User:Ahzoh: Difference between revisions

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Line 1,811: Line 1,811:
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsâna''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsâna''
|-
|}
====Other2====
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (strong, a-class)
|-
| colspan="7" style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '''P-R-Ḫ''' (speak, say)
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫupruḫas''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫupruḫ-''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Active
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Actual
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Potential
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Commissive
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Counterfactual
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Long Jussive
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Short Jussive
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapraḫni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫapraḫni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫapraḫni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫapraḫni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapraḫanni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapraḫma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫapraḫma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫapraḫma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫapraḫma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapraḫamma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapraḫū''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapraḫta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫapraḫta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫapraḫta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫapraḫta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapraḫatta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapraḫā''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapraḫti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫapraḫti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫapraḫti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫapraḫti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapraḫatti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapraḫman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫapraḫman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫapraḫman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫapraḫman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapraḫamman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapraḫūna''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapraḫtan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫapraḫtan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫapraḫtan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫapraḫtan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapraḫattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫapraḫāna''
|-
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class)
|-
| colspan="7" style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '''Y-N-D''' (catch)
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫūnudas''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫūnud-''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Active
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Actual
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Potential
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Commissive
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Counterfactual
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Long Jussive
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Short Jussive
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫīnanni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫīnanni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫīnanni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫīnanni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫīnadanni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫīnadma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫīnadma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫīnadma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫīnadma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫīnadamma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫīnadū''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫīnatta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫīnatta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫīnatta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫīnatta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫīnadatta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫīnadā''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫīnatti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫīnatti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫīnatti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫīnatti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫīnadatti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫīnadman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫīnadman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫīnadman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫīnadman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫīnadamman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫīnadūna''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫīnattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫīnattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫīnattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫīnattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫīnadattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫīnadāna''
|-
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class)
|-
| colspan="7" style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '''Ṣ-ˀ-B''' (kill)
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫuṣubbas''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫuṣubb-''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Active
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Actual
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Potential
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Commissive
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Counterfactual
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Long Jussive
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Short Jussive
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣābni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫṣābni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫṣābni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫṣābni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣābanni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣāmma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫṣāmma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫṣāmma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫṣāmma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣābamma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣābū''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣābta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫṣābta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫṣābta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫṣābta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣābatta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣābā''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣābti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫṣābti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫṣābti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫṣābti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣābatti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣāmman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫṣāmman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫṣāmman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫṣāmman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣābamman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣābūna''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣābtan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫṣābtan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫṣābtan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫṣābtan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣābattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaṣābāna''
|-
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class)
|-
| colspan="7" style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '''R-S-Y''' (be good, be moral)
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫursâs''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫursu-''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" |
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Active
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Actual
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Potential
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Commissive
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Counterfactual
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Long Jussive
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Short Jussive
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarsīni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫarsīni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫarsīni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫarsīni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarsanni''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarsīma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫarsīma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫarsīma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫarsīma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarsamma''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarsû''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.sg
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarsīsa''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫarsīsa''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫarsīsa''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫarsīsa''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarsatta''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarsâ''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarsīti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫarsīti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫarsīti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫarsīti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarsatti''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarsīman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫarsīman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫarsīman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫarsīman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarsamman''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarsûna''
|-
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.pl
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarsīsan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naḫarsīsan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taḫarsīsan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yaḫarsīsan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarsattan''
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫarsâna''
|-
|-
|}
|}

Revision as of 16:52, 17 September 2024

Creator of Vrkhazhian, Onschen and Hussite


𞤹𞤸𞤪


WIP Vrkhazhian Case System

Status Absolutus
Animate Inanimate
Feminine Masculine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative -um -ūwa -im -īya -am -āya -as -āya
Vocative -u -i -a
Accusative -us -ūsa -is -īsa -as -āsa
Ergative -un -ūna -in -īna -an -āna -an -āna
Genitive -uḫ -ūwa -iḫ -īya -aḫ -āya -aḫ -āya
Equative -ūli -īli -āli -āli
Status Constructus
Animate Inanimate
Feminine Masculine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative -∅ -ū -∅ -ī -∅ -ā -∅ -ā
Oblique
Genitive -u -i -a -a
Equative -ūli -īli -āli -āli

WIP Verb System

Active Voice

Causative Voice

Applicative Voice

Benefactive-Associative

Other

Stem shapes based on stress

Verbs

Base
Weakness Realis Irrealis Imperative
Strong PaRáḪ- -PRáḪ- PaRḪ-á-
Initial Weak PaRáḪ- -RáḪ- PaRḪ-á-
Middle Weak Pā́Ḫ- -Pā́Ḫ- PāḪ-á-
Final Weak PaRā́- -PRā́- PāR-á-
Gemination
Weakness Realis Irrealis Imperative
Strong PaRRáḪ- -PaRRáḪ- PaRRaḪ-á-
Initial Weak PaRRáḪ- -RRáḪ- PaRRaḪ-á-
Middle Weak PấḪ- -PấḪ- PaḪḪ-á-
Final Weak PaRRā́- -PaRRā́- PaRR-á-
Prefix
Weakness Realis Irrealis Imperative
Strong saPRáḪ- -saPRáḪ- saPRaḪ-á-
Initial Weak sāRáḪ- -sāRáḪ- sāRaḪ-á-
Middle Weak saPā́Ḫ- -sPā́Ḫ- saPāḪ-á-
Final Weak saPRā́- -saPRā́- saPR-á-
Prefix Gemination
Weakness Realis Irrealis Imperative
Strong saPaRRáḪ- -sPaRRáḪ- saPaRRaḪ-á-
Initial Weak saRRáḪ- -saRRáḪ- saRRaḪ-á-
Middle Weak saPấḪ- -sPấḪ- saPaḪḪ-á-
Final Weak saPaRRā́- -sPaRRā́- saPaRR-á-

Deverbatives

Base
Weakness Abs. Cons. Poss. (Sg.) Poss. (Pl.)
Strong PáRḪ-as PáRaḪ PaRáḪ- PaRḪ-ā́-
Initial Weak PáRḪ-as PáRaḪ PaRáḪ- PaRḪ-ā́-
Middle Weak Pā́Ḫ-as Pā́Ḫ Pā́Ḫ- PāḪ-ā́-
Final Weak Pā́R-as Pā́R Pā́R- PāR-ā́-
Lengthened
Weakness Abs. Cons. Poss. (Sg.) Poss. (Pl.)
Strong PaRā́Ḫ-as PáRāḪ PaRā́Ḫ- PaRāḪ-ā́-
Initial Weak PaRā́Ḫ-as PáRāḪ PaRā́Ḫ- PaRāḪ-ā́-
Middle Weak PấḪ-as PấḪ PấḪ- PâḪ-ā́-
Final Weak PaR-ấs PáRā PaR-ấ-
Gemination
Weakness Abs. Cons. Poss. (Sg.) Poss. (Pl.)
Strong PáRRaḪ-as PáRRaḪ PaRRáḪ- PaRRaḪ-ā́-
Initial Weak PáRRaḪ-as PáRRaḪ PaRRáḪ- PaRRaḪ-ā́-
Middle Weak PáḪḪ-as Pā́Ḫ PáḪḪ-a PaḪḪ-ā́-
Final Weak PaRR-ấs PáRRa PaRR-ấ-

Voice

Case-Role Marking in Secundative Alignment (D=S, R=P, T=separate)
Voice Role/Marking
Nominative Accusative Instrumental
Active (Intransitive) Subject N/A N/A
Active (Monotransitive) Subject Object N/A
Active (Ditransitive) Subject Primary Object Secondary Object
Causative/Instrumental Causer Causee/Instrument Object

Morpheme Chain

Clausal Proclitics Relativizer Tense/Mood Stem Imperative Subject Negation Subject Plural
(2nd and 3rd)
Voice Root
various iC- na-, ta-, ḫa- s(i)-, m(i)- R₁(a)R₂aR₃
R₁(a)R₂uR₃
R₁(a)R₂iR₃ 		-aC- / -ā- various -si -n

Ablaut Classes

Ablaut Classes
Realis Irrealis
Class 1 Transitive a a
Intransitive u a
i a
Class 2 Dynamic a u
u u
Stative i i
Class 3 Dynamic a a
u a
Stative i i

Ch'adic

Proto-Č̣aḥdaš consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Pharyngeal Glottal
central sibilant lateral
Nasal m n ŋ ⟨n̮⟩
Stop fortis p t t͡s ⟨c⟩ t͡ɬ ⟨ć⟩ t͡ʃ ⟨č⟩ k ʡ ʔ
emphatic pʼ ⟨ṗ⟩ tʼ ⟨ṭ⟩ t͡sʼ ⟨c̣⟩ t͡ɬʼ ⟨ć̣⟩ t͡ʃʼ ⟨č̣⟩ kʼ ⟨ḳ⟩
lenis b d d͡z ⟨ʒ⟩ d͡ɮ ⟨ʒ́⟩ d͡ʒ ⟨ǯ⟩ g
Fricative f s ɬ ⟨ś⟩ ʃ ⟨š⟩ x ⟨ḫ⟩ ħ ⟨ḥ⟩ h
Approximant w j ⟨y⟩
Liquid r l
Proto-Č̣aḥdaš nouns
Status Absolutus Status Constructus
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Feminine -u -un -u -ū
Masculine -i -in -i -ī
Neuter -ar -aran -a -ā
Inanimate -aš -ašan

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