Seuna word shape: Difference between revisions

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== Consonants ==
The full consonant inventory is;-
{|
|| ||Labial||Dental||Alveolar||Palatal||Velar||Glottal
|-
||Stops||'''b  p'''||'''d  t'''|| || ||'''g  k'''||
|-
||Fricatives|| '''f''' ||  ||'''s'''|| || ||'''h'''
|-
||Affricates||  ||  ||  ||'''j'''  '''c'''
|-
||Nasals||'''m'''||'''n'''|| || || ||
|-
||Lateral|| || ||'''l'''|| || ||
|-
||Flap|| || ||'''r'''|| || ||
|-
||Semivowels||'''w'''|| || ||'''y'''|| ||
|}
== Initial consonant clusters ==
The single consonants and consonant combinations given below are allowed to start a word. There are 37 (45<sub>8</sub>) of them.
'''@''' is a glottal stop. When a vowel begins a word, a glottal stop is inserted immediately in front of that vowel. This also ties in with the writing system. In the writing system (inspired by Tibetan) the vowels are written over the consonants that they follow. When a vowel comes initially it need a sort of place-holder to support it.
{| border=1
{| border=1
   |align=center| @   
   |align=center| '''@'''  
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |-
   |-
   |align=center| m
   |align=center| '''m'''
   |align=center| my
   |align=center| '''my'''
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |-
   |-
   |align=center| y
   |align=center| '''y'''
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |-
   |-
   |align=center| j
   |align=center| '''j'''
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| jw
   |align=center| '''jw'''
   |-
   |-
   |align=center| f
   |align=center| '''f'''
   |align=center| fy
   |align=center| '''fy'''
   |align=center| fl
   |align=center| '''fl'''
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |-
   |-
   |align=center| b
   |align=center| '''b'''
   |align=center| by
   |align=center| '''by'''
   |align=center| bl
   |align=center| '''bl'''
   |align=center| bw
   |align=center| '''bw'''
   |-
   |-
   |align=center| g
   |align=center| '''g'''
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| gl
   |align=center| '''gl'''
   |align=center| gw
   |align=center| '''gw'''
   |-
   |-
   |align=center|   d
   |align=center| '''d'''
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| dw
   |align=center| '''dw'''
   |-
   |-
   |align=center| l
   |align=center| '''l'''
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |-
   |-
   |align=center|   c
   |align=center| '''c'''
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| cw
   |align=center| '''cw'''
   |-
   |-
   |align=center|   s
   |align=center| '''s'''
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| sl
   |align=center| '''sl'''
   |align=center| sw
   |align=center| '''sw'''
   |-
   |-
   |align=center|   k
   |align=center| '''k'''
   |align=center| ky
   |align=center| '''ky'''
   |align=center| kl
   |align=center| '''kl'''
   |align=center| kw
   |align=center| '''kw'''
   |-
   |-
   |align=center|   p
   |align=center| '''p'''
   |align=center| py
   |align=center| '''py'''
   |align=center| pl
   |align=center| '''pl'''
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |-
   |-
   |align=center|   t
   |align=center| '''t'''
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| tw
   |align=center| '''tw'''
   |-
   |-
   |align=center|   w
   |align=center| '''w'''
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |-
   |-
   |align=center|   n
   |align=center| '''n'''
   |align=center| ny
   |align=center| '''ny'''
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |-
   |-
   |align=center|   h
   |align=center| '''h'''
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |align=center| .
   |align=center|  
   |}
   |}


Seuna sounds
'''z''' is an allophone of '''s''' ... when inside a word and before a voiced consonant.
 
'''ʃ''' is also an allophone of '''s''' ... when before the front vowels '''i''', '''e''', '''ia'''.


p b t d k g
'''ŋ''' is an allophone of '''n''' ... when followed by '''k''' or '''g'''.
m n
r
f s h
c j
y w
l


There are 17 consonant phonemes in Seuna. Under certain circumstances the alveolar fricative (s=>z) and the alveolar nasal becomes a velar nasal (n=>ng) The post-alveolar affricates are represented here by c and j .
The post-alveolar affricates are represented here by '''c''' and '''j''', are the initial sounds of "Charlie" and "Jimmy" respectively. .
The consonant r is exceptional in that it only occurs in suffixes attached to active verbs.  


There are five distinctive vowels in Seuna. They are i, e, a, o and u.
The consonant '''r''' is exceptional in that it only occurs in suffixes attached to active verbs.
For diphthongs we have the four closing diphthongs ai, au, oi, eu, and the two opening diphthongs ia, and ua.
A Seuna word may begin with one of the following consonants or consonant clusters ;-


== Vowels ==


In the terminology of Seuna, it is said that there are 37 (45 in base 8) possible "head-events".  
There are five simple vowels(sound.flows) in Seuna ... '''i''', '''e''', '''a''', '''o''' and '''u'''.
(The ampersand is the first letter of the Seuna alphabet. It is just a symbol that support
the following noun. So a word with @ initially, actually starts with a vowel.)
After the "head-event" there is the "initial-span-sound". The 11 possible "initial-span-sounds" are


AU O OI I IA A UA U EU E AI  *
For diphthongs we have the four closing diphthongs '''ai''', '''au''', '''oi''', '''eu''', and the two opening diphthongs '''ia''', and '''ua'''.


*  Notice that no opening diphthongs allowed in initial position
== Mid consonant clusters ==


After the "initial-span-sound" we have what is called the "mid-event" There are 69 (105 in base 8) possible "mid-events", which are ;-
The single consonants and consonant combinations given below are allowed to start a word. There are 69 (105<sub>8</sub>) of them.


'''@ m y j f b g d l c s k p t w n h''' (17)


'''ø''' m y j f b g d l c s k p t w n h (17)
'''zm zy zb zg zd zl sk sp st zw  zn''' (11)


zm zy zb zg zd zl sk sp st zw zn (11)
'''lm ly lj lf lb lg ld lc ls lk lp lt lw ln lh''' (15)


lm ly lj lf lb lg ld lc ls lk lp lt lw ln lh (15)
'''ny nj nf mb ng nd nl nc ns nk mp nt mw nh''' (14)


ny nj nf mb ng nd nl nc ns nk mp nt mw nh (14)
'''nfy  mby  nky  mpy''' (4)


nfy mby nky mpy (4)
'''njw mbw ngw ndw  ncw  nsw  nkw  ntw''' (8)


njw  mbw  ngw  ndw  ncw  nsw  nkw  ntw (8)
== Final vowel ==


All eleven vowels/diphthongs can occur finally.
After the "mid-event" we have what is called the "final-span-sound". There are the same as the  "initial-span-sounds", namely ;-


A I    U      E    O    AI    AU      OI EU IA    UA
== Tail consonants ==
   
   
Finally there can be two possible "tail-events". Theses are n and s.
Two consonants are allowed to come word finally. They are '''n''' and '''s'''.
These are slightly anomalous in that they are used only for suffixes.
 
The above constitutes what in SEUNA terminology is called a "word". Most concepts in Seuna are represented by a "word". Many particles (and a few concepts such as cat = MEU) are represented by
shorter "sound-strings" (called "mini-words" in Seuna terminology), but the vast majority of concepts are represented by "words".
 


==Index==
==Index==


{{Seuna index}}
{{Seuna index}}

Revision as of 13:55, 12 August 2008

Consonants

The full consonant inventory is;-

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Stops b p d t g k
Fricatives f s h
Affricates j c
Nasals m n
Lateral l
Flap r
Semivowels w y

Initial consonant clusters

The single consonants and consonant combinations given below are allowed to start a word. There are 37 (458) of them.

@ is a glottal stop. When a vowel begins a word, a glottal stop is inserted immediately in front of that vowel. This also ties in with the writing system. In the writing system (inspired by Tibetan) the vowels are written over the consonants that they follow. When a vowel comes initially it need a sort of place-holder to support it.

@
m my
y
j jw
f fy fl
b by bl bw
g gl gw
d dw
l
c cw
s sl sw
k ky kl kw
p py pl
t tw
w
n ny
h

z is an allophone of s ... when inside a word and before a voiced consonant.

ʃ is also an allophone of s ... when before the front vowels i, e, ia.

ŋ is an allophone of n ... when followed by k or g.

The post-alveolar affricates are represented here by c and j, are the initial sounds of "Charlie" and "Jimmy" respectively. .

The consonant r is exceptional in that it only occurs in suffixes attached to active verbs.

Vowels

There are five simple vowels(sound.flows) in Seuna ... i, e, a, o and u.

For diphthongs we have the four closing diphthongs ai, au, oi, eu, and the two opening diphthongs ia, and ua.

Mid consonant clusters

The single consonants and consonant combinations given below are allowed to start a word. There are 69 (1058) of them.

@ m y j f b g d l c s k p t w n h (17)

zm zy zb zg zd zl sk sp st zw zn (11)

lm ly lj lf lb lg ld lc ls lk lp lt lw ln lh (15)

ny nj nf mb ng nd nl nc ns nk mp nt mw nh (14)

nfy mby nky mpy (4)

njw mbw ngw ndw ncw nsw nkw ntw (8)

Final vowel

All eleven vowels/diphthongs can occur finally.

Tail consonants

Two consonants are allowed to come word finally. They are n and s.

Index

  1. Introduction to Seuna
  2. Seuna : Chapter 1
  3. Seuna word shape
  4. The script of Seuna
  5. Seuna sentence structure
  6. Seuna pronouns
  7. Seuna nouns
  8. Seuna verbs (1)
  9. Seuna adjectives
  10. Seuna demonstratives
  11. Seuna verbs (2)
  12. Asking a question in Seuna
  13. Seuna relative clauses
  14. Seuna verbs (3)
  15. Methods for deriving words in Seuna
  16. List of all Seuna derivational affixes
  17. Numbers in Seuna
  18. Naming people in Seuna
  19. The Seuna calendar
  20. Seuna units
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