Arkan

Note on transliteration in this article: This article makes use of more than one transliteration scheme. This is not nonstandard text, substandard work or ignorance on the part of the article's author.

     The term “Pagro-Pinnic” is a geophysical description of a language family comprising more than one hundred and twenty languages with some twelve millions speakers. The largest of these languages simply in terms of number of speakers are Aaro, Huqqoraz, and Fintheoq. The family is known from the north and interior of the Pagrian continent, from the islands of Bins and Red, and from The Pinnic Peninsula and the surrounding Pinlands. Its generally-accepted boundary is the Finktsa Mountains, to the southeast of which the Kim languages are spoken, and the northeast the Paleosevernian.

Abbreviations

Fth. Finθeok
Psg. Psguemmiag
Snts. Śńæiŋtse
Sq. Sqı̦̔rta̔

Arkan Language relationships

	Reddic	Continental	"River Kepper"	not written [ʔɐr]
			Iozdsā	not written [æə̥z]
			Lissi	not written [æː]
		Insular	Red	o̽do [ˈɐoð̞o]
			Bins (ext.)	*arV ?
	Pinnic	West Taebic	Aba̓ssa	araq [ˈɐrʌqʰ]
			Minyuayauz	arq [ɐrqʰ]
		Narfi t Nı̓kus̒	arq [ɐrqʰ]
		East Taebic	Aba̓ssa	araq [ˈɐrʌqʰ]
			Minyuayauz	arq [ɐrqʰ]
		Narfi t Nı̓kus̒	arq [ɐrqʰ]
	Uoqsaic	Qobsuot	not written [ˈhɐrɨq]
		Papuisaoan	haorac [ˈhɒʊ̥rɑk]
		Huqqoraz	uaraq [ˈwɒrʌq]
Benávęicćit		edeći [ˈɛɾɜˌʃːi]

Pagric	Kepper	Odic	Ćheū	ōus [əːʊ̥s]
			Qeuvlot	not written [ˈoluq]
			Qehol	olohh [ˈoloχ]
		Itic	Sqı̦̔rta̔	o̔rqa̔ [ɔʀqɐ]
			Śńæiŋtse	æurra [ɔʁʁə]
			Mpsoisdoa	not written [oːɢoɐ]
			Bueisledu	not written [ˈoʀɢu]
	Ixnic		Finθeok	eork [eʊ̥rkʰ]
			Juwθissians	iorik [ˈiɤrɪkʲ]
			Psguemmiag	iaris [ˈiərɪɕ]
			Megferiannes	jariħ [ˈjɑrɪç]
			Toro	not written [ˈiɹʷi ~ ˈiɹʷy]

Proto-Arkan ʔVr-
Proto-Reddic ar-V-
Proto-Pagro-Pinnic ar-V-qʰV-

Prolegomena

The Tæbo-Uoqsaic languages are restricted largely to the Pinnic Peninsula, Benávęicćit, spoken in the Eastern Kepper Steppes, being the one exception.

Continental Reddic is spoken along the western shores of Kepperland Proper. The language commonly referred to as "River Kepper" is unique in both its being the largest Continental Reddic language, and in its liberal borrowings from the Odic languages. Red is the only literary language. Bins is known only from the so-called "Salt-Stone Inscriptions."

The exact genetic relationships between the "Itic" and "Odic" languages are heavily disputed, and their accepted designations are largely geographic; the Itic languages are spoken in relative proximity to the the River Ixit (called ı̦̔t in Sqı̦̔rta̔), and the Odic ones by the Oso (Sq. oda̔). Ćheū is spoken on the barrier islands south of the Pinnic Peninsula, and Qeuvlot is spoken entirely within Tæblande, though the Qeuvles seem to have been recently driven from their original territories by the Qehols. Sqı̦̔rta̔ is the largest Itic language and is used as a business and commerce language throughout the Northern Kepperlands; Fintheok and Megferian share this role in the South.

The Ixnic languages, or "Marsh Kepper," are considered to be Pagric largely by virtue of their location. They exhibit the most innovation of the Pagro-Pinnic languages, including an split ergative morphosyntactic scheme which seems to have arisen a priori, and not from the original postulated Proto-Arkan grammatical system. They lack entirely a series of uvular consonants (the [q] in, for example, Tæblandic arq "blossoming," or in Sq. Qe̔parro̔nt, "Kepperlands"), but boast both voiced and voiceless dental fricatives ([θ] and [ð]), found nowhere else in Pagric, and thought to be borrowed from the North Hapori languages, Rorapori, Lyapori, and Mišfola. Ixnic languages also have a tendency to transform inherited aspirates into affricates: Sq. paga̔rt, but Fth. ford; Sq. qe̔par, Psg. ksiar.

Pagric

Ixnic

The term "Ixnic" derives from Sq. ı̦̔xni̔, [joʃʲʃʲɳə], "bogland."