Senjecas - Native American Sayings

Pronunciation table

पेमु॓को peműko (labial)								रीसु॓कॊ riisűko (dental)								मुइतु॓को muitűko (alveolar)								भइनु॓को vainűko (palatal)							च्युस्वे॓नोस् ṡ̨uuše̋nos (vowels with प)								नि॓थो च्युस्वे॓नोस् nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos (weak vowels)
p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ɔ	o	u			ĭ	ĕ	ŭ
प	ब	फ	भ	म़	म			त	द	थ	ध	ल़	ल			च	ज	स	स़	र	न			क	ग	क़	ग़	ह	य			स्व	स्य			इ ई पि पी	ए एै ए पै	अ आ प पा	ऒ ॵ पॊ पॏ	ओ औ पो पौ	उ ऊ पु पू			पं	पऺ	पॅ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = 1st person singular/plural	ABL = ablative suffix	COL = collective	F = feminine	INT = intensive prefix	PRV = privative prefix	SUP = supine
2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural	ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)	DES = desiderative	FRQ = frequentative	LAT = lative suffix	PST = past	TRZ = transitivizer
3 = 3rd person	ADV = adverb	DIM = diminutive	FUT = future	LOC = locative suffix	REV = reversive	VOC = vocative particle
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)	AG = agent	ELIS = elision	IMP = imperative	M = masculine	Q = interrogative particle	YNG = young
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)	AP = agent (active) participle	ELT = elative	INC = inchoative	OCC = occupation suffix	QUOT = direct quotation
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)	AUG = augmentative	EP = epenthesis	IND = indicative	PP = patient (past) participle	RPR = recent perfective
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)	CAUS = causative	EQU = equative degree	INS = instrument	PRF = perfect	SBJ = subjunctive

Text

• English Text
• Devanagari Text
• Senjecan Translation

Gloss

• If all the beasts were gone, men would die from a loneliness of spirit, for whatever happens to the beasts also happens to man.
• ए॔बि ओ॓रे थ॓सेस् ए-ए॓स ने॓म़िते॔रु। तोअ॔रि म़ी॓रुस् ऊन॓स् भेइर्त॔स् ह नेसेय। हि नो—त॔ओ थ॔सेन् ए॓ब—ए॔तु भ़ई॓रुन् ए॓ब॥
• ébi őre þa̋ses e-e̋sa ném̃itéru. toári m̃ı̋ı̋rus uuna̋s veirta̋s ha nese̋ȝa. hi no—táo þa̋sen e̋ba—étu m̃ı̋ı̋run e̋ba:

ébi	őre-Ø	þa̋s-es	e=e̋s-a	né.m̃itéru	toári	m̃ı̋ı̋r-us	uun-a̋s	veirt-a̋s	ha	nes-e̋ȝa
if	all-ABS	beast-N.p	PST=be-IND	not.further	then	man-N.p	spirit-G.s	loneliness-G.s	from	die-SBJ

hi	n-o	tá-o	þa̋s-en	e̋b-a	étu	m̃ı̋ı̋r-un	e̋b-a
for	that-N.s	which-N.s	beast-A.p	happen.to-IND	also	man-A.p	happen.to-IND

• All things are connected. Whatever befalls the Earth befalls the sons of the Earth. - Chief Seattle
• ओ॔रोस् क़ॆ॓धथोस् ए॔स॥ नो—त॔ओ भ्वै॓तोम् ए॓ब—भ्वै॓तोस् पो॓इकुन् एब॥
• őros ƣe̋ðaþos e̋sa: no—táo v̌e̋e̋tom e̋ba—v̌eetős pőikun e̋ba:

őr-os	ƣe̋ð-a-þ-os	e̋s-a	n-o	tá-o	v̌e̋e̋t-om	e̋b-a	v̌eet-ős	pőik-un	e̋b-a
all-N.p	connect-IND-PP-N.p	be-IND	that-N.s	which-N.s	earth-A.s	befall-IND	earth-G.s	son-A.p	befall-IND

• May the stars carry your sadness away. May the flowers fill your heart with beauty.
• चु॓केस् तु-से॓उग़्तम् अ॔पु नेक़ेय॥ न॓निस् गोभ्त॓स् क़े॔म तु-सु॓धोम् पैले॓य॥
• ṡűkes tu-se̋uƣtam ápu nexe̋ȝa: na̋nis govta̋s xéma tu-sűðom peele̋ȝa:

ṡűk-es	tu=se̋uƣt-am	ápu	nex-e̋ȝa	na̋n-is	govt-a̋s	xéma	tu=sűð-om	peel-e̋ȝa
star-N.p	your=sadness-A.s	away	carry-SBJ	flower-N.s	beauty-G.s	with	your=heart.A.s	fill-SBJ

• May hope forever wipe away your tears, and, above all, may silence make you strong - Chief Dan George
• इ॓स्र भिस॓नु तु-कि॓नोन् अ॔पु तुदे॓य। द ओरो॓स् न्यौ॔प। सआ॓म्त तुम् म़॔लिद्ये॓य॥
• ı̋sra visánu tu-kı̋non ápu tude̋ȝa. da orős n̨óópa. sa̋a̋mta tum m̃álid̨e̋ȝa:

ı̋sr-a	visánu	tu=kı̋n-on	ápu	tud-e̋ȝa	da	or-ős	n̨óópa	sa̋a̋mt-a	t-um	m̃ál-id̨-e̋ȝa
hope-N.s	forever	your=tear-A.p	away	wipe-SBJ	and	all-G.s	before	silence-N.s	2s-A	strong-TRZ-SBJ

• The time will soon be here when my grandchild will long for the cry of the loon, the flash of a salmon, the whisper of spruce needles, or the screech of an eagle.
• कै॓स—ते॔नु मु-ने॓पु अक़े॓स् जऔ॓रोम्। लचे॓स् पआ॓उगोम्। एले॔न्तऺच्युयो॓म् सि॓मोम्। म़ो मुइरे॓स् कआ॓म़ोम् उ-य॓त—मु॔दु इ॔धऽ उ-ए॓स।
• ke̋e̋sa—ténu mu-ne̋pu axe̋s ża̋a̋rom. laṡe̋s pa̋a̋ugom. eléntĕṡ̨uuȝőm sı̋mom. m̃o muire̋s ka̋a̋m̃om u-ȝa̋ta—múdu íð' u-e̋sa.

ke̋e̋s-a	ténu	mu=ne̋p-u	ax-e̋s	ża̋a̋r-om	laṡ-e̋s	pa̋a̋ug-om	elént-ĕ-ṡ̨uuȝ-őm	sı̋m-om
time-N.s	when	my=grandchild-N.s	loon-G.s	cry-A.s	salmon-G.s	flash-A.s	spruce-EPEN-needle-G.p	whisper-A.s

m̃o	muir-e̋s	ka̋a̋m̃-om	u=ȝa̋t-a	múdu	íð-'	u=e̋s-a
or	eagle-G.s	screech-A.s	FUT=long.for-IND	soon	here-ELIS	FUT=be-IND

• But he will not make friend with any of these creatures and when his heart aches with longing he will curse me. - Chief Dan George
• ए॔स्त्ऽ इ-भआनथे॓म् क्वे॔न॔न् उ-भिलि॓द्य ने। द—ते॔नु एयु-सु॓धो यथ्र॓स् ह देुब—मुम् उ-ये॓र॥
• ést' i-vaanaþe̋m k̬énen u-vilı̋d̨a ne. da—ténu eȝu-sűðo ȝaþra̋s ha de̋ba—mum u-ȝe̋ra:

ést-'	i=vaan-a-þ-e̋m	k̬én-en	u=vil-ı̋d̨-a	ne
but-ELIS	these=create-IND-PP-G.p	any-A.p	FUT=friend-TRZ-IND	not

da	ténu	eȝu=sűð-o	ȝaþr-a̋s	ha	de̋b-a	m-um	u=ȝe̋r-a
and	when	his=heart-N.s	longing-G.s	with	ache-IND	1s-IND	FUT=curse-IND

• All men were made by the Great Spirit Chief. They are all brothers.
• ओ॓रु म़ी॓रुस् मेजूनु॓स् नैइलु॓स् क़े॔म भआ॓नथुस् ए-इ॓ल॥ ओ॓रुस् ज॓मुस् ए॓स॥
• őru m̃ı̋ı̋rus meżuunűs neeilűs xéma va̋a̋naþus e-ı̋la: őrus ża̋mus e̋sa:

őru-Ø	m̃ı̋ı̋r-us	meż.uun-űs	neei-l-űs	xéma	va̋a̋n-a-þ-us	e=ı̋l-a	őr-us	ża̋m-us	e̋s-a
all-ABS	man-N.p	great.spirit-G.s	lead.a.community-AG-G.s	by	create-IND-PP-N.p	PST=become-IND	all-N.p	brother-N.p	be-IND

• The earth is the Mother of all people and all people should have equal rights upon it. - Chief Joseph
• भ्वै॓तो ओ॓रु लेउधु॓स् मआ॓मए॓स। द प॓रो यो॓म़ोस् ओ॓रु ए॔योम् ए॔भ लेउधु॓स् ओ ए॓सु के॓ल॥
• v̌e̋e̋to őru leuðűs ma̋a̋ma e̋sa. da pa̋ro ȝőm̃os őru éȝom éva leuðűs o e̋su ke̋la:

v̌e̋e̋t-o	őru-Ø	leuð-űs	ma̋a̋m-a	e̋s-a	da	pa̋ro-Ø	ȝőm̃-os	őru-Ø	éȝ-om	éva	leuð-űs	o	e̋s-u	ke̋l-a
earth-N.s	all-ABS	people-G.s	mother-N.s	be-IND	and	equal-ABS	right-N.p	all-ABS	3s-A	on	people-G.s	to	be-SUP	should-IND

• The earth does not belong to man, man belongs to the earth.
• भ्वै॓तो त॔ल्योनि॓युम् नि॓त ने। त॔ल्योनि॓यु भ्वै॓तोम् नि॓त॥
• v̌e̋e̋to tál̨onı̋ȝum nı̋ta ne. tál̨onı̋ȝu v̌e̋e̋tom nı̋ta:

v̌e̋e̋t-o	tál̨on-ı̋ȝ-um	nı̋t-a	ne	tál̨on-ı̋ȝ-u	v̌e̋e̋t-om	nı̋t-a
earth-N.s	made.of.earth-COL-A.s	belong.to-IND	not	made.of.earth-COL-N.s	earth-N.s	belong.to-IND

• All things are connected like the blood that unites us all.
• ओ॓रोस् सैगो॓स्—त॔ओ ओ॔रु म़ुन् बि॓ल—सो॔म ग़े॓धथोस् ए॓स॥
• őros seegős—táo őru m̃un bı̋la—sóma ƣe̋ðaþos e̋sa:

őr-os	seeg-ős	tá-o	őru-Ø	m̃-un	bı̋l-a	sóma	ƣe̋ð-a-þ-os	e̋s-a
all-N.p	blood-G.s	which-N.s	all-ABS	1p-A	unite-IND	like	connect-IND-PP-N.p	be-IND

• Man did not weave the web of life, he is merely a strand in it.
• त॔ल्योनि॓यु ग्वीर॔स् औ॓र्नोस् ए-औ॓र ने। एयो॔स् ए॔न कौ॓ओ अ॔तु ए॓स॥
• tál̨onı̋ȝu ǧiira̋s őőrnom e-őőra ne. eȝós éna kőőo átu e̋sa:

tál̨on-ı̋ȝ-u	ǧiir-a̋s	őőrn-om	e=őőr-a	ne	eȝ-ós	éna	kőő-o	átu	e̋s-a
made.of.earth-COL-N.s	life-G.s	web-A.s	PST=weave-IND	not	3s-G	in	strand-N.s	merely	be-IND

• Whatever he does to the web, he does to himself. - Chief Seattle
• और्नो॓स् ओ क्वे॔नोस् कि॓अ। मिउ॓स् ओ कि॓अ॥
• oornős o k̬énom kı̋a. miűs o kı̋a⁝

oorn-ős	o	k̬én-om	kı̋-a	mi-űs	o	kı̋-a
web-G.s	to	whatever-A.s	do-IND	self-G.s	to	do-IND

• All life is sacred. We come into life as sacred beings.
• ओ॓र ग्वी॓र नो॓इभ ए॓स॥ म़ुस् ग्वी॓रम् ए॔न नो॓इभु एसन्त॓स् ए॔प ग्वे॓म॥
• őra ǧı̋ı̋ra nőiva e̋sa: m̃us ǧı̋ı̋ram éna nőivu esantűm épa ǧe̋ma:

őra-Ø	ǧı̋ı̋r-a	nőiv-a	e̋s-a	m̃-us	ǧı̋ı̋r-am	éna	nőivu-Ø	es-a-nt-űm	épa	ǧe̋m-a	p	all-ABS	life-N.s	sacred-N.s	be-IND	1p-N	life-A.s	into	sacred-ABS	be-IND-AP-G.p	into	come-IND

• When we abuse the sacredness of life, we affect all creation. - Chief Arvol Looking Horse
• मे॔ति ग्वीर॓स् नो॓इभ्तम् स्य॓त। ओ॓र भआ॓नोम् अ॓च॥
• méti ǧiira̋s nőivtam s̨a̋ta. őra va̋a̋nom a̋ṡa:

méti	ǧiir-a̋s	nőivt-am	s̨a̋t-a	őra-Ø	va̋a̋n-om	a̋ṡ-a
when	life-G.s	sacredness-A.s	abuse-IND	all-ABS	creation-A.s	affect-IND

• When you arise in the morning, give thanks for the food and for the joy of living.
• मे॔ति तु अय॓स् एदो॓स्क्वे ग्वीबस्क्वे च्यो॔ग कुये॓य॥
• méti tu aȝa̋s kőþa. edősk̬e ǧiibaȝa̋sk̬e ṡ̨óga kuȝe̋ȝa:

méti	t-u	aȝ-a̋s	kőþ-a	ed-ős=k̬e	ǧii.baȝ-a̋s=k̬e	ṡ̨óga	kuȝ-e̋ȝa
when	2s-N	morning-G.s	arise-IND	food-G.s=and	life.joy-G.s=and	for	thank-SBJ

• If you see no reason for giving thanks, the fault lies only in yourself. - Tecumseh
• एबि कु॓यु तआ॔द ने॔अ फु॓स्रम् नके॓य। तोअ॔रि लो॓को सौ॔ल्भि तु॔स् ए॔न धै॓अ॥
• ébi kűȝu tááda néa fűsram nake̋ȝa. toári lőko sóólvi tús éna ðe̋e̋a⁝

ébi	kűȝ-u	tááda	néa-Ø	fűsr-am	nak-e̋ȝa	toári	lők-o	sóól=vi	t-ús	éna	ðe̋e̋-a
if	give.thanks-SUP	for	no-ABS	reason-A.s	see-SBJ	then	fault-N.S	only=ADV	2s-G	in	lie-IND