Uínlītska Phonology: Difference between revisions
From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
(→Sandhi) |
|||
| Line 215: | Line 215: | ||
* Phonemic "double" or "long" consonants lose their first orthographic component: '''mantkjun''' /mɑnttʃun/ > '''mankjun''' /mɑntʃun/. | * Phonemic "double" or "long" consonants lose their first orthographic component: '''mantkjun''' /mɑnttʃun/ > '''mankjun''' /mɑntʃun/. | ||
=All sound changes in CSMF format= | =All sound changes in CSMF format= | ||
Revision as of 07:59, 14 September 2007
Syllable Structure
BNF
Not quite right yet
WORD ::= SIMPLE | SIMPLE WORD | SIMPLE COMPLEX WORD | WORD SUFFIX SIMPLE ::= STRONGVOWEL | C STRONGVOWEL | Q STRONGVOWEL COMPLEX ::= C WEAKVOWEL | Q C WEAKVOWEL | Q WEAKVOWEL SUFFIX ::= C WEAKVOWEL | C WEAKVOWEL C | C STRONGVOWEL STRONGVOWEL ::= COREVOWEL | COREVOWEL ':' | EXTVOWEL | EXTVOWEL ':' | EXTVOWEL '*' WEAKVOWEL ::= COREVOWEL | COREVOWEL '~' COREVOWEL ::= 'i' | 'ə' | 'ɑ' EXTVOWEL ::= 'e' | 'o' C ::= 'ʃk' | 'sk' | 'p' | 't' | 'tʃ' | LIQUID | SIBILANT | NASAL Q ::= '·' | LIQUID | SIBILANT LIQUID ::= 'w' | 'j' | 'l' NASAL ::= 'm' | 'n' SIBILANT ::= 's' | 'ʃ' | 'f' | 'x' | 'z' | 'ɬ'
Stress
The first syllable of any root takes primary stress. Secondary stress in words of three or more syllables falls immediately before the last consonant.
Thus, stress falls on the bold and italic vowels in a, ka, kafta, kaftasa, kaftasat.
Consonants
| p | t | k | ʔ | |
| f | s z | ʃ | x ɣ | |
| tʃ | ||||
| ɬ l | ||||
| m | n | [ŋ] | ||
| w | j |
The phoneme /n/ has the allophone [ŋ] when immediately preceeding to a dorsal phoneme.
Vowels
In strong syllables
| i iː | ||
| e eː | ə əː | o oː |
| ɛ | ɔ | |
| ɑ ɑː |
In weak syllables
| i ĩ | ||
| ə ə̃ | ||
| ɑ ɑ̃ |
Sound adaptation in borrowed words
Every foreign phoneme (if possible) maps to the identical phoneme in Fínlǣsk.
The following general rules tend to apply to phonemes from various languages without exact duplicates in Fínlǣsk:
| Foreign | q | ɢ | ɴ | ɟ | ɰ | kʷ | ʌ |
| Fínlǣsk | k | ɡ | ŋɡ* | j | w | kw | ɑ |
*Inuktitut /ɴ/ becomes /ɡ/ word-initially.
Sandhi / Liaison
Vowels
Umlauting
| Base vowel | η | a | á | e | é | ę | i | í | o | ó | ǫ | ø | ǿ |
| i-umlaut | υ | e | é | i | í | e | i | í | i | í | e | e | é |
| u-umlaut | ω | ø | ǿ | eu | éu | ęu | i | í | o | ó | ǫ | o | ó |
Consonants
Long Clusters
CCC sequences are phonotactically disallowed, though note that this means phonemic sequences (things like tj /tʃ/ are considered single consonants under these rules). The following is a simple summary of the rules, in the order they are applied, along with contrived examples.
- If an orthographic j occurs anywhere in the CCC sequence, it is moved to the end: mantj /mɑntʃ/ + kun /kun/ > mantkjun /mɑnttʃun/
- Phonemic "double" or "long" consonants lose their first orthographic component: mantkjun /mɑnttʃun/ > mankjun /mɑntʃun/.
All sound changes in CSMF format
# Standard rules to turn ON orthographic into IPA, assigning classes and attributes along the way
use 'read-ON-as-IPA.csmf'
#t > s, tt > st, d > t, dd > ʔt (et al)
τ > σ / V _ V
τ > h / _ κ
h > ʃ / _ κ[+velar]
h > s / _ κ[-velar]
δ > ʔ / _ κ[-voice]
δ > ∅ / _ κ[+voice]
δ > τ
#More fricathivization
hr > ʃ
kr > x
ɡr > ɣ
θ > ɬ
ð > z
s > ʃ / # _ T
#Vowels
o > ə
y[+long] > iw
y > i
œy > oj
œ[+long] > ew
œ > e
ɛi > ej
ɛ[-long] > e
ɛ[+long] > ɛ[-long]
æ[+long] > ɛj
æ > ɛ
ɒ[+long] > ɑw
ɒu > əw
ɒ > ɔ
u[+long] > iw
u > o
#Eliminate 'r'
υr > υ[+long]
r > j / κ[+dental] _
r > n / _ κ[+dental]
r > d / # _
r > l
σl > ɬ
σ > τ / σ _
#Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables
e[-stress] > i
(o,ɛ)[-stress] > ə
ɔ[-stress] > ɑ
υ[+long][-stress] > υ[-long]
υ[-stress]μ > υ[+nasal]
υ[-stress]ρμ > υ[+nasal]ρ
#Deal with glide and/or vowel clusters
j > i / ρ _ κ, κ _ ρ
w > o / ρ _ κ, κ _ ρ
υ > ː / $1 _
υː > υ[+long]
#Convert IPA to standard Finla orthography
use 'write-IPA-as-Finla.csmf'
Sound Change rules in sc.py format
# First, read Old Norse to IPA # Includes some shenannigans to workaround multi-char symbols and funky mappings * ǫ́ ǫː _ * e ɛ _ onlng = áéíóúýœæ onsht = aeiouyøɛ * 0 ː <onlng>_ * <onlng> <onsht> _ nonipa = aǫþvh ipa = ɑɒθwx * <nonipa> <ipa> _ blb = pbfvφβmλρ alv = tdθðsznlr vlr = kgxɣфвŋля tv = bdg tu = ptk t = tu~tv sv = vzɣ su = fsx spri = fsxvzɣ ssec = φθфβðв s = su~sv cv = tv~sv cu = tu~su c = cu~cv~ʔʃ v = eioɛɑɒə vt = jjwjʔwɣ fv = eoɛɒ uv = iəəɑ r = λρlrля w = λρlrляwj rt = bbddgg ro = lrlrlr rv = əəiiɑɑ n = mnŋ nt = bdg nr = wlj na = ɑɑɑ fipa = ɑəɛɒw fnonipa = aøęǫu fsht = aeioø flng = áéíóǿ fnas = ā‽ī‽ø #t > s, tt > st, d > t, dd > ʔt (et al) * <tu> <su> _<^v> * <tu> <su> #_ * <tu> <su> <^su>_# * <tu> s _<tu> * <tv> ʔ _<tu> * <tv> 0 _<tv> * <tv> <tu> _ #More fricathivization * s ʃ #_<c> * s ʃ _<vlr> * θ ɬ _ * ð z _ * x c ʃ_ * ʃ s _c * ʃ s _<c> #Vowels * o ə _ * øy oj _ * øː ew _ * ø e _ * yː iw _ * y i _ * ɛi ej _ * ɛ Ω _ː * ː 0 Ω_ * ɛ e _ * Ω ɛ _ * ɒː ɑw _ * ɒu əw _ * uː iw _ * u o _ #Eliminate 'r' * r ː <v>_ * r j <alv>_ * r n _<alv> * r d #_ * r l _ * l ɬ s_ * l ɬ s_ * s 0 _ɬ #Vowel reduction in noninitial syllables * 0 Ω <v><^v>*<v>_ * 0 Ω Ω<^v>*<v>_ * <fv> <uv> _Ω * ː 0 Ω_ * <n> ƞ Ω_ * <w><n> ƞ#1 Ω_ * Ω 0 _ #Deal with glide and/or vowel clusters * j i j_ * w o w_ * 0<v> #2`v`vt#2 <v>_ * 0<v> #2`v`vt#2 <v>ː_ * <v> ː %_ #Convert IPA to standard Finla orthography * <alv>ʃ #1j _ * <vlr>ʃ #1j _ * ʃ0 sj _ * <r> <ro> _ * ə ø _ * <fipa> <fnonipa> _ * <fsht> <flng> _ː * ː 0 _ * <fsht> <fnas> _ƞ * øƞ ø̄ _ * ƞ 0 _ * 0 h _ɬ * ɬ l _ * x h _
