
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| <td>ʁ</td>
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| <td>—</td>
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| <td>—</td>
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| <td>ɹ</td>
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| <td>ɹ</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <th class="smallcaps">n’r</th>
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| <td>ʁ</td>
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| <td>ʁ</td>
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| <td>—</td>
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| <td>—</td>
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| <td>ɹ</td>
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| <td>ɹ</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <th class="smallcaps">l</th>
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| <td>l/ɽˡ</td>
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| <td>l/w</td>
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| <td>w</td>
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| <td>w</td>
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| <td>w</td>
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| <td>w</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <th class="smallcaps">ll, l’n</th>
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| <td>l/ɽˡ</td>
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| <td>ɽˡ</td>
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| <td>—</td>
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| <td>l/w</td>
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| <td>l</td>
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| <td>l</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <th class="smallcaps">t’l, d’l</th>
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| <td>l/ɽˡ</td>
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| <td>ɽˡ</td>
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| <td>—</td>
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| <td>—</td>
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| <td>l</td>
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| <td>l</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <th class="smallcaps">lj, llj, gl, g’l</th>
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| <td>ʎ</td>
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| <td>ʎ</td>
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| <td>—</td>
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| <td>w</td>
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| <td>ʎ</td>
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| <td>ʎ</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <th class="smallcaps">kl, k’l</th>
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| <td>kl</td>
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| <td>ʎ</td>
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| <td>—</td>
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| <td>w</td>
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| <td>ʎ</td>
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| <td>ʎ</td>
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| </tr>
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| </table>
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| ==== Examples ====
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| <table>
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| <tr>
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| <th align="left" style="width: 15%;">Vulgar Latin</th>
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| <th align="left" style="width: 66%;">Rhodrese</th>
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| </tr><tr>
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| <td align="left">{{SC|illo pede}}</td>
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| <td align="left">''el pier'' {{IPA|/pjɛɾ/}} pl. ''li pir''</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td align="left">{{SC|illo patre}}</td>
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| <td align="left">''el piar'' (Old Rh. ''pearr'') pl. ''li pier''!</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td align="left">{{SC|laudare}}</td>
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| <td align="left">''lauriar'' {{IPA|/ləwɾˈjaɾ/}}</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td align="left">{{SC|rotundu}}</td>
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| <td align="left">''rodon'' {{IPA|/ʁʊˈdɔn/}}, f. ''rodonde'' {{IPA|/ʁʊˈdɔndɪ/}} or {{IPA|/ʁʊˈdɔnɪ/}}, pl. ''reden''.</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td align="left">{{SC|petra}}</td>
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| <td align="left">''pierre'' {{IPA|/ˈpjɛʁɪ/}}{{ref|pierre}}</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td align="left">{{SC|quadraginta}}</td>
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| <td align="left">''quarrante''</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td align="left">{{SC|senior}}</td>
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| <td align="left">''ser'' 'Mr.' ( and analogical''sir'' 'Messrs.') cf. ''segnaur'' 'lord' < {{SC|seniorem}}.</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td align="left">{{SC|ponere habet}}</td>
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| <td align="left">''porrat'' {{IPA|/pʊˈʁat/}} 's/}he will put'</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td align="left">{{SC|illu bellu}}</td>
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| <td align="left">''el bel''</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td align="left">{{SC|illa stella}}</td>
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| <td align="left">''l'estelle''</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td align="left">{{SC|illo malo}}</td>
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| <td align="left">''el mao''</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td align="left">{{SC|illa mala}}</td>
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| <td align="left">''la male''</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td align="left">{{SC|illo stab'lu}}</td>
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| <td align="left">''ell estabo''</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td align="left">{{SC|illi oc'li}}</td>
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| <td align="left">''igl egl'' (sg. ''ell egl''){{ref|aghle}}</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td align="left">{{SC|illo filio}}</td>
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| <td align="left">''el fegl'' pl. ''li figl'' 'son, children' (Old Rh. ''el figl, li figl'')</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td align="left">{{SC|illo filiolu}}</td>
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| <td align="left">''el figláo'' pl. ''li figléo'' 'brat'{{ref|figlao}}</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td align="left">{{SC|illa fil[j]ina}}</td>
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| <td align="left">''la figline'' pl. ''li figlí'' 'daughter'{{ref|figline}}</td>
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| </tr>
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| </table>
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| ==== Notes ====
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| {{note|dC}} To the extent that '''d / __C''' existed in Latin it was assimilated to the following consonant. The main exception was {{SC|dj}} which in Old Rhodrese became either {{IPA|/dz/}} ''z'' or {{IPA|/dʒ/}} ''j, g''.
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| {{note|pierre}} Since the plurals of {{SC|petra}} and {{SC|pede}} became homophones in Rhodrese the former is strictly an uncountable mass noun. To denote 'piece(s) of stone' ''pierghe'' pl. ''pirg'' < {{SC|petrica}}, or if the stone(s) be larger ''el pierráu'' < {{SC|petrone}} are used. Many of the ''sensu stricto'' Rhodrese dialects, like several Italian dialects, have forms like ''el pried, li prid'' as if from {{SC|preta, pretae}} but these are strictly banned from the written language. The personal name {{SC|Petrus}} is now used only in the semi-learned form ''Piedre'' or in the originally Provençal form ''Pair'', but the adjective ''pierraus'' (O.Rh. ''perrous'') and the surnames ''Pirrí'' and ''Pierrot'' are still current. ''Pier'' is used as an ethnic slur for a Frenchman (cf. French ''Pierre'' {{IPA|/pjɛʁ/}} < {{SC|Petrus}})
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| {{note|aghle}} ''egl'' {{IPA|/ɛʎ/}}, the plural of ''ogl'' {{IPA|/ɔʎ/}} should not be confused with ''eghle'' {{IPA|/ˈɛglɪ/}} the plural of ''aghle'' {{IPA|/ˈaglɪ/}} < {{SC|aquila}}.
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| {{note|figlao}} The pejorization in the meaning of ''figláo'' {{SC|filiolus}} was no doubt due to confusion with a supposed or real ''**figláu'' < {{SC|filione}}.
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| {{note|figline}} ''la figline, li figlí'' is an example of how the ending {{SC|-ina}} became productively added to nouns and nominalized adjectives denoting female living beings after the plurals of paired masculine/feminine designations had become identical. This happened also with names: the lady Claudine and her maid Clauzine (< {{SC|-ina}} added to the male name Clauz < {{SC|Claudius}} are a staple pair of the traditional Borgonzay comedy. Sometimes the endings ''-áu'' {{SC|-one}} or ''-air'' {{SC|-ariu}} were added to the masculine designation instead of or in addition to adding {{SC|-ina}} to the feminine designation. This was however a rule only with trees and their fruits as ''perair'' 'pear-tree' and ''paire'' 'pear'.
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| == Pages about [[Althist:Lucus|Lucal]] languages == | | == Pages about [[Althist:Lucus|Lucal]] languages == |
