Germanic languages: Difference between revisions

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***[[Middle High German]]
***[[Middle High German]]
***[[New High German]] or Modern (Standard) German
***[[New High German]] or Modern (Standard) German
** [[Low German]]
** [[Low Saxon]] aka Low German
** [[Dutch]]
** [[Dutch]]
** [[English]]
** [[English]]

Revision as of 14:58, 1 June 2008

Sound Changes from PIE to Common Germanic

These may not be 100% accurate.

  • ḱ, ǵ, ǵʰ → k, g, gʰ

Grimm's law

  • bʰ, dʰ, gʰ, gʷʰ → β, ð, ɣ, β/ɣ
  • b, d, g, gʷ → p, t, k, kʷ/k
  • p, t, k, kʷ → f, θ, x, xʷ

Verner's law

  • f, θ, s, x, xʷ → β, ð, z, ɣ, ɣʷ (except initially or following IE stress)

Vowel changes

  • aː → oː
  • e → i
  • eː → æː
  • ei → iː
  • eːi → eː (?)
  • oi → ai
  • oːi → oː (?)
  • aːi → oː (?)
  • eu → iu
  • ou → au

Listing of Germanic Languages


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