Fudasi: Syntax: Difference between revisions

From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
m (Revisions.)
(New material. Correction.)
Line 88: Line 88:
| u
| u
|}
|}
===Note:===
*Phonemes in parentheses indicate the pronunciation of the southern Nemuti.




==Grammar==
==Grammar==
===Word Order===
===Word Order - Ċoċu mu Tupu===
*'''001.''' Nemuti word order is SVO, subject-verb-object.
*'''001.''' Nemuti word order is SVO, subject-verb-object.
*'''002.''' The accent is normally on the penultimate syllable. A written acute accent indicates a different accent.
*'''002.''' The accent is normally on the penultimate syllable. A written acute accent indicates a different accent.
Line 102: Line 105:
*'''009.''' The order of adverbials is time, space, manner.
*'''009.''' The order of adverbials is time, space, manner.


===Verbs - '''Selsan̨a''' सेल्सन्य===
===Verbs - '''Tup̨u mu Ċeti'''===
*'''010.''' [[Wikipedia:Verb|Verbs]] are a class of words that convey an action (bring, read, walk, run, learn), an occurrence (happen, become), or a state of being (be, exist, stand).
*'''010.''' [[Wikipedia:Verb|Verbs]] are a class of words that convey an action (bring, read, walk, run, learn), an occurrence (happen, become), or a state of being (be, exist, stand).
*'''011.''' Tense is a grammatical category which expresses the time at which a state or action described by a verb occurs. Tense is indicated by modifying the word's initial [[Wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]].
*'''011.''' Tense is a grammatical category which expresses the time at which a state or action described by a verb occurs. Tense is indicated by modifying the word's initial [[Wikipedia:Phoneme|phoneme]].
Line 147: Line 150:
:::'''Butofe yi a te tetu''', There is an eagle in the tree.
:::'''Butofe yi a te tetu''', There is an eagle in the tree.


===Nouns - '''Pafsan̨a''' पफ्सन्य===
===Nouns - '''Tup̨u mu Eye'''===
*'''028.''' [[Wikipedia:Noun|Nouns]] are a class of words that function as the names of some specific thing or set of things, such as living creatures, objects, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, or ideas.
*'''028.''' [[Wikipedia:Noun|Nouns]] are a class of words that function as the names of some specific thing or set of things, such as living creatures, objects, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, or ideas.
*'''029.''' There are no noun classes in Nemuti.
*'''029.''' There are no noun classes in Nemuti.
Line 164: Line 167:
:::'''hofo''', old; '''hof̨oṡi''', elder; '''hof̨oṡi''', elders.
:::'''hofo''', old; '''hof̨oṡi''', elder; '''hof̨oṡi''', elders.
*'''035.''' The agent of a verb is formed with the suffix '''-ṡi'''.
*'''035.''' The agent of a verb is formed with the suffix '''-ṡi'''.
::: '''ŋopi''', sing; '''ŋopiṡi ''', singer; '''ŋop͑iṡi ''', singers
::: '''ŋopi''', sing; '''ŋópiṡi ''', singer; '''ŋóp͑iṡi ''', singers
*'''036.''' The instrument for performing the action of a verb is formed  with the suffix '''-te'''.
*'''036.''' The instrument for performing the action of a verb is formed  with the suffix '''-te'''.
:::'''te''', cut; '''tete''', knife; '''t̨ete''', knives.
:::'''te''', cut; '''tete''', knife; '''t̨ete''', knives.
*'''037.''' Nouns denoting perceptible things are formed from verbs by using the word '''numu''', thing.
*'''037.''' Nouns denoting perceptible things are formed from verbs by using the word '''numu''', thing.
:::'''yifi''', laugh; '''yifinumu''', laugh, laughter.
:::'''yifi''', laugh; '''yifinumu''', laugh, laughter.
*'''038.''' A noun may be specified as masculine or feminine by using the suffixes '''wo''' and '''ċu''', respectively: '''puhe''', bird; '''wopuhe''', cock; '''ċupuhe''', hen.
*'''038.''' A noun may be specified as masculine or feminine by using the prefixes ''wo''' and '''ċu'', respectively: '''puhe''', bird; '''wopuhe''', cock; '''ċupuhe''', hen.
*'''039.''' Collective nouns are formed from nouns or adjectives by using the word '''tone''', group.
*'''039.''' Collective nouns are formed from nouns or adjectives by using the word '''tone''', group.
:::'''te tone puh̨e''', the flock of birds; '''te tone zim̨i''', the school of fish; '''te tone ṡen̨i''', archipelago.
:::'''te tone puh̨e''', the flock of birds; '''te tone zim̨i''', the school of fish; '''te tone ṡen̨i''', archipelago.
Line 177: Line 180:
:::'''te wini m' udiwi''', the mountain stream.
:::'''te wini m' udiwi''', the mountain stream.


===Modifiers - '''Telsan̨a''' तेल्सन्य===
===Modifiers - '''Tup̨u mu Piŋezi'''===
*'''042.''' In Nemuti grammar adjectives, adverbs and determiners are classed together as modifiers.
*'''042.''' In Nemuti grammar adjectives, adverbs and determiners are classed together as modifiers.


====Adjectives - '''Siksan̨a''' सिक्सन्य====
====Adjectives - '''Tup̨u mu Guṡizi'''====
*'''043.''' [[Wikipedia:Adjective|Adjectives]] are a class of words which qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified.  
*'''043.''' [[Wikipedia:Adjective|Adjectives]] are a class of words which qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified.  
*'''044.''' Adjectives are placed before the noun: '''te wuṡe ṡuma''', the good boy.
*'''044.''' Adjectives are placed before the noun: '''te wuṡe ṡuma''', the good boy.
Line 196: Line 199:
*'''050.''' Word negation is indicated by the use of the prefix '''m(e)-'''.
*'''050.''' Word negation is indicated by the use of the prefix '''m(e)-'''.
:::'''pefi''', even; '''mepefi''', uneven.
:::'''pefi''', even; '''mepefi''', uneven.
*'''051.''' The suffix '''-ṡe''' combines with a noun to form an adjective denoting similarity, likeness or resemblance to what is named in the noun root, -ish, -like.
*'''051.''' The suffix '''-se''' combines with a noun to form an adjective denoting similarity, likeness or resemblance to what is named in the noun root, -ish, -like.
:::'''puhe''', bird; '''puheṡe''', like a bird.
:::'''puhe''', bird; '''puheṡe''', like a bird.
*'''052.''' Adjectives with the meaning ''without'' are expressed with the prefix '''-miṡe''', -less.
*'''052.''' Adjectives with the meaning ''without'' are expressed with the prefix '''-miṡe''', -less.
Line 202: Line 205:
*'''053.''' Adjectives may be used as stative verbs by adding the suffix '''-ze''': '''te gute tunu''', the sick child; '''te tunu ǧuteze''', the child was sick.
*'''053.''' Adjectives may be used as stative verbs by adding the suffix '''-ze''': '''te gute tunu''', the sick child; '''te tunu ǧuteze''', the child was sick.


====Determiners - '''Tizsan̨a''' तिस़्सन्य====
====Determiners - '''Tup̨u mu Tapazi'''====
*'''054.''' Determiners are a class of words that serve to express the reference of that noun or noun phrase in the context. They may indicate whether the noun is referring to a definite or indefinite element of a class, to a closer or more distant element, to an element belonging to a specified person or thing, to a particular number or quantity, ''etc''. They are placed before the noun.
*'''054.''' Determiners are a class of words that serve to express the reference of that noun or noun phrase in the context. They may indicate whether the noun is referring to a definite or indefinite element of a class, to a closer or more distant element, to an element belonging to a specified person or thing, to a particular number or quantity, ''etc''. They are placed before the noun.
*'''055.''' The definite article is '''te'''.
*'''055.''' The definite article is '''te'''.
Line 218: Line 221:
*'''062.''' The negative determiner is '''mi''', no.
*'''062.''' The negative determiner is '''mi''', no.


====Numerals - '''Tonsan̨a''' तोन्सन्य====
====Numerals - '''Zoċe'''====
*'''063.''' Nemuti has an octal numeral system.
*'''063.''' Nemuti has an octal numeral system.


Line 287: Line 290:
:::'''hote''', twice; '''wite''', eight times.
:::'''hote''', twice; '''wite''', eight times.


====Adverbs - '''Dibsan̨a''' दिब्सन्य====
====Adverbs - '''Tup̨u mu Pume'''====
*'''068.''' [[Wikipedia:Adverb|Adverbs]] are a class of words that modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a determiner, a noun phrase, a clause, or a sentence. They typically express manner, place, time, frequency, degree, level of certainty, ''etc.''
*'''068.''' [[Wikipedia:Adverb|Adverbs]] are a class of words that modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a determiner, a noun phrase, a clause, or a sentence. They typically express manner, place, time, frequency, degree, level of certainty, ''etc.''
*'''069.''' Adverbs may be derived from adjectives with the suffix '''-to'''.
*'''069.''' Adverbs may be derived from adjectives with the suffix '''-to'''.
Line 293: Line 296:
*'''070.''' The comparative of these adverbs is formed in the same way as are adjectives; '''wótato''', bravely; '''bo wótato''', more bravely.
*'''070.''' The comparative of these adverbs is formed in the same way as are adjectives; '''wótato''', bravely; '''bo wótato''', more bravely.


===Pronouns - '''Seǹevsan̨a''' सेङेभ्सन्य===
===Pronouns - '''Tup̨u mu Tihizi'''===
*'''071.''' [[Wikipedia:Pronoun|Pronouns]] are a class of words that substitute for a noun or noun phrase. There are seven types of pronouns in Nemuti.
*'''071.''' [[Wikipedia:Pronoun|Pronouns]] are a class of words that substitute for a noun or noun phrase. There are seven types of pronouns in Nemuti.
*'''072.''' The personal pronouns are '''yidi''', I; '''yid̨i''', we; '''mipi''', you (''sg.''); '''mip̨i''', you (''pl.''); '''tifa''', he; '''tif̨a''', they; '''timu''', she; '''tim̨u''', they; '''ifa''', it; '''if̨a''', they.
*'''072.''' The personal pronouns are '''yidi''', I; '''yid̨i''', we; '''mipi''', you (''sg.''); '''mip̨i''', you (''pl.''); '''tifa''', he; '''tif̨a''', they; '''timu''', she; '''tim̨u''', they; '''ifa''', it; '''if̨a''', they.
Line 312: Line 315:
:::'''eṡamema''', someone, somebody; '''eṡanumu''', something.
:::'''eṡamema''', someone, somebody; '''eṡanumu''', something.
:::'''nimema''', no one, nobody; '''ninumu''', nothing.
:::'''nimema''', no one, nobody; '''ninumu''', nothing.
*'''078.''' There are no possessive pronouns. The possessor is expressed with a prepositional phrase using '''mu'''. When this phrase is used, the subject particle '''di''' is omitted.
*'''078.''' There are no possessive pronouns. The possessor is expressed with a prepositional phrase using '''mu'''. When this phrase is used, the subject particle '''hi''' is omitted.
:::'''Tumu hi se kimi mu mipi, zumu hi se mu yidi.''' This is your flower, that is mine.
:::'''Tumu hi se kimi mu mipi, zumu hi se mu yidi.''' This is your flower, that is mine.


===Prepositions - '''Mapsan̨a''' मप्सन्य===
===Prepositions - '''Tup̨u mu Niki'''===
*'''079.''' Nemuti uses [[Wikipedia:Preposition and postposition|prepositions]], a class of words that express spatial or temporal relations (in, under, towards, before) or mark various semantic roles (of, for).
*'''079.''' Nemuti uses [[Wikipedia:Preposition and postposition|prepositions]], a class of words that express spatial or temporal relations (in, under, towards, before) or mark various semantic roles (of, for).
:::'''a te rini''', at the beach.
:::'''a te rini''', at the beach.
:::'''Te juto hi se ṡi te xota''', The cup is on the table.
:::'''Te juto hi se ṡi te xota''', The cup is on the table.


===Conjunctions - '''Nobezsan̨a''' नोबेस़्सन्य===
===Conjunctions - '''Tup̨u mu Taxuzi'''===
*'''080.''' A conjunction is a part of speech that connects words, phrases or clauses.
*'''080.''' A conjunction is a part of speech that connects words, phrases or clauses.
*'''081.''' In Nemuti there are three types of conjunctions.
*'''081.''' In Nemuti there are three types of conjunctions.
*'''082.''' A coordinate conjunction joins two or more items of equal syntactic importance.
*'''082.''' A coordinate conjunction joins two or more items of equal syntactic importance.
:::'''Te tobe mu yidi pu yidi hi ċuri wiṡ̨e pu tiṡ̨u yu, My brother and I like coconuts and bananas.
:::'''Te tobe mu yidi pu yidi hi ċuri wiṡ̨e pu tiṡ̨u yu''', My brother and I like coconuts and bananas.
*'''083.''' Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to join two or more items of equal syntactic importance.
*'''083.''' Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to join two or more items of equal syntactic importance.
:::'''Yidi n̨iye ju ti te rini ti te win̨i''', I will go either to the beach or to the mountains.
:::'''Yidi n̨iye ju ti te rini ti te win̨i''', I will go either to the beach or to the mountains.

Revision as of 09:08, 11 March 2023

Table of Phonemes

MOA nasals stops sibilants fricatives tap affricates approximants vowels
IPA
/m/
 /n/ /ŋ/ /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /s/ (/θ/) /z/ (/ð/) /ʃ/ /ɸ/ /h/ /ɾ/ (/ʁ/) /ʦ/ /ʧ/ /ʤ/ /j/ /w/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /o/ /u/ (/ɯ/)
Latin m n ŋ p b t d k g s z x f h r ṡ ċ j y w i e a o u

Note:

  • Phonemes in parentheses indicate the pronunciation of the southern Nemuti.


Grammar

Word Order - Ċoċu mu Tupu

  • 001. Nemuti word order is SVO, subject-verb-object.
  • 002. The accent is normally on the penultimate syllable. A written acute accent indicates a different accent.
  • 003. The indirect object precedes the direct object.
  • 004. The possessive noun follows the head noun.
  • 005. Determiners precede the nouns they qualify. Adjectives follow the nouns they qualify.
  • 006. The adjective precedes the standard of comparison.
  • 007. The adjective follows the dependent verb.
  • 008. Adverbs follow the verbs they modify.
  • 009. The order of adverbials is time, space, manner.

Verbs - Tup̨u mu Ċeti

  • 010. Verbs are a class of words that convey an action (bring, read, walk, run, learn), an occurrence (happen, become), or a state of being (be, exist, stand).
  • 011. Tense is a grammatical category which expresses the time at which a state or action described by a verb occurs. Tense is indicated by modifying the word's initial phoneme.
  • 012. The present tense is the base form of the verb without modification: nefo, see.
Yidi hi nefo te ton̨u yu, I see the clouds.
  • 013. The past tense is formed by labializing the first consonant: nefo, see.
Yidi hi ňefo te ton̨u yu, I see the clouds.
  • 014. The future tense is formed by palatalizing the first phoneme: nefo, see.
Yidi hi n̨efo te ton̨u yu, I see the clouds.
  • 015. A verbal noun is formed by suffixing the definite article, te, to the appropriate tense form. This verbal noun functions as an infinitive or gerund.
Te nefo se te ṡeso, Seeing is believing.
  • 016. Mood is a grammatical category by which the speaker expresses his attitude toward what he is saying.
  • 017. The subjunctive mood is formed with the suffix -ne:
Tifa hi ŋísane yidi yu, She may love me.
  • 018. The imperative mood is formed with the suffix -te.
Ŋísate yidi yu, Love me.
Wófote tifa yu te ŋopi, Let him sing.
  • 020. The conditional mood is formed with the particle fi:
Fi yidi hi ŋisa mepe yu, If I love you....
Fi yidi hi ŋ̌isa mepe yu, If I loved you....
  • 021. The passive form of the verb is formed with the particle fa:
Te kiki yu ŋísa fa, The mother is loved.
Te feŋu yu x̌oto fa, The apple was cooked.
  • 022. Sentence negation uses mi.
Te ṡuma yúbumi, The boy does not dance.
Te ṡuma ŋ̒ísami, The boy will not love.
Te ṡuċu yúbupene mi, The girl may not want to dance.
  • 023. A question is indicated by the use of the interrogative particle me at the end of the sentence:
Yidi hi ŋisa mepe yu, I love you.
Yidi hi ŋisa mepe yu me, Do I love you?
  • 024. Dependent verbs, such as infinitives and gerunds, follow the verb or adjective upon which they are dependent:
Yidi hi ŋ̌uzu t' eto, I was afraid to go.
    • A direct object is placed before the infinitive:
Yidi hi ŋ̌uzu te ziyi dini yu, I was afraid to touch a toad.
  • 025. Transitive verbs may be formed from adjectives and nouns with the suffix -ri: rehu, wide.
Tih̨a hi rehuri te neje yu, They are widening the road.
Yidi hi ňaċeri tifa yu t' eto, I ordered him to go.
  • 026. The copulative verb to be is se.
Tifa hi se te wako hi, He is the chief.
Tifa hi še te pepe hi, He was the father.
  • 027. The existential copula is yi, there is/are.
Butofe yi a te tetu, There is an eagle in the tree.

Nouns - Tup̨u mu Eye

  • 028. Nouns are a class of words that function as the names of some specific thing or set of things, such as living creatures, objects, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, or ideas.
  • 029. There are no noun classes in Nemuti.
  • 030. Plurality is formed by palatalizing the last consonant:
xote, moon; xot̨e, moons.
    • If the plurality is evident, then the singular form is used: ho xote, two rivers.
  • 031. Possession is indicated by the possessive particle mu, of.
Te feŋu mu te tunu, the child's apple.
Te iṡe mu te bime, the man's foot.
  • 032. Abstract nouns are derived from adjectives with the suffix -zi:
neċe, short; neċezi, shortness.
  • 033. Abstract nouns are derived from verbs with the prefix -zi:
ṡemo, to die, ṡemozi, death.
  • 034. Nouns naming a person characterized by an adjective are formed with the suffix -ṡi:
yiti, young; yitiṡi, youth; yit̨iṡi, youths.
hofo, old; hof̨oṡi, elder; hof̨oṡi, elders.
  • 035. The agent of a verb is formed with the suffix -ṡi.
ŋopi, sing; ŋópiṡi , singer; ŋóp͑iṡi , singers
  • 036. The instrument for performing the action of a verb is formed with the suffix -te.
te, cut; tete, knife; t̨ete, knives.
  • 037. Nouns denoting perceptible things are formed from verbs by using the word numu, thing.
yifi, laugh; yifinumu, laugh, laughter.
  • 038. A noun may be specified as masculine or feminine by using the prefixes wo and ċu, respectively: puhe, bird; wopuhe, cock; ċupuhe, hen.
  • 039. Collective nouns are formed from nouns or adjectives by using the word tone, group.
te tone puh̨e, the flock of birds; te tone zim̨i, the school of fish; te tone ṡen̨i, archipelago.
  • 040. Diminutives of nouns are formed with the prefix ta-.
te pisa, the wind; te tapisa, the creek; te tapis̨a, the creeks.
  • 041. Nouns with mu may be used to modify other nouns.
te wini m' udiwi, the mountain stream.

Modifiers - Tup̨u mu Piŋezi

  • 042. In Nemuti grammar adjectives, adverbs and determiners are classed together as modifiers.

Adjectives - Tup̨u mu Guṡizi

  • 043. Adjectives are a class of words which qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified.
  • 044. Adjectives are placed before the noun: te wuṡe ṡuma, the good boy.
  • 045. The one degree of comparison, known as the comparative (COMP), is formed with adverb bo, more.
yiti, young; bo yiti, younger, youngest.
  • 046. Negative comparison is formed with the word mebo, less: rifoti, distant; mebo rifoti, less/least distant.
  • 047. The comparison of equality is formed with the conjunctions umi...tofi, as...as; ŋiti, red:
Tumu kimi se umi ŋiti tofi jeṡu, This flower is as red as blood.
  • 048. Participles are a form of a verb that is used to modify a noun, noun phrase, verb, or verb phrase, playing a role similar to an adjective or adverb.
  • 049. There are two participles in Nemuti.
    • a. The present participle is created by using the nonpast form of the verb + mu:
te ŋuwo mu zimi, the swimming fish.
    • b. The past participle is created by using the past form of the verb + mu:
te ṡ̬eso mu homa, the sunken boat.
  • 050. Word negation is indicated by the use of the prefix m(e)-.
pefi, even; mepefi, uneven.
  • 051. The suffix -se combines with a noun to form an adjective denoting similarity, likeness or resemblance to what is named in the noun root, -ish, -like.
puhe, bird; puheṡe, like a bird.
  • 052. Adjectives with the meaning without are expressed with the prefix -miṡe, -less.
tegu, hope; tegumiṡe, hopeless.
  • 053. Adjectives may be used as stative verbs by adding the suffix -ze: te gute tunu, the sick child; te tunu ǧuteze, the child was sick.

Determiners - Tup̨u mu Tapazi

  • 054. Determiners are a class of words that serve to express the reference of that noun or noun phrase in the context. They may indicate whether the noun is referring to a definite or indefinite element of a class, to a closer or more distant element, to an element belonging to a specified person or thing, to a particular number or quantity, etc. They are placed before the noun.
  • 055. The definite article is te.
  • 056. There is no indefinite article.
  • 057. The proximal demonstrative, this/these, is tumu.
tumu riki, this leaf; tumu rik̨i, these leaves.
  • 058. The distal demonstrative, that/those, is zumu.
zumu tonu, that cloud; zumu ton̨u, those clouds.
  • 059. Numerals precede the noun in the absence of a determiner.
ne puz̨e xoto, Three women are cooking.
    • They follow the noun if the noun is preceded by a determiner.
Tumu puz̨e ne xoto, These three women are cooking.
  • 060. The elective indefinite determiner is eye, any.
  • 061. The assertive indefinite determiner is eṡa, some.
  • 062. The negative determiner is mi, no.

Numerals - Zoċe

  • 063. Nemuti has an octal numeral system.
1
 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
re ho ne wu xo no mi wi
  • 064. The numerals 9-15 are formed by suffixing the proper cardinal to wi, eight.
9
 10 11 12 13 14 15
wire wiho wine wiwu wixo wino wimi
  • 065. The numerals 16-64 are formed by prefixing the proper cardinal to wi, eight.
16
 24 32 40 48 56 64
howi newi wuwi xowi nawi miwi wiwi
  • 066. The ordinals are made with the prefix be-.
te beho xomi, the second rope
  • 067. The adverbial numbers are made with the suffix -te.
hote, twice; wite, eight times.

Adverbs - Tup̨u mu Pume

  • 068. Adverbs are a class of words that modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a determiner, a noun phrase, a clause, or a sentence. They typically express manner, place, time, frequency, degree, level of certainty, etc.
  • 069. Adverbs may be derived from adjectives with the suffix -to.
''te wota bima, the brave man; Tifa t̬upuri wótato, He acted bravely.
  • 070. The comparative of these adverbs is formed in the same way as are adjectives; wótato, bravely; bo wótato, more bravely.

Pronouns - Tup̨u mu Tihizi

  • 071. Pronouns are a class of words that substitute for a noun or noun phrase. There are seven types of pronouns in Nemuti.
  • 072. The personal pronouns are yidi, I; yid̨i, we; mipi, you (sg.); mip̨i, you (pl.); tifa, he; tif̨a, they; timu, she; tim̨u, they; ifa, it; if̨a, they.
Yidi hi ŋisa timu yu, I love her.
Timu hi ŋisa yidi yu, She loves me.
Yidi hi ŋ̌ipa me timu te kimi yu, I gave her the flower.
    • If the group consists of both male and female beings, the male pronoun is used.
  • 073. The interrogative pronouns are biha, who; bime, what; and haba, which.
  • 074. The reflexive pronouns are translated by using the noun ċego, self.
Yidi hi p̌ina ċego yu, I hurt myself.
  • 075. The intensive pronouns are formed with the noun nusa, self.
Neǹnusa ųsu, I myself will go.
  • 076. The demonstrative pronouns are the demonstrative determiners with the apprpriate particles.
This is a flower, Tumu hi se kimi hi.
Those are leaves, Zum̨u hi se rik̨i hi.
  • 077. The indefinite pronouns are made from the indefinite determiners.
eyemema, anyone, anybody; eyenumu, anything.
eṡamema, someone, somebody; eṡanumu, something.
nimema, no one, nobody; ninumu, nothing.
  • 078. There are no possessive pronouns. The possessor is expressed with a prepositional phrase using mu. When this phrase is used, the subject particle hi is omitted.
Tumu hi se kimi mu mipi, zumu hi se mu yidi. This is your flower, that is mine.

Prepositions - Tup̨u mu Niki

  • 079. Nemuti uses prepositions, a class of words that express spatial or temporal relations (in, under, towards, before) or mark various semantic roles (of, for).
a te rini, at the beach.
Te juto hi se ṡi te xota, The cup is on the table.

Conjunctions - Tup̨u mu Taxuzi

  • 080. A conjunction is a part of speech that connects words, phrases or clauses.
  • 081. In Nemuti there are three types of conjunctions.
  • 082. A coordinate conjunction joins two or more items of equal syntactic importance.
Te tobe mu yidi pu yidi hi ċuri wiṡ̨e pu tiṡ̨u yu, My brother and I like coconuts and bananas.
  • 083. Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to join two or more items of equal syntactic importance.
Yidi n̨iye ju ti te rini ti te win̨i, I will go either to the beach or to the mountains.
  • 084. Subordinating conjunctions join an independent clause and a dependent clause.
Ċeni timu guteze, p̌iga ṡepi mu toċe, Although she is sick, she ate her breakfast.


Octal Table

1
 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
re wi ho ne wu xo no mi wi
9
 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
wire wiho wine wiwu wixo wino wimi howi
17
 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
howire howiho howine howiwu howixo howino howimi newi
25
 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
newire newiho newine newiwu newixo newino newimi wuwi
33
 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
wuwire wuwiho wuwine wuwiwu wuwixo wuwino wuwimi xowi
41
 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
xowire xowiho xowine xowiwu xowixo xowino xowimi nowi
49
 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
nowire nowiho nowine nowiwu nowixo nowino nowimi miwi
57
 58 59 60 61 62 63 64
miwire miwiho miwine miwiwu miwixo miwino miwimi wiwi
Retrieved from "http://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Fudasi:_Syntax&oldid=154896"