User:Ahzoh

Creator of Vrkhazhian, Onschen and Hussite

𞤹𞤸𞤪

WIP Vrkhazhian Case System

Status Absolutus

	Animate						Inanimate
	Feminine		Masculine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-um	-ūwa	-im	-īya	-am	-āya	-as	-āya
Vocative	-u		-i		-a
Accusative	-us	-ūsa	-is	-īsa	-as	-āsa
Ergative	-un	-ūna	-in	-īna	-an	-āna	-an	-āna
Genitive	-uḫ	-ūwa	-iḫ	-īya	-aḫ	-āya	-aḫ	-āya
Equative	-ūli		-īli		-āli		-āli

Status Constructus

	Animate						Inanimate
	Feminine		Masculine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-∅	-ū	-∅	-ī	-∅	-ā	-∅	-ā
Oblique
Genitive	-u		-i		-a		-a
Equative	-ūli		-īli		-āli		-āli

WIP Verb System

Strong Verbs ḫaśras namras parḫas "???" "be evil" "speak, say" 1sg ḫaśurni namirni paraḫni 2sg ḫaśurma namirma paraḫma 3sg ḫaśurta namirta paraḫta 1pl ḫaśurti namirti paraḫti 2pl ḫaśurman namirman paraḫman 3pl ḫaśurtan namirtan paraḫtan

I-Weak Verbs yaźbas wasḫas ˀaldas ??? "???" "be loyal" "fight" "???" 1sg yaźubni wasiḫni ˀalanni ??? 2sg yaźumma wasiḫma ˀaladma ??? 3sg yaźubta wasiḫta ˀalatta ??? 1pl yaźubti wasiḫti ˀalatti ??? 2pl yaźumman wasiḫman ˀaladman ??? 3pl yaźubtan wasiḫtan ˀalattan ???

II-Weak Verbs dūlas tīlas ṣābas lēbas "dig, reveal" "destroy" "kill" "give" 1sg dūlni tīlni ṣābni lēbni 2sg dūlma tīlma ṣāmma lēmma 3sg dūlta tīlta ṣābta lēbta 1pl dūlti tīlti ṣābti lēbti 2pl dūlman tīlman ṣāmman lēmman 3pl dūltan tīltan ṣābtan lēbtan

III-Weak Verbs ??? rāsas mālas kēmas "???" "be good" "heal" "go up, rise" 1sg ??? rasīni malāni kemēni 2sg ??? rasīma malāma kemēma 3sg ??? rasīsa malāsa kemēsa 1pl ??? rasīti malāti kemēti 2pl ??? rasīman malāman kemēman 3pl ??? rasīsan malāsan kemēsan

Active Voice

Conjugation (strong, a-class) P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) Infinitive parḫas Participle parraḫam Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg paraḫni napraḫni tapraḫni ḫapraḫni parḫanni — 2.sg paraḫma napraḫma tapraḫma ḫapraḫma parḫamma parḫū 3.sg paraḫta napraḫta tapraḫta ḫapraḫta parḫatta parḫā 1.pl paraḫti napraḫti tapraḫti ḫapraḫti parḫatti — 2.pl paraḫman napraḫman tapraḫman ḫapraḫman parḫamman parḫūna 3.pl paraḫtan napraḫtan tapraḫtan ḫapraḫtan parḫattan parḫāna

Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) Y-N-D (catch) Infinitive yandas Participle yannadam Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg yananni nīnanni tīnanni ḫīnanni yandanni — 2.sg yanadma nīnadma tīnadma ḫīnadma yandamma yandū 3.sg yanatta nīnatta tīnatta ḫīnatta yandatta yandā 1.pl yanatti nīnatti tīnatti ḫīnatti yandatti — 2.pl yanadman nīnadman tīnadman ḫīnadman yandamman yandūna 3.pl yanattan nīnattan tīnattan ḫīnattan yandattan yandāna

Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) Infinitive ṣābas Participle ṣabbam Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg ṣābni naṣābni taṣābni ḫaṣābni ṣābanni — 2.sg ṣāmma naṣāmma taṣāmma ḫaṣāmma ṣābamma ṣābū 3.sg ṣābta naṣābta taṣābta ḫaṣābta ṣābatta ṣābā 1.pl ṣābti naṣābti taṣābti ḫaṣābti ṣābatti — 2.pl ṣāmman naṣāmman taṣāmman ḫaṣāmman ṣābamman ṣābūna 3.pl ṣābtan naṣābtan taṣābtan ḫaṣābtan ṣābattan ṣābāna

Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) R-S-Y (be good, be moral) Infinitive rāsas Participle rassâm Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg rasīni narsīni tarsīni ḫarsīni rāsanni — 2.sg rasīma narsīma tarsīma ḫarsīma rāsamma rāsū 3.sg rasīsa narsīsa tarsīsa ḫarsīsa rāsatta rāsā 1.pl rasīti narsīti tarsīti ḫarsīti rāsatti — 2.pl rasīman narsīman tarsīman ḫarsīman rāsamman rāsūna 3.pl rasīsan narsīsan tarsīsan ḫarsīsan rāsattan rāsāna

Causative Voice

Conjugation (strong, a-class) P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) Infinitive purruḫas Participle purruḫam Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg parraḫni naparraḫni taparraḫni ḫaparraḫni parraḫanni — 2.sg parraḫma naparraḫma taparraḫma ḫaparraḫma parraḫamma parraḫū 3.sg parraḫta naparraḫta taparraḫta ḫaparraḫta parraḫatta parraḫā 1.pl parraḫti naparraḫti taparraḫti ḫaparraḫti parraḫatti — 2.pl parraḫman naparraḫman taparraḫman ḫaparraḫman parraḫamman parraḫūna 3.pl parraḫtan naparraḫtan taparraḫtan ḫaparraḫtan parraḫattan parraḫāna

Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) Y-N-D (catch) Infinitive yunnudas Participle yunnudam Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg yannanni ninnanni tinnanni ḫinnanni yannadanni — 2.sg yannadma ninnadma tinnadma ḫinnadma yannadamma yannadū 3.sg yannatta ninnatta tinnatta ḫinnatta yannadatta yannadā 1.pl yannatti ninnatti tinnatti ḫinnatti yannadatti — 2.pl yannadman ninnadman tinnadman ḫinnadman yannadamman yannadūna 3.pl yanattan ninnattan tinnattan ḫinnattan yannadattan yannadāna

Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) Infinitive ṣubbas Participle ṣubbam Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg ṣâbni naṣâbni taṣâbni ḫaṣâbni ṣabbanni — 2.sg ṣâmma naṣâmma taṣâmma ḫaṣâmma ṣabbamma ṣabbū 3.sg ṣâbta naṣâbta taṣâbta ḫaṣâbta ṣabbatta ṣabbā 1.pl ṣâbti naṣâbti taṣâbti ḫaṣâbti ṣabbatti — 2.pl ṣâmman naṣâmman taṣâmman ḫaṣâmman ṣabbamman ṣabbūna 3.pl ṣâbtan naṣâbtan taṣâbtan ḫaṣâbtan ṣabbattan ṣabbāna

Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) R-S-Y (be good, be moral) Infinitive russâs Participle russâm Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg rassīni narassīni tarassīni ḫarassīni rassanni — 2.sg rassīma narassīma tarassīma ḫarassīma rassamma rassû 3.sg rassīsa narassīsa tarassīsa ḫarassīsa rassatta rassâ 1.pl rassīti narassīti tarassīti ḫarassīti rassatti — 2.pl rassīman narassīman tarassīman ḫarassīman rassamman rassûna 3.pl rassīsan narassīsan tarassīsan ḫarassīsan rassattan rassâna

Applicative Voice

Conjugation (strong, a-class) P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) Infinitive supruḫas Participle supruḫam Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg sapraḫni nasapraḫni tasapraḫni ḫasapraḫni sapraḫanni — 2.sg sapraḫma nasapraḫma tasapraḫma ḫasapraḫma sapraḫamma sapraḫū 3.sg sapraḫta nasapraḫta tasapraḫta ḫasapraḫta sapraḫatta sapraḫā 1.pl sapraḫti nasapraḫti tasapraḫti ḫasapraḫti sapraḫatti — 2.pl sapraḫman nasapraḫman tasapraḫman ḫasapraḫman sapraḫamman sapraḫūna 3.pl sapraḫtan nasapraḫtan tasapraḫtan ḫasapraḫtan sapraḫattan sapraḫāna

Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) Y-N-D (catch) Infinitive sūnudas Participle sūnudam Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg sīnanni nasīnanni tasīnanni ḫasīnanni sīnadanni — 2.sg sīnadma nasīnadma tasīnadma ḫasīnadma sīnadamma sīnadū 3.sg sīnatta nasīnatta tasīnatta ḫasīnatta sīnadatta sīnadā 1.pl sīnatti nasīnatti tasīnatti ḫasīnatti sīnadatti — 2.pl sīnadman nasīnadman tasīnadman ḫasīnadman sīnadamman sīnadūna 3.pl sīnattan nasīnattan tasīnattan ḫasīnattan sīnadattan sīnadāna

Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) Infinitive suṣūbas Participle suṣūbam Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg saṣābni naṣṣābni taṣṣābni ḫaṣṣābni saṣābanni — 2.sg saṣāmma naṣṣāmma taṣṣāmma ḫaṣṣāmma saṣābamma saṣābū 3.sg saṣābta naṣṣābta taṣṣābta ḫaṣṣābta saṣābatta saṣābā 1.pl saṣābti naṣṣābti taṣṣābti ḫaṣṣābti saṣābatti — 2.pl saṣāmman naṣṣāmman taṣṣāmman ḫaṣṣāmman saṣābamman saṣābūna 3.pl saṣābtan naṣṣābtan taṣṣābtan ḫaṣṣābtan saṣābattan saṣābāna

Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) R-S-Y (be good, be moral) Infinitive sursâs Participle sursâm Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg sarsīni nasarsīni tasarsīni ḫasarsīni sarsanni — 2.sg sarsīma nasarsīma tasarsīma ḫasarsīma sarsamma sarsû 3.sg sarsīsa nasarsīsa tasarsīsa ḫasarsīsa sarsatta sarsâ 1.pl sarsīti nasarsīti tasarsīti ḫasarsīti sarsatti — 2.pl sarsīman nasarsīman tasarsīman ḫasarsīman sarsamman sarsûna 3.pl sarsīsan nasarsīsan tasarsīsan ḫasarsīsan sarsattan sarsâna

K Applicative

Conjugation (strong, a-class) P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) Infinitive kupruḫas Participle kupruḫam Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg kapraḫni nakapraḫni takapraḫni ḫakapraḫni kapraḫanni — 2.sg kapraḫma nakapraḫma takapraḫma ḫakapraḫma kapraḫamma kapraḫū 3.sg kapraḫta nakapraḫta takapraḫta ḫakapraḫta kapraḫatta kapraḫā 1.pl kapraḫti nakapraḫti takapraḫti ḫakapraḫti kapraḫatti — 2.pl kapraḫman nakapraḫman takapraḫman ḫakapraḫman kapraḫamman kapraḫūna 3.pl kapraḫtan nakapraḫtan takapraḫtan ḫakapraḫtan kapraḫattan kapraḫāna

Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) Y-N-D (catch) Infinitive kūnudas Participle kūnudam Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg kīnanni nakīnanni takīnanni ḫakīnanni kīnadanni — 2.sg kīnadma nakīnadma takīnadma ḫakīnadma kīnadamma kīnadū 3.sg kīnatta nakīnatta takīnatta ḫakīnatta kīnadatta kīnadā 1.pl kīnatti nakīnatti takīnatti ḫakīnatti kīnadatti — 2.pl kīnadman nakīnadman takīnadman ḫakīnadman kīnadamman kīnadūna 3.pl kīnattan nakīnattan takīnattan ḫakīnattan kīnadattan kīnadāna

Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) Infinitive kuṣūbas Participle kuṣūbam Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg kaṣābni nakṣābni takṣābni ḫakṣābni kaṣābanni — 2.sg kaṣāmma nakṣāmma takṣāmma ḫakṣāmma kaṣābamma kaṣābū 3.sg kaṣābta nakṣābta takṣābta ḫakṣābta kaṣābatta kaṣābā 1.pl kaṣābti nakṣābti takṣābti ḫakṣābti kaṣābatti — 2.pl kaṣāmman nakṣāmman takṣāmman ḫakṣāmman kaṣābamman kaṣābūna 3.pl kaṣābtan nakṣābtan takṣābtan ḫakṣābtan kaṣābattan kaṣābāna

Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) R-S-Y (be good, be moral) Infinitive kursâs Participle kursâm Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg karsīni nakarsīni takarsīni ḫakarsīni karsanni — 2.sg karsīma nakarsīma takarsīma ḫakarsīma karsamma karsû 3.sg karsīsa nakarsīsa takarsīsa ḫakarsīsa karsatta karsâ 1.pl karsīti nakarsīti takarsīti ḫakarsīti karsatti — 2.pl karsīman nakarsīman takarsīman ḫakarsīman karsamman karsûna 3.pl karsīsan nakarsīsan takarsīsan ḫakarsīsan karsattan karsâna

Conjugation (strong, a-class) P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) Infinitive ??? Participle ??? Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg saparraḫni nasparraḫni tasparraḫni ḫasparraḫni saparraḫanni — 2.sg saparraḫma nasparraḫma tasparraḫma ḫasparraḫma saparraḫamma saparraḫū 3.sg saparraḫta nasparraḫta tasparraḫta ḫasparraḫta saparraḫatta saparraḫā 1.pl saparraḫti nasparraḫti tasparraḫti ḫasparraḫti saparraḫatti — 2.pl saparraḫman nasparraḫman tasparraḫman ḫasparraḫman saparraḫamman saparraḫūna 3.pl saparraḫtan nasparraḫtan tasparraḫtan ḫasparraḫtan saparraḫattan saparraḫāna

Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) Y-N-D (catch) Infinitive ??? Participle ??? Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg sinnanni nasinnanni tasinnanni ḫasinnanni sinnadanni — 2.sg sinnadma nasinnadma tasinnadma ḫasinnadma sinnadamma sinnadū 3.sg sinnatta nasinnatta tasinnatta ḫasinnatta sinnadatta sinnadā 1.pl sinnatti nasinnatti tasinnatti ḫasinnatti sinnadatti — 2.pl sinnadman nasinnadman tasinnadman ḫasinnadman sinnadamman sinnadūna 3.pl sinnattan nasinnattan tasinnattan ḫasinnattan sinnadattan sinnadāna

Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) Infinitive ??? Participle ??? Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg saṣâbni naṣṣâbni taṣṣâbni ḫaṣṣâbni saṣabbanni — 2.sg saṣâmma naṣṣâmma taṣṣâmma ḫaṣṣâmma saṣabbamma saṣabbū 3.sg saṣâbta naṣṣâbta taṣṣâbta ḫaṣṣâbta saṣabbatta saṣabbā 1.pl saṣâbti naṣṣâbti taṣṣâbti ḫaṣṣâbti saṣabbatti — 2.pl saṣâmman naṣṣâmman taṣṣâmman ḫaṣṣâmman saṣabbamman saṣabbūna 3.pl saṣâbtan naṣṣâbtan taṣṣâbtan ḫaṣṣâbtan saṣabbattan saṣabbāna

Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) R-S-Y (be good, be moral) Infinitive ??? Participle ??? Active Actual Potential Commissive Counterfactual Long Jussive Short Jussive 1.sg sarassīni nasrassīni tasrassīni ḫasrassīni sarassanni — 2.sg sarassīma nasrassīma tasrassīma ḫasrassīma sarassamma sarassû 3.sg sarassīsa nasrassīsa tasrassīsa ḫasrassīsa sarassatta sarassâ 1.pl sarassīti nasrassīti tasrassīti ḫasrassīti sarassatti — 2.pl sarassīman nasrassīman tasrassīman ḫasrassīman sarassamman sarassûna 3.pl sarassīsan nasrassīsan tasrassīsan ḫasrassīsan sarassattan sarassâna

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Stem shapes based on stress

Verbs

Base

Weakness	Realis	Irrealis	Imperative
Strong	PaRáḪ-	-PRáḪ-	PaRḪ-á-
Initial Weak	PaRáḪ-	-RáḪ-	PaRḪ-á-
Middle Weak	Pā́Ḫ-	-Pā́Ḫ-	PāḪ-á-
Final Weak	PaRā́-	-PRā́-	PāR-á-

Gemination

Weakness	Realis	Irrealis	Imperative
Strong	PaRRáḪ-	-PaRRáḪ-	PaRRaḪ-á-
Initial Weak	PaRRáḪ-	-RRáḪ-	PaRRaḪ-á-
Middle Weak	PấḪ-	-PấḪ-	PaḪḪ-á-
Final Weak	PaRRā́-	-PaRRā́-	PaRR-á-

Prefix

Weakness	Realis	Irrealis	Imperative
Strong	saPRáḪ-	-saPRáḪ-	saPRaḪ-á-
Initial Weak	sāRáḪ-	-sāRáḪ-	sāRaḪ-á-
Middle Weak	saPā́Ḫ-	-sPā́Ḫ-	saPāḪ-á-
Final Weak	saPRā́-	-saPRā́-	saPR-á-

Prefix Gemination

Weakness	Realis	Irrealis	Imperative
Strong	saPaRRáḪ-	-sPaRRáḪ-	saPaRRaḪ-á-
Initial Weak	saRRáḪ-	-saRRáḪ-	saRRaḪ-á-
Middle Weak	saPấḪ-	-sPấḪ-	saPaḪḪ-á-
Final Weak	saPaRRā́-	-sPaRRā́-	saPaRR-á-

Deverbatives

Base

Weakness	Abs.	Cons.	Poss. (Sg.)	Poss. (Pl.)
Strong	PáRḪ-as	PáRaḪ	PaRáḪ-	PaRḪ-ā́-
Initial Weak	PáRḪ-as	PáRaḪ	PaRáḪ-	PaRḪ-ā́-
Middle Weak	Pā́Ḫ-as	Pā́Ḫ	Pā́Ḫ-	PāḪ-ā́-
Final Weak	Pā́R-as	Pā́R	Pā́R-	PāR-ā́-

Lengthened

Weakness	Abs.	Cons.	Poss. (Sg.)	Poss. (Pl.)
Strong	PaRā́Ḫ-as	PáRāḪ	PaRā́Ḫ-	PaRāḪ-ā́-
Initial Weak	PaRā́Ḫ-as	PáRāḪ	PaRā́Ḫ-	PaRāḪ-ā́-
Middle Weak	PấḪ-as	PấḪ	PấḪ-	PâḪ-ā́-
Final Weak	PaR-ấs	PáRā	PaR-ấ-

Gemination

Weakness	Abs.	Cons.	Poss. (Sg.)	Poss. (Pl.)
Strong	PáRRaḪ-as	PáRRaḪ	PaRRáḪ-	PaRRaḪ-ā́-
Initial Weak	PáRRaḪ-as	PáRRaḪ	PaRRáḪ-	PaRRaḪ-ā́-
Middle Weak	PáḪḪ-as	Pā́Ḫ	PáḪḪ-a	PaḪḪ-ā́-
Final Weak	PaRR-ấs	PáRRa	PaRR-ấ-

Voice

Case-Role Marking in Secundative Alignment (D=S, R=P, T=separate)

Voice	Role/Marking
	Nominative	Accusative	Instrumental
Active (Intransitive)	Subject	N/A	N/A
Active (Monotransitive)	Subject	Object	N/A
Active (Ditransitive)	Subject	Primary Object	Secondary Object
Causative/Instrumental	Causer	Causee/Instrument	Object

Morpheme Chain

Clausal Proclitics	Relativizer	Tense/Mood	Stem		Imperative	Subject	Negation	Subject Plural (2nd and 3rd)
			Voice	Root
various	iC-	na-, ta-, ḫa-	s(i)-, m(i)-	R₁(a)R₂aR₃ R₁(a)R₂uR₃ R₁(a)R₂iR₃	-aC- / -ā-	various	-si	-n

Ch'adic

Proto-Č̣aḥdaš consonants

		Labial	Alveolar			Palatal	Velar	Pharyngeal	Glottal
			central	sibilant	lateral
Nasal		m	n				ŋ ⟨n̮⟩
Stop	fortis	p	t	t͡s ⟨c⟩	t͡ɬ ⟨ć⟩	t͡ʃ ⟨č⟩	k	ʡ	ʔ
	emphatic	pʼ ⟨ṗ⟩	tʼ ⟨ṭ⟩	t͡sʼ ⟨c̣⟩	t͡ɬʼ ⟨ć̣⟩	t͡ʃʼ ⟨č̣⟩	kʼ ⟨ḳ⟩
	lenis	b	d	d͡z ⟨ʒ⟩	d͡ɮ ⟨ʒ́⟩	d͡ʒ ⟨ǯ⟩	g
Fricative		f		s	ɬ ⟨ś⟩	ʃ ⟨š⟩	x ⟨ḫ⟩	ħ ⟨ḥ⟩	h
Approximant		w				j ⟨y⟩
Liquid			r		l

Proto-Č̣aḥdaš nouns

	Status Absolutus		Status Constructus
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Feminine	-u	-un	-u	-ū
Masculine	-i	-in	-i	-ī
Neuter	-ar	-aran	-a	-ā
Inanimate	-aš	-ašan