User:Ahzoh: Difference between revisions
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| Line 1,180: | Line 1,180: | ||
===Applicative Voice=== | ===Applicative Voice=== | ||
====Benefactive-Associative==== | |||
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;" | {| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ||
| Line 1,494: | Line 1,494: | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''sarsattan'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''sarsattan'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''sarsâna'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''sarsâna'' | ||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====Other==== | |||
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (strong, a-class) | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="7" style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '''P-R-Ḫ''' (speak, say) | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mupruḫas'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mupruḫ-'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Active | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Actual | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Potential | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Commissive | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Counterfactual | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Long Jussive | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Short Jussive | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.sg | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mapraḫni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namapraḫni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamapraḫni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamapraḫni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mapraḫanni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.sg | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mapraḫma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namapraḫma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamapraḫma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamapraḫma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mapraḫamma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mapraḫū'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.sg | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mapraḫta'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namapraḫta'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamapraḫta'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamapraḫta'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mapraḫatta'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mapraḫā'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.pl | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mapraḫti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namapraḫti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamapraḫti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamapraḫti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mapraḫatti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.pl | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mapraḫman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namapraḫman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamapraḫman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamapraḫman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mapraḫamman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mapraḫūna'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.pl | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mapraḫtan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namapraḫtan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamapraḫtan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamapraḫtan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mapraḫattan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mapraḫāna'' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="7" style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '''Y-N-D''' (catch) | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mūnudas'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mūnud-'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Active | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Actual | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Potential | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Commissive | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Counterfactual | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Long Jussive | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Short Jussive | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.sg | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mīnanni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namīnanni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamīnanni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamīnanni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mīnadanni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.sg | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mīnadma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namīnadma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamīnadma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamīnadma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mīnadamma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mīnadū'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.sg | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mīnatta'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namīnatta'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamīnatta'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamīnatta'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mīnadatta'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mīnadā'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.pl | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mīnatti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namīnatti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamīnatti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamīnatti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mīnadatti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.pl | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mīnadman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namīnadman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamīnadman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamīnadman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mīnadamman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mīnadūna'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.pl | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mīnattan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namīnattan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamīnattan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamīnattan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mīnadattan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mīnadāna'' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="7" style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '''Ṣ-ˀ-B''' (kill) | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''muṣūbas'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''muṣūb-'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Active | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Actual | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Potential | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Commissive | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Counterfactual | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Long Jussive | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Short Jussive | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.sg | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''maṣābni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namṣābni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamṣābni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamṣābni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''maṣābanni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.sg | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''maṣāmma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namṣāmma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamṣāmma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamṣāmma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''maṣābamma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''maṣābū'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.sg | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''maṣābta'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namṣābta'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamṣābta'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamṣābta'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''maṣābatta'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''maṣābā'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.pl | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''maṣābti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namṣābti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamṣābti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamṣābti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''maṣābatti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.pl | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''maṣāmman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namṣāmman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamṣāmman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamṣāmman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''maṣābamman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''maṣābūna'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.pl | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''maṣābtan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namṣābtan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamṣābtan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamṣābtan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''maṣābattan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''maṣābāna'' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="7" style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '''R-S-Y''' (be good, be moral) | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mursâs'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''mursu-'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Active | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Actual | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Potential | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Commissive | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Counterfactual | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Long Jussive | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Short Jussive | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.sg | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsīni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namarsīni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamarsīni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamarsīni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsanni'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.sg | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsīma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namarsīma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamarsīma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamarsīma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsamma'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsû'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.sg | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsīsa'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namarsīsa'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamarsīsa'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamarsīsa'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsatta'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsâ'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.pl | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsīti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namarsīti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamarsīti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamarsīti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsatti'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.pl | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsīman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namarsīman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamarsīman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamarsīman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsamman'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsûna'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.pl | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsīsan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''namarsīsan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''tamarsīsan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫamarsīsan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsattan'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''marsâna'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 15:50, 17 September 2024
Creator of Vrkhazhian, Onschen and Hussite
𞤹𞤸𞤪
WIP Vrkhazhian Case System
| Animate | Inanimate | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | |||||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||
| Nominative | -um | -ūwa | -im | -īya | -am | -āya | -as | -āya | |
| Vocative | -u | -i | -a | ||||||
| Accusative | -us | -ūsa | -is | -īsa | -as | -āsa | |||
| Ergative | -un | -ūna | -in | -īna | -an | -āna | -an | -āna | |
| Genitive | -uḫ | -ūwa | -iḫ | -īya | -aḫ | -āya | -aḫ | -āya | |
| Equative | -ūli | -īli | -āli | -āli | |||||
| Animate | Inanimate | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | |||||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||
| Nominative | -∅ | -ū | -∅ | -ī | -∅ | -ā | -∅ | -ā | |
| Oblique | |||||||||
| Genitive | -u | -i | -a | -a | |||||
| Equative | -ūli | -īli | -āli | -āli | |||||
WIP Verb System
| Strong Verbs | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ḫaśras | namras | parḫas | |
| "???" | "be evil" | "speak, say" | |
| 1sg | ḫaśurni | namirni | paraḫni |
| 2sg | ḫaśurma | namirma | paraḫma |
| 3sg | ḫaśurta | namirta | paraḫta |
| 1pl | ḫaśurti | namirti | paraḫti |
| 2pl | ḫaśurman | namirman | paraḫman |
| 3pl | ḫaśurtan | namirtan | paraḫtan |
| I-Weak Verbs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| yaźbas | wasḫas | ˀaldas | ??? | |
| "???" | "be loyal" | "fight" | "???" | |
| 1sg | yaźubni | wasiḫni | ˀalanni | ??? |
| 2sg | yaźumma | wasiḫma | ˀaladma | ??? |
| 3sg | yaźubta | wasiḫta | ˀalatta | ??? |
| 1pl | yaźubti | wasiḫti | ˀalatti | ??? |
| 2pl | yaźumman | wasiḫman | ˀaladman | ??? |
| 3pl | yaźubtan | wasiḫtan | ˀalattan | ??? |
| II-Weak Verbs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| dūlas | tīlas | ṣābas | lēbas | |
| "dig, reveal" | "destroy" | "kill" | "give" | |
| 1sg | dūlni | tīlni | ṣābni | lēbni |
| 2sg | dūlma | tīlma | ṣāmma | lēmma |
| 3sg | dūlta | tīlta | ṣābta | lēbta |
| 1pl | dūlti | tīlti | ṣābti | lēbti |
| 2pl | dūlman | tīlman | ṣāmman | lēmman |
| 3pl | dūltan | tīltan | ṣābtan | lēbtan |
| III-Weak Verbs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ??? | rāsas | mālas | kēmas | |
| "???" | "be good" | "heal" | "go up, rise" | |
| 1sg | ??? | rasīni | malāni | kemēni |
| 2sg | ??? | rasīma | malāma | kemēma |
| 3sg | ??? | rasīsa | malāsa | kemēsa |
| 1pl | ??? | rasīti | malāti | kemēti |
| 2pl | ??? | rasīman | malāman | kemēman |
| 3pl | ??? | rasīsan | malāsan | kemēsan |
Active Voice
| Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
| Infinitive | parḫas | |||||
| Participle | parraḫ- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | paraḫni | napruḫni | tapruḫni | ḫapruḫni | parḫanni | — |
| 2.sg | paraḫma | napruḫma | tapruḫma | ḫapruḫma | parḫamma | parḫū |
| 3.sg | paraḫta | napruḫta | tapruḫta | ḫapruḫta | parḫatta | parḫā |
| 1.pl | paraḫti | napruḫti | tapruḫti | ḫapruḫti | parḫatti | — |
| 2.pl | paraḫman | napruḫman | tapruḫman | ḫapruḫman | parḫamman | parḫūna |
| 3.pl | paraḫtan | napruḫtan | tapruḫtan | ḫapruḫtan | parḫattan | parḫāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | paraḫnisi | napruḫnisi | tapruḫnisi | ḫapruḫnisi | parḫannisi | |
| 2.sg | paraḫmasi | napruḫmasi | tapruḫmasi | ḫapruḫmasi | parḫammasi | |
| 3.sg | paraḫtasi | napruḫtasi | tapruḫtasi | ḫapruḫtasi | parḫattasi | |
| 1.pl | paraḫtisi | napruḫtisi | tapruḫtisi | ḫapruḫtisi | parḫattisi | |
| 2.pl | paraḫmasin | napruḫmasin | tapruḫmasin | ḫapruḫmasin | parḫammasin | |
| 3.pl | paraḫtasin | napruḫtasin | tapruḫtasin | ḫapruḫtasin | parḫattasin | |
| Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
| Infinitive | yandas | |||||
| Participle | yannad- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | yananni | nīnanni | tīnanni | ḫīnanni | yandanni | — |
| 2.sg | yanadma | nīnadma | tīnadma | ḫīnadma | yandamma | yandū |
| 3.sg | yanatta | nīnatta | tīnatta | ḫīnatta | yandatta | yandā |
| 1.pl | yanatti | nīnatti | tīnatti | ḫīnatti | yandatti | — |
| 2.pl | yanadman | nīnadman | tīnadman | ḫīnadman | yandamman | yandūna |
| 3.pl | yanattan | nīnattan | tīnattan | ḫīnattan | yandattan | yandāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | yanannisi | nīnannisi | tīnannisi | ḫīnannisi | yandannisi | |
| 2.sg | yanadmasi | nīnadmasi | tīnadmasi | ḫīnadmasi | yandammasi | |
| 3.sg | yanattasi | nīnattasi | tīnattasi | ḫīnattasi | yandattasi | |
| 1.pl | yanattisi | nīnattisi | tīnattisi | ḫīnattisi | yandattisi | |
| 2.pl | yanadmasin | nīnadmasin | tīnadmasin | ḫīnadmasin | yandammasin | |
| 3.pl | yanattasin | nīnattasin | tīnattasin | ḫīnattasin | yandattasin | |
| Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
| Infinitive | ṣābas | |||||
| Participle | ṣabb- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | ṣābni | naṣābni | taṣābni | ḫaṣābni | ṣābanni | — |
| 2.sg | ṣāmma | naṣāmma | taṣāmma | ḫaṣāmma | ṣābamma | ṣābū |
| 3.sg | ṣābta | naṣābta | taṣābta | ḫaṣābta | ṣābatta | ṣābā |
| 1.pl | ṣābti | naṣābti | taṣābti | ḫaṣābti | ṣābatti | — |
| 2.pl | ṣāmman | naṣāmman | taṣāmman | ḫaṣāmman | ṣābamman | ṣābūna |
| 3.pl | ṣābtan | naṣābtan | taṣābtan | ḫaṣābtan | ṣābattan | ṣābāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | ṣābnisi | naṣābnisi | taṣābnisi | ḫaṣābnisi | ṣābannisi | |
| 2.sg | ṣāmmasi | naṣāmmasi | taṣāmmasi | ḫaṣāmmasi | ṣābammasi | |
| 3.sg | ṣābtasi | naṣābtasi | taṣābtasi | ḫaṣābtasi | ṣābattasi | |
| 1.pl | ṣābtisi | naṣābtisi | taṣābtisi | ḫaṣābtisi | ṣābattisi | |
| 2.pl | ṣāmmasin | naṣāmmasin | taṣāmmasin | ḫaṣāmmasin | ṣābammanis | |
| 3.pl | ṣābtasin | naṣābtasin | taṣābtasin | ḫaṣābtasin | ṣābattasin | |
| Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
| Infinitive | rāsas | |||||
| Participle | rassa- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | rasīni | narsīni | tarsīni | ḫarsīni | rāsanni | — |
| 2.sg | rasīma | narsīma | tarsīma | ḫarsīma | rāsamma | rāsū |
| 3.sg | rasīsa | narsīsa | tarsīsa | ḫarsīsa | rāsatta | rāsā |
| 1.pl | rasīti | narsīti | tarsīti | ḫarsīti | rāsatti | — |
| 2.pl | rasīman | narsīman | tarsīman | ḫarsīman | rāsamman | rāsūna |
| 3.pl | rasīsan | narsīsan | tarsīsan | ḫarsīsan | rāsattan | rāsāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | rasīnisi | narsīnisi | tarsīnisi | ḫarsīnisi | rāsannisi | |
| 2.sg | rasīmasi | narsīmasi | tarsīmasi | ḫarsīmasi | rāsammasi | |
| 3.sg | rasīsasi | narsīsasi | tarsīsasi | ḫarsīsasi | rāsattasi | |
| 1.pl | rasītisi | narsītisi | tarsītisi | ḫarsītisi | rāsattisi | |
| 2.pl | rasīmasin | narsīmasin | tarsīmasin | ḫarsīmasin | rāsammasin | |
| 3.pl | rasīsasin | narsīsasin | tarsīsasin | ḫarsīsasin | rāsattasin | |
Causative Voice
| Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
| Infinitive | purruḫas | |||||
| Participle | purruḫ- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | parraḫni | naparraḫni | taparraḫni | ḫaparraḫni | parraḫanni | — |
| 2.sg | parraḫma | naparraḫma | taparraḫma | ḫaparraḫma | parraḫamma | parraḫū |
| 3.sg | parraḫta | naparraḫta | taparraḫta | ḫaparraḫta | parraḫatta | parraḫā |
| 1.pl | parraḫti | naparraḫti | taparraḫti | ḫaparraḫti | parraḫatti | — |
| 2.pl | parraḫman | naparraḫman | taparraḫman | ḫaparraḫman | parraḫamman | parraḫūna |
| 3.pl | parraḫtan | naparraḫtan | taparraḫtan | ḫaparraḫtan | parraḫattan | parraḫāna |
| Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
| Infinitive | yunnudas | |||||
| Participle | yunnud- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | yannanni | ninnanni | tinnanni | ḫinnanni | yannadanni | — |
| 2.sg | yannadma | ninnadma | tinnadma | ḫinnadma | yannadamma | yannadū |
| 3.sg | yannatta | ninnatta | tinnatta | ḫinnatta | yannadatta | yannadā |
| 1.pl | yannatti | ninnatti | tinnatti | ḫinnatti | yannadatti | — |
| 2.pl | yannadman | ninnadman | tinnadman | ḫinnadman | yannadamman | yannadūna |
| 3.pl | yanattan | ninnattan | tinnattan | ḫinnattan | yannadattan | yannadāna |
| Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
| Infinitive | ṣubbas | |||||
| Participle | ṣubb- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | ṣâbni | naṣâbni | taṣâbni | ḫaṣâbni | ṣabbanni | — |
| 2.sg | ṣâmma | naṣâmma | taṣâmma | ḫaṣâmma | ṣabbamma | ṣabbū |
| 3.sg | ṣâbta | naṣâbta | taṣâbta | ḫaṣâbta | ṣabbatta | ṣabbā |
| 1.pl | ṣâbti | naṣâbti | taṣâbti | ḫaṣâbti | ṣabbatti | — |
| 2.pl | ṣâmman | naṣâmman | taṣâmman | ḫaṣâmman | ṣabbamman | ṣabbūna |
| 3.pl | ṣâbtan | naṣâbtan | taṣâbtan | ḫaṣâbtan | ṣabbattan | ṣabbāna |
| Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
| Infinitive | russâs | |||||
| Participle | russu- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | rassīni | narassīni | tarassīni | ḫarassīni | rassanni | — |
| 2.sg | rassīma | narassīma | tarassīma | ḫarassīma | rassamma | rassû |
| 3.sg | rassīsa | narassīsa | tarassīsa | ḫarassīsa | rassatta | rassâ |
| 1.pl | rassīti | narassīti | tarassīti | ḫarassīti | rassatti | — |
| 2.pl | rassīman | narassīman | tarassīman | ḫarassīman | rassamman | rassûna |
| 3.pl | rassīsan | narassīsan | tarassīsan | ḫarassīsan | rassattan | rassâna |
Applicative Voice
Benefactive-Associative
| Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
| Infinitive | supruḫas | |||||
| Participle | supruḫ- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | sapraḫni | nasapraḫni | tasapraḫni | ḫasapraḫni | sapraḫanni | — |
| 2.sg | sapraḫma | nasapraḫma | tasapraḫma | ḫasapraḫma | sapraḫamma | sapraḫū |
| 3.sg | sapraḫta | nasapraḫta | tasapraḫta | ḫasapraḫta | sapraḫatta | sapraḫā |
| 1.pl | sapraḫti | nasapraḫti | tasapraḫti | ḫasapraḫti | sapraḫatti | — |
| 2.pl | sapraḫman | nasapraḫman | tasapraḫman | ḫasapraḫman | sapraḫamman | sapraḫūna |
| 3.pl | sapraḫtan | nasapraḫtan | tasapraḫtan | ḫasapraḫtan | sapraḫattan | sapraḫāna |
| Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
| Infinitive | sūnudas | |||||
| Participle | sūnud- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | sīnanni | nasīnanni | tasīnanni | ḫasīnanni | sīnadanni | — |
| 2.sg | sīnadma | nasīnadma | tasīnadma | ḫasīnadma | sīnadamma | sīnadū |
| 3.sg | sīnatta | nasīnatta | tasīnatta | ḫasīnatta | sīnadatta | sīnadā |
| 1.pl | sīnatti | nasīnatti | tasīnatti | ḫasīnatti | sīnadatti | — |
| 2.pl | sīnadman | nasīnadman | tasīnadman | ḫasīnadman | sīnadamman | sīnadūna |
| 3.pl | sīnattan | nasīnattan | tasīnattan | ḫasīnattan | sīnadattan | sīnadāna |
| Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
| Infinitive | suṣūbas | |||||
| Participle | suṣūb- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | saṣābni | naṣṣābni | taṣṣābni | ḫaṣṣābni | saṣābanni | — |
| 2.sg | saṣāmma | naṣṣāmma | taṣṣāmma | ḫaṣṣāmma | saṣābamma | saṣābū |
| 3.sg | saṣābta | naṣṣābta | taṣṣābta | ḫaṣṣābta | saṣābatta | saṣābā |
| 1.pl | saṣābti | naṣṣābti | taṣṣābti | ḫaṣṣābti | saṣābatti | — |
| 2.pl | saṣāmman | naṣṣāmman | taṣṣāmman | ḫaṣṣāmman | saṣābamman | saṣābūna |
| 3.pl | saṣābtan | naṣṣābtan | taṣṣābtan | ḫaṣṣābtan | saṣābattan | saṣābāna |
| Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
| Infinitive | sursâs | |||||
| Participle | sursu- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | sarsīni | nasarsīni | tasarsīni | ḫasarsīni | sarsanni | — |
| 2.sg | sarsīma | nasarsīma | tasarsīma | ḫasarsīma | sarsamma | sarsû |
| 3.sg | sarsīsa | nasarsīsa | tasarsīsa | ḫasarsīsa | sarsatta | sarsâ |
| 1.pl | sarsīti | nasarsīti | tasarsīti | ḫasarsīti | sarsatti | — |
| 2.pl | sarsīman | nasarsīman | tasarsīman | ḫasarsīman | sarsamman | sarsûna |
| 3.pl | sarsīsan | nasarsīsan | tasarsīsan | ḫasarsīsan | sarsattan | sarsâna |
Other
| Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
| Infinitive | mupruḫas | |||||
| Participle | mupruḫ- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | mapraḫni | namapraḫni | tamapraḫni | ḫamapraḫni | mapraḫanni | — |
| 2.sg | mapraḫma | namapraḫma | tamapraḫma | ḫamapraḫma | mapraḫamma | mapraḫū |
| 3.sg | mapraḫta | namapraḫta | tamapraḫta | ḫamapraḫta | mapraḫatta | mapraḫā |
| 1.pl | mapraḫti | namapraḫti | tamapraḫti | ḫamapraḫti | mapraḫatti | — |
| 2.pl | mapraḫman | namapraḫman | tamapraḫman | ḫamapraḫman | mapraḫamman | mapraḫūna |
| 3.pl | mapraḫtan | namapraḫtan | tamapraḫtan | ḫamapraḫtan | mapraḫattan | mapraḫāna |
| Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
| Infinitive | mūnudas | |||||
| Participle | mūnud- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | mīnanni | namīnanni | tamīnanni | ḫamīnanni | mīnadanni | — |
| 2.sg | mīnadma | namīnadma | tamīnadma | ḫamīnadma | mīnadamma | mīnadū |
| 3.sg | mīnatta | namīnatta | tamīnatta | ḫamīnatta | mīnadatta | mīnadā |
| 1.pl | mīnatti | namīnatti | tamīnatti | ḫamīnatti | mīnadatti | — |
| 2.pl | mīnadman | namīnadman | tamīnadman | ḫamīnadman | mīnadamman | mīnadūna |
| 3.pl | mīnattan | namīnattan | tamīnattan | ḫamīnattan | mīnadattan | mīnadāna |
| Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
| Infinitive | muṣūbas | |||||
| Participle | muṣūb- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | maṣābni | namṣābni | tamṣābni | ḫamṣābni | maṣābanni | — |
| 2.sg | maṣāmma | namṣāmma | tamṣāmma | ḫamṣāmma | maṣābamma | maṣābū |
| 3.sg | maṣābta | namṣābta | tamṣābta | ḫamṣābta | maṣābatta | maṣābā |
| 1.pl | maṣābti | namṣābti | tamṣābti | ḫamṣābti | maṣābatti | — |
| 2.pl | maṣāmman | namṣāmman | tamṣāmman | ḫamṣāmman | maṣābamman | maṣābūna |
| 3.pl | maṣābtan | namṣābtan | tamṣābtan | ḫamṣābtan | maṣābattan | maṣābāna |
| Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
| Infinitive | mursâs | |||||
| Participle | mursu- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | marsīni | namarsīni | tamarsīni | ḫamarsīni | marsanni | — |
| 2.sg | marsīma | namarsīma | tamarsīma | ḫamarsīma | marsamma | marsû |
| 3.sg | marsīsa | namarsīsa | tamarsīsa | ḫamarsīsa | marsatta | marsâ |
| 1.pl | marsīti | namarsīti | tamarsīti | ḫamarsīti | marsatti | — |
| 2.pl | marsīman | namarsīman | tamarsīman | ḫamarsīman | marsamman | marsûna |
| 3.pl | marsīsan | namarsīsan | tamarsīsan | ḫamarsīsan | marsattan | marsâna |
Stem shapes based on stress
Verbs
| Weakness | Realis | Irrealis | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | PaRáḪ- | -PRáḪ- | PaRḪ-á- |
| Initial Weak | PaRáḪ- | -RáḪ- | PaRḪ-á- |
| Middle Weak | Pā́Ḫ- | -Pā́Ḫ- | PāḪ-á- |
| Final Weak | PaRā́- | -PRā́- | PāR-á- |
| Weakness | Realis | Irrealis | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | PaRRáḪ- | -PaRRáḪ- | PaRRaḪ-á- |
| Initial Weak | PaRRáḪ- | -RRáḪ- | PaRRaḪ-á- |
| Middle Weak | PấḪ- | -PấḪ- | PaḪḪ-á- |
| Final Weak | PaRRā́- | -PaRRā́- | PaRR-á- |
| Weakness | Realis | Irrealis | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | saPRáḪ- | -saPRáḪ- | saPRaḪ-á- |
| Initial Weak | sāRáḪ- | -sāRáḪ- | sāRaḪ-á- |
| Middle Weak | saPā́Ḫ- | -sPā́Ḫ- | saPāḪ-á- |
| Final Weak | saPRā́- | -saPRā́- | saPR-á- |
| Weakness | Realis | Irrealis | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | saPaRRáḪ- | -sPaRRáḪ- | saPaRRaḪ-á- |
| Initial Weak | saRRáḪ- | -saRRáḪ- | saRRaḪ-á- |
| Middle Weak | saPấḪ- | -sPấḪ- | saPaḪḪ-á- |
| Final Weak | saPaRRā́- | -sPaRRā́- | saPaRR-á- |
Deverbatives
| Weakness | Abs. | Cons. | Poss. (Sg.) | Poss. (Pl.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | PáRḪ-as | PáRaḪ | PaRáḪ- | PaRḪ-ā́- |
| Initial Weak | PáRḪ-as | PáRaḪ | PaRáḪ- | PaRḪ-ā́- |
| Middle Weak | Pā́Ḫ-as | Pā́Ḫ | Pā́Ḫ- | PāḪ-ā́- |
| Final Weak | Pā́R-as | Pā́R | Pā́R- | PāR-ā́- |
| Weakness | Abs. | Cons. | Poss. (Sg.) | Poss. (Pl.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | PaRā́Ḫ-as | PáRāḪ | PaRā́Ḫ- | PaRāḪ-ā́- |
| Initial Weak | PaRā́Ḫ-as | PáRāḪ | PaRā́Ḫ- | PaRāḪ-ā́- |
| Middle Weak | PấḪ-as | PấḪ | PấḪ- | PâḪ-ā́- |
| Final Weak | PaR-ấs | PáRā | PaR-ấ- | |
| Weakness | Abs. | Cons. | Poss. (Sg.) | Poss. (Pl.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | PáRRaḪ-as | PáRRaḪ | PaRRáḪ- | PaRRaḪ-ā́- |
| Initial Weak | PáRRaḪ-as | PáRRaḪ | PaRRáḪ- | PaRRaḪ-ā́- |
| Middle Weak | PáḪḪ-as | Pā́Ḫ | PáḪḪ-a | PaḪḪ-ā́- |
| Final Weak | PaRR-ấs | PáRRa | PaRR-ấ- | |
Voice
| Voice | Role/Marking | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Accusative | Instrumental | |
| Active (Intransitive) | Subject | N/A | N/A |
| Active (Monotransitive) | Subject | Object | N/A |
| Active (Ditransitive) | Subject | Primary Object | Secondary Object |
| Causative/Instrumental | Causer | Causee/Instrument | Object |
Morpheme Chain
| Clausal Proclitics | Relativizer | Tense/Mood | Stem | Imperative | Subject | Negation | Subject Plural (2nd and 3rd) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voice | Root | |||||||
| various | iC- | na-, ta-, ḫa- | s(i)-, m(i)- | R₁(a)R₂aR₃ R₁(a)R₂uR₃ R₁(a)R₂iR₃ |
-aC- / -ā- | various | -si | -n |
Ablaut Classes
| Realis | Irrealis | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Class 1 | Transitive | a | a |
| Intransitive | u | a | |
| i | a | ||
| Class 2 | Dynamic | a | u |
| u | u | ||
| Stative | i | i | |
| Class 3 | Dynamic | a | a |
| u | a | ||
| Stative | i | i | |
Ch'adic
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | sibilant | lateral | |||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ ⟨n̮⟩ | ||||||
| Stop | fortis | p | t | t͡s ⟨c⟩ | t͡ɬ ⟨ć⟩ | t͡ʃ ⟨č⟩ | k | ʡ | ʔ |
| emphatic | pʼ ⟨ṗ⟩ | tʼ ⟨ṭ⟩ | t͡sʼ ⟨c̣⟩ | t͡ɬʼ ⟨ć̣⟩ | t͡ʃʼ ⟨č̣⟩ | kʼ ⟨ḳ⟩ | |||
| lenis | b | d | d͡z ⟨ʒ⟩ | d͡ɮ ⟨ʒ́⟩ | d͡ʒ ⟨ǯ⟩ | g | |||
| Fricative | f | s | ɬ ⟨ś⟩ | ʃ ⟨š⟩ | x ⟨ḫ⟩ | ħ ⟨ḥ⟩ | h | ||
| Approximant | w | j ⟨y⟩ | |||||||
| Liquid | r | l | |||||||
| Status Absolutus | Status Constructus | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Feminine | -u | -un | -u | -ū |
| Masculine | -i | -in | -i | -ī |
| Neuter | -ar | -aran | -a | -ā |
| Inanimate | -aš | -ašan | ||
