Chinese sound correspondences

Onsets

_1 = Ping _2 = Shang _3 = Qu _4 = Ru _1a = Yin Ping _1b = Yang Ping, etc.

Rime	Middle Chinese		Mandarin Beijing	Yue Canton	Minnan Taiwan	Hakka	Japanese		Korean
	Karlgren	Baxter					Go-On	Kan-On
幫	p	p	b [p]	b [p]		h [h]	h [h]
滂	p'	ph	p [pʰ]	p [pʰ]		h [h]	h [h]
並	b'	b	p [pʰ] /_1 b [p] /_234	p [pʰ] /_12 b [p] /_(2)34		b [b]	h [h]
明	m	m	m [m]	m [m]		m [m]	b [b] Rimes P = MC labial (幫滂並明) T = MC dental stop (端透定泥) TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘) S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪) SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生) SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪) K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影雲以) 通攝 Tong She Rime Middle Chinese Mandarin Beijing Yue Canton Minnan Taiwan Hakka Japanese Korean Karlgren Baxter Go-On Kan-On 東（一等） ung uwng ong [ʊŋ] weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_ eng [ɤŋ] /P_ ung [ʊŋ] but jung [jʊŋ] (翁) u [u] some uu [uː] ou [oː] 冬（一等） uong owng ong [ʊŋ] (does not occur /P_) ung [ʊŋ] o [o] some ou [oː] ou [oː] 東（三等） i̯ung juwng ong [ʊŋ] eng [ɤŋ] /P_ ung [ʊŋ] 鍾（三等） i̯wong jowng ong [ʊŋ] iong [yʊŋ] /x_,ʔ_ eng [ɤŋ] /P_ ung [ʊŋ] jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ_ 東（一等） uk uwk u [u] uk [ʊk] 冬（一等） uok owk u [u] uk [ʊk] 東（三等） i̯uk juwk mostly u [u] and ü [y] /K_ but: ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉) iu [jou] (宿六) uo [uo] (縮) uk [ʊk] 鍾（三等） i̯wok jowk mostly u [u] and ü [y] /K_ but: ü [y] (續綠) uk [ʊk] juk [jʊk] /ŋ_,ʔ_ 江攝 Jiang She 止攝 Zhi She 遇攝 Yu She 蟹攝 Xie She 臻攝 Zhen She 山攝 Shan She 效攝 Xiao She 果攝 Guo She 假攝 Jia She 宕攝 Dang She 梗攝 Geng She 曾攝 Ceng She 流攝 Liu She 深攝 Shen She 咸攝 Xian She Tones Resources Middle Chinese Introduction to historical Chinese phonology (PDF) Middle Chinese lookup tool Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals Baxter's Middle Chinese spelling Middle Chinese rime characters (Ignores Chongniu) Modern Chinese Putonghua lookup Guoyu lookup Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup Cantonese lookup Taiwanese lookup Sino-Xenic Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup) Hanja lookup Sino-Vietnamese lookup