Burgendish: Difference between revisions
From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
No edit summary |
|||
Line 139: | Line 139: | ||
! S-ſ ſſ ſs s | ! S-ſ ſſ ſs s | ||
|class="IPA"| [s], [z] | |class="IPA"| [s], [z] | ||
| While '''ſ''' was used word-initially and '''s''' word-finally for {{IPA|/s/}}, medially '''ſ, ſſ''' and '''ſs''' were distinct graphemes for the two phonemes {{IPA|/z/}} and {{IPA|/s/}} and the geminate {{IPA|/ss/}}, e.g. ''nexeſe'' {{IPA|/ˈnaʃəzə/}} ''aſſens'' {{IPA|/ˈasəns/}} | | While '''ſ''' was used word-initially and '''s''' word-finally for {{IPA|/s/}}, medially '''ſ, ſſ''' and '''ſs''' were distinct graphemes for the two phonemes {{IPA|/z/}} and {{IPA|/s/}} and the geminate {{IPA|/ss/}}, e.g. ''nexeſe'' {{IPA|/ˈnaʃəzə/}} ''aſſens'' {{IPA|/ˈasəns/}} ''uueſse'' {{IPA|/ˈwessə/}}. N.B. the occasional occurrence of triple '''ſſſ''' for {{IPA|/ss/}} as in ''uueſſſo''. This was an elaboration on the pattern in Rhodrese orthography where the distinction between {{IPA|/z/}} and {{IPA|/s/}} went back to a Latin distinction between {{IPA|/s/}} {{IPA|[z]}} and {{IPA|/ss/}}. | ||
|- | |- | ||
! T-t | ! T-t |
Revision as of 05:36, 2 October 2007
Burgendish Borgenzco | |
Spoken in: | Burgundy (Borgonze) |
Conworld: | possibly Lucus |
Total speakers: | extinct |
Genealogical classification: | Indo-European
|
Basic word order: | V2 |
Morphological type: | inflecting |
Morphosyntactic alignment: | accusative |
Writing system: | |
Created by: | |
BPJ | 2007 |
Borgenzco /ˈboɾɣən(d)sko/was a sister language to Gothic which was still spoken by Burgundians in 12th century Gaul. In English it is called Burgendish — a supposed modern derivative of the Old English ethnonym Burgendan 'Burgundians'. In Lucal Inglisc it would rather be Burgendisc, also pronounced /ˈbɜʴɡəndɪʃ/ .
Phonologically Burgendish was about as advanced as Old English. It had shared its most recent phonological developments with the co-territorial Romance language Rhodrese as a result of long-term bilingualism.
Alphabet and pronunciation
A-a | /a/ | A low unrounded vowel. It is unclear whether it was [a] or [ɑ]. Very occasionally a was used for [ə], especially after a g to show that it was to be pronounced /ɡ/ and not /ʤ/; thus [ˈborɣəndə] could be spelled borgande beside borgende and the equally occasional borghende. |
---|---|---|
B-b | [b] | A voiced bilabial stop. The sound [b] occurred only initially, in the combination [mb] and geminated as [bb]. The phoneme /b/ had an allophone [β] which was usually spelled with v. |
C-c | [k], [ts] | Usually a voiceless velar stop. Very occasionally c was used for the combination /ts/ before the letters e, i or y. The very unusual cz was a variant of tz or thz. |
Ch-ch | [k], [x] | Used for the voiceless velar stop before the letters e, i or y. Before consonants and word-finally it stands for [x], which is an allophone of /h/ or /g/, e.g. chleifs, douchter, ouchſe, dachs (also dags), macht/magt, dach/dag, iach/iag < *jah. |
D-d | [d], [ð] | The phoneme /d/ had two allophones: [d] which occurred initially, in the combinations /nd/ and /ld/, in gemination and perhaps in the combination /dz/ written z. Since there was no contrast between /d/ and /θ/ after vowels th is occasionally found for [ð] in this position, and word finally th and d are practically in free variation for [θ]. |
E-e | [e] | In stressed syllables a high mid unrounded front vowel, possibly even [ɪ], or a low or low mid unrounded front vowel [æ] or [ɛ] when it represents the i-umlaut of *a. The latter was very occasionally spelled æ, but the two were always kept apart in rimes. In unstressed syllables e stood for [ə]. |
Ea-ea | [ɛɐ]/[æː] | A diphthong [ɛɐ]or a long low unrounded front vowel [æː]. The breaking to a diphthong may have taken place during the 12th century — thus somewhat later than in Rhodrese —, or the occasional æ spellings in the relevant words are mere slips. |
Ei-ei (Ey-ey) | [ɛɪ] | A front unrounded diphthong, e.g. in chleifs. Unlike the case in Rhodrese there was no contrasting [eɪ] diphthong. |
F-f | [ɸ]/[f] | An unrounded bilabial or labiodental fricative. |
G-g | [ɡ]/[ʤ], [ɣ], [x] | The most multivalued letter in Burgendish writing. Initially it ussually stood for [ɡ], but medial double gg before the letters e, i and y usually stood for [ʤ], as in degge, while medial single g usually stood for [ɣ] as in borgende, and final g stood for [x]. While [ɡ], [ɣ] and [x] arguably were allophones of a single phoneme /ʤ/ was a distinct phoneme. |
Gh-gh | [ɡ], [ɣ] | Was very occasionally used to indicate [ɡ] or [ɣ] before the letters e, i and y. |
H-h (hh) | [h], Ø | Usually [h], but occasionally used to indicate that a following u is [w] rather than [β], e.g. ſlahue instead of ſlaoe or ſlauue. Medial [h] was usually written hh, e.g. thoahhe. Perhaps it was still pronounced [x]? |
I-i (j) Y-y | [i], [j] | I and y were used interchangeably for both /i/ and /j/, and as usual in medieval writing j was merely a graphic variant of i. Unlike the case in Rhodrese initial or medial i never stood for /ʤ/ in Burgendish. An i between two vowels was usually [jj] but was seldom written ii or ij, e.g. usually leie and only occasionally leiie. The usual spelling buiie should be interpreted as the ui digraph for /y/ followed by i for /jj/. Cf. the nonce spelling beuie for the same word. |
Ie-ie (Ye-ye) | ||
K-k | ||
L-l | ||
M-m | ||
N-n | ||
O-o | ||
Oa-oa | ||
Oe-oe | [ø] | |
Ou-ou | ||
P-p | ||
Qu-qu | ||
R-r | ||
S-ſ ſſ ſs s | [s], [z] | While ſ was used word-initially and s word-finally for /s/, medially ſ, ſſ and ſs were distinct graphemes for the two phonemes /z/ and /s/ and the geminate /ss/, e.g. nexeſe /ˈnaʃəzə/ aſſens /ˈasəns/ uueſse /ˈwessə/. N.B. the occasional occurrence of triple ſſſ for /ss/ as in uueſſſo. This was an elaboration on the pattern in Rhodrese orthography where the distinction between /z/ and /s/ went back to a Latin distinction between /s/ [z] and /ss/. |
T-t | ||
Th-th | ||
Thz-thz | ||
Tz-tz | ||
V-u-v | ||
Vi-ui | [y] | |
Vo-uo | ||
VV-uu-w | ||
X-x | ||
xz | ||
Z-z |
Historical phonology
Germanic | Early Burgundian | Burgendish | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Stressed | Unstressed | Final | ||
*a | a | e, Ø | -Ø | |
*an / _h, *aɣ / _{C,#} | *a: | ea/oa | a | -e |
*an, *am | an, am | en, em | -o | |
*e, *i | *i, *-Ø | e,Ø | -Ø | |
*en, *in, *em, *im | *in, *im | en, em | ¨-e | |
*æ:, *e: | ie | i | ¨-e | |
*i: | i | ¨-e | ||
*o, *u | *u | o | e, Ø | °-Ø |
*on, *un, *om, *um | *un, *um | on, om | °-o | |
*u: | u | o | °-o | |
*o: | uo | o | -o | |
*ai | ei | e | -e | |
*au | ou | o | -o |