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|- | |- | ||
! Voiceless Stops | ! Voiceless Stops | ||
| | | ''па'' /pá/ | ||
| | | ''ба'' /pà/ | ||
| | | ''та'' /t̪á/ | ||
| | | ''да'' /t̪à/ | ||
| | | ''ка'' /ká/ | ||
| | | ''га'' /kà/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Aspirated Stops | ! Aspirated Stops | ||
| | | ''пха'' /pʰá/ | ||
| | | ''бха'' /pʰà/ | ||
| | | ''тха'' /t̪ʰá/ | ||
| | | ''дха'' /t̪ʰà/ | ||
| | | ''кха'' /kʰá/ | ||
| | | ''гха'' /kʰà/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Voiced Stops | ! Voiced Stops | ||
| | | ''мпа'' /bá/ | ||
| | | ''мба'' /bà/ | ||
| | | ''нта'' /d̪á/ | ||
| | | ''нда'' /d̪à/ | ||
| | | ''ӈка'' /gá/ | ||
| | | ''ӈга'' /gà/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Fricatives | ! Fricatives | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | ''са'' /sá/ | ||
| | | ''за'' /sà/ | ||
| | | ''ха'' /xá/ | ||
| | | ''ға'' /xà/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nasals | ! Nasals | ||
| | | ''мха'' /má/ | ||
| | | ''ма'' /mà/ | ||
| | | ''нха'' /n̪á/ | ||
| | | ''на'' /n̪à/ | ||
| | | ''ӈха'' /ŋá/ | ||
| | | ''ӈа'' /ŋà/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Liquid | ! Liquid | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | ''лха'' /lá/ | ||
| | | ''ла'' /là/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Revision as of 12:06, 15 February 2024
Ossmalic
| Ossmalic Оссэма́л | |
|---|---|
| Pronounced: | [òs.ˈsmál] |
| Spoken: | Ossmal |
| Writing system: | Sealbone Script |
| Genealogy: | Language isolate |
| Typology | |
| Morphological type: | ??? |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | ergative-absolutive |
| Basic word order: | VSO |
| Credits | |
| Creator: | Malcolm G. Holborne |
28 consonants:
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hard | soft | hard | soft | ||||
| Nasal | м /m/ | н /n̪/ | нь /n̪ʲ/ | ӈ /ŋ/ | ӈь /ŋʲ/ | ||
| Stop | voiceless | п /p/ | т /t̪/ | ть /t̪ʲ/ | к /k/ | кь /kʲ/ | |
| aspirated | пх /pʰ/ | тх /t̪ʰ/ | тхь /t̪ʲʰ/ | кх /kʰ/ | кхь /kʲʰ/ | ||
| voiced | мп /b/ | нт /d̪/ | нть /d̪ʲ/ | ӈк /g/ | ӈкь /gʲ/ | ||
| Fricative | в /ʋ/ | с /s/ | сь /sʲ/ | і /j/ | х /x/ | хь /xʲ/ | |
| Approximant | л /l/ | ль /lʲ/ | |||||
| Type | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | и /i/ | э /ə~ɨ/ | у /u/ |
| Mid | е /e/ | о /o/ | |
| Open | а /a/ | ||
Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:
| High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiceless Stops | па /pá/ | ба /pà/ | та /t̪á/ | да /t̪à/ | ка /ká/ | га /kà/ |
| Aspirated Stops | пха /pʰá/ | бха /pʰà/ | тха /t̪ʰá/ | дха /t̪ʰà/ | кха /kʰá/ | гха /kʰà/ |
| Voiced Stops | мпа /bá/ | мба /bà/ | нта /d̪á/ | нда /d̪à/ | ӈка /gá/ | ӈга /gà/ |
| Fricatives | са /sá/ | за /sà/ | ха /xá/ | ға /xà/ | ||
| Nasals | мха /má/ | ма /mà/ | нха /n̪á/ | на /n̪à/ | ӈха /ŋá/ | ӈа /ŋà/ |
| Liquid | лха /lá/ | ла /là/ |
| Type | Front | Back |
|---|---|---|
| Mid Falling | іе /i̯e/ | во /u̯o/ |
| Open Falling | іа /i̯a/ | ва /u̯a/ |
Animate:
- ма́дсьаі "human" [sg], ??? "people" [pl]
- сьо́лаі "river" [sg], ??? "rivers" [pl]
- хва́лаі "horse" [sg], ??? "horses" [pl]
- кхьва́наі "god" [sg], ??? "gods" [pl]
Inanimate:
- сэма́л "mountain" [sg], сэма́ль "mountains" [pl]
- сьол "lake" [sg], сьоль "lakes" [pl]
- дуд "house" [sg], дудь "houses" [pl]
- мэӈ "language" [sg], мэӈь "languages" [pl]
Adjective prefixes
Colours
- маг- "black, dark"
- ос- "white, light"
- тьил- "immoral, wicked, evil"
