Proto-West Altaic': Difference between revisions
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==Erly to late Proto-West Altaic'== | ==Erly to late Proto-West Altaic'== | ||
Late PWA' = ca. -3ka | Late PWA' = ca. -3ka | ||
PWA' had three main dialects: Northern, spoken in the vicinity of the Aral Sea; and Southern, spoken across a wide area south of this, further broken down to West proper just south of the Caspian Sea, and [[Proto-Sadabax]], spoken around where Samarkand exists in realisy. | |||
*/N/ drops before affricates and [ɖ], phonemicizing 'em | */N/ drops before affricates and [ɖ], phonemicizing 'em | ||
*/x xʷ Nx Nxʷ χ χʷ Nχ Nχʷ/ → /h f ŋh ŋʷh ħ fˤ ŋħ ŋʷħ/ | */x xʷ Nx Nxʷ χ χʷ Nχ Nχʷ/ → /h f ŋh ŋʷh ħ fˤ ŋħ ŋʷħ/ | ||
*Retroflex stops → velars before front vowels, emphatics elsewhere; [ɽˠ] → /ɡ/ consistently | *Retroflex stops → velars before front vowels, emphatics elsewhere; [ɽˠ] → /ɡ/ consistently | ||
*POA chain shift | *POA chain shift. The results differ a bit by the dialect: | ||
**1) /kʷ ŋʷ qʷ/ → /p m pˤ/ | **1) /kʷ ŋʷ qʷ/ → /p m pˤ/ (North), /pˠ m kʴ/ (South) | ||
**2) /p f/ → /t̻ θ/ (/m/ is not pushed due to distributional differences) | **2) /p f fˤ/ → /t̻ θ ??/ (North), /pʲ fʲ fˠ/ (South) (/m/ is not pushed due to distributional differences) | ||
**3) /t tʂ s n/ → /ṯ ṯ s̱ ṉ/ | **3) /t tʂ s n/ → /ṯ ṯ s̱ ṉ/ (North only) | ||
*Associated approximant drift | *Associated approximant drift | ||
**/l/ → /n̻/ | **/l/ → /n̻/ | ||
**/j/ → /ɟ/ → /d̻/ | **/j/ → /ɟ/ → /dʲ/ (South), /d̻/ (North) | ||
**/w/ → /βˠ/ → /bˠ/ →/bˤ/ | **/w/ → /βˠ/ → /bˠ/ (→ /bˤ/ in the North) | ||
*/ts/ → /θ/ ( | */ts/ → /θ/ (only in the West) | ||
*/q/ → /ʔ/ | */q/ → /ʔ/ (North and Sadabax), /kʴ/ (West) | ||
*/θ/ → /s̻/ | */θ/ → /s̻/ (→ /sʲ/ in the South) | ||
*Fricativ voicing | *Fricativ voicing | ||
*/d̻ ḏ ḏˤ/ → /l̻ ḻ ɫ/ conditionally (pretonic intervocalic maybe?) | */d̻ ḏ ḏˤ/ → /l̻ ḻ ɫ/ conditionally (pretonic intervocalic maybe?) | ||
Revision as of 07:35, 15 September 2007
Proto-Altaic' to Erly Proto-West Altaic'
- /s ʂ/ → [ts tʂ] and /ɽ/ → [ɖ] when initial or prenasal
- Conditional lenition of dorsal stops (before a certain subset of vowels maybe??) to fricativs
- Retroflexes acquire velarization
- /w/ is also possibly alreddy [βˠ] by this stage (areal influence? CF Proto-Betamax)
Erly to late Proto-West Altaic'
Late PWA' = ca. -3ka PWA' had three main dialects: Northern, spoken in the vicinity of the Aral Sea; and Southern, spoken across a wide area south of this, further broken down to West proper just south of the Caspian Sea, and Proto-Sadabax, spoken around where Samarkand exists in realisy.
- /N/ drops before affricates and [ɖ], phonemicizing 'em
- /x xʷ Nx Nxʷ χ χʷ Nχ Nχʷ/ → /h f ŋh ŋʷh ħ fˤ ŋħ ŋʷħ/
- Retroflex stops → velars before front vowels, emphatics elsewhere; [ɽˠ] → /ɡ/ consistently
- POA chain shift. The results differ a bit by the dialect:
- 1) /kʷ ŋʷ qʷ/ → /p m pˤ/ (North), /pˠ m kʴ/ (South)
- 2) /p f fˤ/ → /t̻ θ ??/ (North), /pʲ fʲ fˠ/ (South) (/m/ is not pushed due to distributional differences)
- 3) /t tʂ s n/ → /ṯ ṯ s̱ ṉ/ (North only)
- Associated approximant drift
- /l/ → /n̻/
- /j/ → /ɟ/ → /dʲ/ (South), /d̻/ (North)
- /w/ → /βˠ/ → /bˠ/ (→ /bˤ/ in the North)
- /ts/ → /θ/ (only in the West)
- /q/ → /ʔ/ (North and Sadabax), /kʴ/ (West)
- /θ/ → /s̻/ (→ /sʲ/ in the South)
- Fricativ voicing
- /d̻ ḏ ḏˤ/ → /l̻ ḻ ɫ/ conditionally (pretonic intervocalic maybe?)
| Labial | Lamino- dental |
Apico- postalveolar |
Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain | Emphatic | Plain | Emphatic | |||||
| Voiceless stops | p | pˤ | t̻ | ṯ | ṯˤ | k | ʔ | |
| Voiced stops | b | bˤ | d̻ | ḏ | ḏˤ | ɡ | ||
| Voiceless fricativs | s̻ | s̱ | ʂˣ | ħ | h | |||
| Voiced fricativs | z̻ | ẕ | ʐˠ | ʕ | ||||
| Nasals | m | mˤ | n̻ | ṉ | ŋ | |||
| Laterals | l̻ | ḻ | ɫ | |||||
Depending on the font, the laminality signs (subsc. square) may look like dentality sings (subsc. bridge), but since they're dental anyway, that's no problem.
/ṯ ḏ s̱ ẕ ṯˤ ḏˤ/ → [ʧ ʤ ʃ ʒ k ɡ] before front vowels
