User:Bukkia/sandboxII: Difference between revisions
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| style="background-color:#FFFFFF;"| '''New p-language''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*1''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*2''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*3''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*4''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*5''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*6''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*7''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*8''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*9''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*10''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*100''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*1000''' | | style="background-color:#FFFFFF;"| '''New p-language''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*1''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*2''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*3''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*4''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*5''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*6''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*7''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*8''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*9''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*10''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*100''' || style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" | '''*1000''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background-color:# | | style="background-color:#77FFAE;"| '''New language''' || style="background-color:#77FFAE;" | 1 || style="background-color:#77FFAE;" | 2 || style="background-color:#77FFAE;" | 3 || style="background-color:#77FFAE;" | 4 || style="background-color:#77FFAE;" | 5 || style="background-color:#77FFAE;" | 6 || style="background-color:#77FFAE;" | 7 || style="background-color:#77FFAE;" | 8 || style="background-color:#77FFAE;" | 9 || style="background-color:#77FFAE;" | 10 || style="background-color:#77FFAE;" | 100 || style="background-color:#77FFAE;" | 1000 | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 03:37, 27 January 2023
Piti language family:
- *Proto-Piti†
- Kī́rtako†
- Iðâɣ
- Lændixu
- ancient Figo†
- modern Figo
- Biwdiw†
- Gəjlnigo
- Cärähə
- Viwdiwgu
- Jeʂtəra†
- Kī́rtako†
Special letters
- Proto-Piti: ʔ ŋ ɬ ṕ ḱ t́ ɳ ʂ ʈ χ ʰ æ ː
- Kī́rtako: ʔ š ñ ɣ ā́ ḗ ī́ ṓ ū́ ā̀ ḕ ī̀ ṑ ū̀ ɑ
- Iðâɣ: š ð ɣ ɸ β ç č ə à á â ǎ è é ê ě ì í î ǐ ò ó ô ǒ ù ú û ǔ
- Lændixu: ñ ʎ θ ɸ č ž š ç æ ɛ ‘
- ancient Figo: ɕ č š θ ň ə ɛ ā ē ī ō ū
- modern Figo: š ž č ǧ ç ň ř θ ɣ ə ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ə̃
- Biwdiw: ʈ ʂ š ž č ç ǰ ň ʎ ɛ ā ē ī ō ū
- Gəjlnigo: ṕ ḱ t́ b́ ǵ d́ ć ḿ ń ŕ ĺ ś ź v́ h́ č ǧ ǰ š ž ň ʎ ə ɔ
- Cärähə: ṕ ḱ t́ b́ ǵ d́ ć ḿ ń ŕ ś h́ x́ ǰ ç ɟ ɕ ī ə ä ü ő ö
- Viwdiwgu: č ǧ š ž ň ɣ ç ʝ ṡ ɛ ä ü ő ö ə ā ī ō ū
- Jeʂtəra: ʔ ṕ ḱ t́ ʂ ʈ ð ɳ ə ā ē ī ō ū
- Βaβar: β ɸ ð ɣ ç ɟ š ž ɴ ʂ ʐ ʈ ɖ kxʼ tsʼ ʈʂʼ tɬʼ ā ī ū ə
- Memniq: ʔ ħ ť ț ç š ž ŕ ś ć ä ö ë
- Æbbro: š ž ś ź æ
- Pı̇ħ: ʔ ŋ ħ ɬ ɸ ɴ ɛ ı ɔ ȧ ạ ɛ̇ ɛ̣ ė ẹ ı̇ ı̣ ɔ̇ ɔ̣ ȯ ọ u̇ ụ
- Pı̀: ç š č ʎ ɕ ñ ɛ ı ɔ ə ɪ ɑ æ ø ʊ ā a̱ ā̀ à̱ à ā́ á̱ á ā̏ ȁ̱ a̱̋ ā̂ â̱ â ā̌ ǎ̱ ǎ ā̃ ã̱
- Dʰakʰi: ʡ ṅ ʰ ə ː
- Ðaxi: š ž č ǧ ç ň ř ʎ ɫ ɕ ʑ θ ð ɣ ɸ β ṙ ṅ ġ ɛ ɔ ä ü ö ɑ
- Thahi: ʔ θ β ṅ à á á̱ â â̱ è é é̱ ê ê̱ ì í í̱ î î̱ ò ó ó̱ ô ô̱ ù ú ú̱ û û̱ ä ä́ ä̱́ ö ö́ ö̱́
Numbers
Piti languages | ||||||||||||
Proto-Piti | *ʂaːʔo | *ʔaki | *mikoː | *ŋoːɬe | *ṕaːŋe | *tʰuːɬa | *χaʂæ | *ḱuʔe | *ʈoːju | *pʰeːʔo | *ɳaːt́u | *ɬiʔaː |
Kī́rtako | šā́ʔo | ʔaki | mikṓ | gṓwe | pā́ge | thū́wa | hašɑ | kuʔe | tsṓju | phḗʔo | ñā́tu | wiʔā́ |
Iðâɣ | šâ | áɣi | miɣò | gô | pâ | hû | áša | kù | sô | çê | náðu | ěn |
Lændixu | šæf | æx‘ | mixow | gowbɛ | pæžɛ | uba | haša | kuj | coju | few | ñæθu | vjæ |
ancient Figo | ɕōw | ogi | migō | nōh | čōn | θūha | hoɕe | šu | cōju | fēw | ňōšu | liā |
modern Figo | šwov | ug | miɣwo | nwoh | šwõ | fwa | hoše | fu | čwi | fjev | ňwož | řa |
Biwdiw | ʂāhu | hɛgiw | miwgō | gōli | šāgi | tūlɛ | xɛšɛ | čuhi | ʈōǰu | pēhu | ňācju | wiwhā |
Gəjlnigo | šaw | egəj | məjgo | gɔĺ | haǵ | tɔj | heže | čuj | cɔǧo | pejo | ňacco | iva |
Cärähə | xahə | hähü | mügo | gori | sehi | türä | xäsä | cuhi | ɕoçə | pehə | naćə | wüha |
Viwdiwgu | ṡāhu | hɛɣiw | miwgō | gōli | šāɣi | tūlɛ | xɛžɛ | čuhi | tsōǧu | pihu | ňācju | viwhā |
Jeʂtəra | ʂāʔo | ʔakiə | miəkō | gōle | ṕāge | ðūla | haʂə | ḱəwʔe | ʈōjəw | fēʔo | ɳāt́əw | liəʔā |
Βaβar languages | ||||||||||||
Βaβar | īɴ | gaɸ | zgū | dāk | atsʼ | trikxʼ | rməq | dākr | īɴɸə | ɸək | žaβ | kx‘ruç |
Memniqiju languages | ||||||||||||
Memniq | țeʔu | iʔyq | emqi | anäŕ | fänu | yťŕä | iħśü | ʔeći | atjö | poʔi | uncu | ëțnyt |
Rebti languages | ||||||||||||
Æbbro | aargo | bunaa | leeso | zante | gærne | ddiino | woolu | miizo | hæærtu | laare | źoohdi | bbekko |
Pı̇ħ languages | ||||||||||||
Pı̇ħ | *xȯħ | *mɛ̣s | *caw | *ŋuɸ | *pın | *tɛjħ | *qȧt | *mạn | *sju̇n | *ɬajn | *kjıp | - |
Pı̀ | xṑ | mɛ̱s | có | guf | pı́ | tə̀ | hāt | má̱ | šű̱ | bæ̱̃ | çı̱́p | ěn |
Axi languages | ||||||||||||
Dʰakʰi | *-eːku | *-ysaː | *-oːṅi | *-imeː | *-aːto | *-oːre | *-aːdʰi | *-uːkʰa | *-exoː | *-ykoː | *-eːriː | - |
Đaxi | -ekö | -ysä | -oṅi | -ime | -ätɔ | -orɛ | -äði | -uxa | -ɛřo | -yko | -erü | βjuha |
Thahi | -ègu | -ösà | -òji | -imè | -àdo | -òre | -àthi | -ùha | -eṅò | -ögò | -èrì | é̱n |
Ṙaçi | -yku | -əze | -üṅi | -imy | -eto | -ürö | -eṙi | -əwça | -öqü | -əkü | -yrəj | -üha |
Alri languages | ||||||||||||
Proto-Alri | *ṫjes- | *moʈ- | *pʰijn- | *sjajr- | *ʂewṗ- | *kakʰ- | *njuʂ- | *tʰowʡ- | *pəjt- | *lujm- | *ʂowk̇- | *k̇ajʂ- |
Nämty | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 100 | 1000 |
New family | ||||||||||||
New p-language | *1 | *2 | *3 | *4 | *5 | *6 | *7 | *8 | *9 | *10 | *100 | *1000 |
New language | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 100 | 1000 |
Vocabulary
Proto-Piti | Kī́rtako | Iðâɣ | Lændixu | ancient Figo |
modern Figo |
Biwdiw | Gəjlnigo | Cärähə | Viwdiwgu | Jeʂtəra |
*ertu thou you (sing.) |
ertu | étu | ercu1 | ertu | ert | irdju | əjddo | ird́ə | irdju | ertəw |
*jaŋe sheep |
jage | ja goat |
jažɛ | jon | jõ | çɛgi | xeǵ | çähi | çɛɣi | jage |
*jæɬoː night |
jɑwṓ | jǒ | jæbow | jɛhō | wewo | čɛlō | čɔ | cäro | čɛlō | jəlō |
*kit́a sky, heaven |
kita | kiðe | kiθa | kiša | kiža | giwcɛ | gəjce | güɟä | giwcɛ | kiət́a |
*lelu sister |
lelu | le | lɛlu | lelu | rer | liʎu | liho | riŕə | liʝu | leləw |
*liːloṕ to see |
lī́lop | lîp | ʎiloɸ- | līloč | řiroš- | līluš | ləjuš | rīrus | līluš | līloṕ |
*ɬæɬe sun |
wɑwe fire |
é fire |
væbɛ fire |
lɛh | rwe | bjɛli | beĺ | b́äri | vjɛli | ləle day |
*ɬime world, earth |
wime | ím | vimɛ | lim | rim | wiwmi | əjḿ | wümi | viwmi | liəme |
*ɬiːro man, human male |
wī́ro | îrə | vjiru | līru | řir | wīru | əjro | wīrə | vīru | līro |
*ɬoṕeː life |
wopḗ | óβé | voɸi | ločē | rošje | wušē | ɔžej | wüse | wuši | loṕē |
*ɬoṕeːs to live |
wopḗs | óβés | voɸes- | ločēs | rošjes- | wušēs | ɔžejs | wüses | wušis | loṕēs |
*muːke bovine |
mū́ke cow |
múɣ cow |
mučɛ cow |
mūg ox |
mog ox |
mūgi cow |
mɔǵ cow |
mühi cow |
mūɣi cow |
mūke bull |
*naːjo pure, clean |
nā́jo | nâ | næju | nōju | nwoj | nāǰu | naǧo | naçə | nāǧu | nājo |
*ɳakʰe star |
ñakhe | na | ñahɛ | ňoh | ňoh | ňɛki | ňeḱ | näki | ňɛki | ɳaxe |
*papu father |
papu | paβu | paɸu | pobu | ob divine father |
bɛbju | bevvo | bäb́ə | vɛvju | papəw |
*ṕaːtæ leader |
pā́tɑ | páða | pæθa | čōde commander |
šwode governor |
šadjɛ | hadde | sed́ä | šadjɛ | ṕātə |
*ṕiḱe water |
pike | piɣ | pičɛ | čiš | ših | šiwči | həjč | süci | šiwči | ṕiəḱe |
*pʰætʰoːɬ to fly |
phɑthṓw | çaðô* | fowb- | fɛθōl | fweθwo- | pjɛtōw | petɔ* | ṕőw | pjɛtow | fəðōl |
*sopa dog |
sopa | soβe | soɸa | soba | soba | subɛ | huve | subä | suvɛ | sopa |
*soːŋo house, home |
sṓgo | sóɣə | sowgu | sōnu | swõ | sōgu | hɔgo | sohə | sōgu | sōgo |
*sæɳo light (n.) |
sɑño | sanə | sænu | sɛňu | sweň | sjɛňu | heňo | śänə | sjɛňu | səɳo |
*ʂaː who |
šā́ | šá | šæ- | ɕō | šwo | ʂā | ša | xa | ṡā | ʂā |
*ʂuːri big, great |
šū́ri | šúri | sur‘ | ɕūri | šur | ʂūriw | šɔrəj | xorü | ṡūriw | ʂūriə |
*tita name |
tita | tiðe surname |
tiθa | tida | tida | diwdɛ surname |
dəjde peerage, noble title |
düdä bloodline, lineage |
diwdɛ family |
tiəta |
*tʰiːka foot |
thī́ka | híɣe | jixa | θīga | fjiɣa | tīgɛ | təjge | tīhä | tīɣɛ | ðīka |
*ʈæŋeɬ to say, to talk to speak |
tsɑgew | sâ* | cæžɛb- | cɛnəl to say |
čweh- to say |
cɛgiw | cegəj* | ɕähü* | tsɛɣiw | ʈəgel to say |
*ʔaḱoː air, wind |
ʔakṓ air |
áɣó air |
æxow air |
ošō wind |
ožwo wind |
hɛčō air |
ečɔ air |
haco air |
hɛčō air |
ʔaḱō wind |
*ʔæɳ to be |
ʔɑñ | án | - | ɛn* | wẽ-* | çɛň | heň there is |
cän | çɛň there is |
ʔəɳ |
**ʔiːs negative root |
ʔī́s negative verb |
- | jis not |
īs negative verb |
-s negative desinence |
hīs negative verb |
əjs not |
- | hīs negative verb |
ʔīs not |
*1111 xxxx |
2222 xxxx |
5555 xxxx |
6666 xxxx |
3333 xxxx |
7777 xxxx |
4444 xxxx |
8888 xxxx |
9999 xxxx |
0000 xxxx |
4444 xxxx |
- forms marked with * are irregulary derived or have other severly irregular forms.
- 1 This form is deemed as archaic and not used in everday spoken language.
Morphology
Nouns
Singular
Animate noun:
Proto-Piti | Kī́rtako | Biwdiw | |
agentive | *sopali | sopali | subɛliw |
passive | *sopa | sopa | subɛ |
ablative | *sopaʂu | sopašu | subɛšu |
genitive | *sopara | sopara | subɛrɛ |
terminative | *sopaχæ | sopaɣɑ | subɛxjɛ |
causative | *sopakʰu | sopakhu | subɛku |
instrumental | *- | - | - |
abessive | *- | - | - |
locative | *- | - | - |
Proto-Piti | a. Figo | Jeʂtəra | |
agentive | *sopali | sobali | sopaliə |
passive | *sopa | soba | sopa |
ablative | *sopaʂu | sobaɕu | - |
genitive | *sopara | - | sopara |
terminative | *sopaχæ | sobahe | sopaxə |
causative | *sopakʰu | sobaxu | sopaxəw |
instrumental | *- | - | - |
abessive | *- | - | - |
locative | *- | - | - |
Inanimate noun:
Proto-Piti | Kī́rtako | Biwdiw | |
agentive | *- | - | - |
passive | *soːŋo | sṓgo | sōgu |
ablative | *soːŋoʂu | sṓgošu | sōgušu |
genitive | *- | - | - |
terminative | *soːŋoχæ | sṓgoɣɑ | sōguxjɛ |
causative | *soːŋokʰu | sṓgokhu | sōguku |
instrumental | *soːŋokʰæ | sṓgokhɑ | sōgukjɛ |
abessive | *soːŋoŋil | sṓgogil | - |
locative | *soːŋoʈar | sṓgotsar | - |
Proto-Piti | a. Figo | Jeʂtəra | |
agentive | *- | - | - |
passive | *soːŋo | sōnu | sōgo |
ablative | *soːŋoʂu | sōnoɕu | - |
genitive | *- | - | sōgora* |
terminative | *soːŋoχæ | sōnohe | sōgoxə |
causative | *soːŋokʰu | sōnoxu | sōgoxəw |
instrumental | *soːŋokʰæ | sōnoxe | - |
abessive | *soːŋoŋil | - | sōgogiəl |
locative | *soːŋoʈar | sōnocar | - |
Plural
Animate noun:
Proto-Piti | Kī́rtako | Biwdiw | |
agentive | *sopanoli | sopanoli | subɛnuliw |
passive | *sopano | sopano | subɛnu |
ablative | *sopanoʂu | sopanošu | subɛnušu |
genitive | *sopanora | sopanora | subɛnurɛ |
terminative | *sopanoχæ | sopanoɣɑ | subɛnuxjɛ |
causative | *sopanokʰu | sopanokhu | subɛnuku |
instrumental | *- | - | - |
abessive | *- | - | - |
locative | *- | - | - |
Proto-Piti | a. Figo | Jeʂtəra | |
agentive | *sopalino | sobalinu | sopaliəno |
passive | *sopano | sobanu | sopano |
ablative | *sopaʂuno | sobaɕunu | - |
genitive | *soparano | - | soparano |
terminative | *sopaχæno | sobahenu | sopaxəno |
causative | *sopakʰuno | sobaxunu | sopaxəwno |
instrumental | *- | - | - |
abessive | *- | - | - |
locative | *- | - | - |
Inanimate noun:
Proto-Piti | Kī́rtako | Biwdiw | |
agentive | *- | - | - |
passive | *soːŋono | sṓgono | sōgunu |
ablative | *soːŋonoʂu | sṓgonošu | sōgunušu |
genitive | *- | - | - |
terminative | *soːŋonoχæ | sṓgonoɣɑ | sōgunuxjɛ |
causative | *soːŋonokʰu | sṓgonokhu | sōgunuku |
instrumental | *soːŋonokʰæ | sṓgonokhɑ | sōgunukjɛ |
abessive | *soːŋonoŋil | sṓgonogil | - |
locative | *soːŋonoʈar | sṓgonotsar | - |
Proto-Piti | a. Figo | Jeʂtəra | |
agentive | *- | - | - |
passive | *soːŋono | sōnonu | sōgono |
ablative | *soːŋoʂuno | sōnoɕunu | - |
genitive | *- | - | sōgorano* |
terminative | *soːŋoχæno | sōnohenu | sōgoxəno |
causative | *soːŋokʰuno | sōnoxunu | sōgoxəwno |
instrumental | *soːŋokʰæno | sōnoxenu | - |
abessive | *soːŋoŋilno | - | sōgogiəlno |
locative | *soːŋoʈarno | sōnocarnu | - |
Dual
Proto-Piti | Kī́rtako | Biwdiw | |
agentive | *sopaʔili | - | subɛhiwliw |
passive | *sopaʔi | - | subɛhiw |
ablative | *sopaʔiʂu | - | subɛhiwšu |
genitive | *sopaʔira | - | subɛhiwrɛ |
terminative | *sopaʔiχæ | - | subɛhiwxjɛ |
causative | *sopaʔikʰu | - | subɛhiwku |
instrumental | *- | - | - |
abessive | *- | - | - |
locative | *- | - | - |
Proto-Piti | a. Figo | Jeʂtəra | |
agentive | *sopaliʔi | sobalī | - |
passive | *sopaʔi | sobaj | - |
ablative | *sopaʂuʔi | sobaɕuj | - |
genitive | *soparaʔi | - | - |
terminative | *sopaχæʔi | sobahej | - |
causative | *sopakʰuʔi | sobaxuj | - |
instrumental | *- | - | - |
abessive | *- | - | - |
locative | *- | - | - |
Inanimate noun:
Proto-Piti | Kī́rtako | Biwdiw | |
agentive | *- | - | - |
passive | *soːŋoʔi | - | sōguhiw |
ablative | *soːŋoʔiʂu | - | sōguhiwšu |
genitive | *- | - | - |
terminative | *soːŋoʔiχæ | - | sōguhiwxjɛ |
causative | *soːŋoʔikʰu | - | sōguhiwku |
instrumental | *soːŋoʔikʰæ | - | sōguhiwkjɛ |
abessive | *soːŋoʔiŋil | - | - |
locative | *soːŋoʔiʈar | - | - |
Proto-Piti | a. Figo | Jeʂtəra | |
agentive | *- | - | - |
passive | *soːŋoʔi | sōnoj | - |
ablative | *soːŋoʂuʔi | sōnoɕuj | - |
genitive | *- | - | - |
terminative | *soːŋoχæʔi | sōnohej | - |
causative | *soːŋokʰuʔi | sōnoxuj | - |
instrumental | *soːŋokʰæʔi | sōnoxej | - |
abessive | *soːŋoŋilʔi | - | - |
locative | *soːŋoʈarʔi | sōnocari | - |
Kī́rtako languages
Animate noun:
Kī́rtako | Iðâɣ | Lændixu | |||
agentive | sopali | - | - | direct | soɸal‘ |
passive | sopa | direct | soβe | vocative | soɸa |
ablative | sopašu | - | - | - | - |
genitive | sopara | genitive | soβere | - | - |
terminative | sopaɣɑ | - | - | oblique | soɸaha |
causative | sopakhu | - | - | - | - |
instrumental | - | instrumental | - | - | - |
abessive | - | - | - | - | - |
locative | - | locative | - | - | - |
agentive | sopanoli | - | - | direct | soɸanol‘ |
passive | sopano | direct | soβenə | vocative | soɸanu |
ablative | sopanošu | - | - | - | - |
genitive | sopanora | genitive | soβenore | - | - |
terminative | sopanoɣɑ | - | - | oblique | soɸanoha |
causative | sopanokhu | - | - | - | - |
instrumental | - | instrumental | - | - | - |
abessive | - | - | - | - | - |
locative | - | locative | - | - | - |
Inanimate noun:
Kī́rtako | Iðâɣ | Lændixu | |||
agentive | - | - | - | direct | sowgul‘* |
passive | sṓgo | direct | soɣə | vocative | sowgu |
ablative | sṓgošu | - | - | - | - |
genitive | - | genitive | soɣəre* | - | - |
terminative | sṓgoɣɑ | - | - | oblique | sowguha |
causative | sṓgokhu | - | - | - | - |
instrumental | sṓgokhɑ | instrumental | soɣəxə | - | - |
abessive | sṓgogil | - | - | - | - |
locative | sṓgotsar | locative | soɣəsah | - | - |
agentive | - | - | - | direct | sowgunol‘* |
passive | sṓgono | direct | soɣənə | vocative | sowgunu |
ablative | sṓgonošu | - | - | - | - |
genitive | - | genitive | soɣənore* | - | - |
terminative | sṓgonoɣɑ | - | - | oblique | sowgunoha |
causative | sṓgonokhu | - | - | - | - |
instrumental | sṓgonokhɑ | instrumental | soɣənoxə | - | - |
abessive | sṓgonogil | - | - | - | - |
locative | sṓgonotsar | locative | soɣənosah | - | - |
Figo languages
Animate noun:
ancient Figo | Modern Figo | ||||
agentive | sobali | nominative | sobar | ||
passive | soba | accusative | soba | ||
genitive | sobaɕu | oblique | sobaš | ||
dative | sobahe | - | - | ||
causative | sobaxu | - | - | ||
instrumental | - | - | - | ||
locative | - | - | - | ||
agentive | sobalinu | nominative | sobarĩ | ||
passive | sobanu | accusative | sobã | ||
genitive | sobaɕunu | oblique | sobašũ | ||
dative | sobahenu | - | - | ||
causative | sobaxuno | - | - | ||
instrumental | - | - | - | ||
locative | - | - | - |
Inanimate noun:
ancient Figo | Modern Figo | ||||
agentive | - | nominative | swõnur* | ||
passive | sōnu | accusative | swõ | ||
genitive | sōnoɕu | oblique | swõnuš | ||
dative | sōnohe | - | - | ||
causative | sōnoxu | - | - | ||
instrumental | sōnoxe | - | - | ||
locative | sōnocar | - | - | ||
agentive | - | nominative | swõnurĩ* | ||
passive | sōnonu | accusative | swõnũ | ||
genitive | sōnoɕunu | oblique | swõnušũ | ||
dative | sōnohenu | - | - | ||
causative | sōnoxunu | - | - | ||
instrumental | sōnoxenu | - | - | ||
locative | sōnocarnu | - | - |
Biwdiw languages
Animate noun:
Biwdiw | Gəjlnigo | Cärähə | Viwdiwgu | ||||
agentive | subɛliw | - | - | - | - | - | - |
passive | subɛ | direct | huve | basic | subä | direct | suvɛ |
ablative | subɛšu | - | - | - | - | - | - |
genitive | subɛrɛ | oblique | huvere | - | - | genitive | suvɛrɛ |
dative | subɛxjɛ | - | - | - | - | dative | suvɛxjɛ |
causative | subɛku | - | - | - | - | - | - |
instrumental | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
agentive | subɛhiwliw | - | - | - | - | - | - |
passive | subɛhiw | direct | - | basic | - | direct | suvɛhiw |
ablative | subɛhiwšu | - | - | - | - | - | - |
genitive | subɛhiwrɛ | oblique | - | - | - | genitive | suvɛhiwrɛ |
dative | subɛhiwxjɛ | - | - | - | - | dative | suvɛhiwxjɛ |
causative | subɛhiwku | - | - | - | - | - | - |
instrumental | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
agentive | subɛnuliw | - | - | - | - | - | - |
passive | subɛnu | direct | huveno | basic | subänə | direct | suvö |
ablative | subɛnušu | - | - | - | - | - | - |
genitive | subɛnurɛ | oblique | huvenure | - | - | genitive | suvörɛ |
dative | subɛnuxjɛ | - | - | - | - | dative | suvöxjɛ |
causative | subɛnuku | - | - | - | - | - | - |
instrumental | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Inanimate noun:
Biwdiw | Gəjlnigo | Cärähə | Viwdiwgu | ||||
agentive | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
passive | sōgu | direct | hɔgo | basic | sohə | direct | sōgu |
ablative | sōgušu | - | - | - | - | - | - |
genitive | - | oblique | hɔgore* | - | - | genitive | sōgure* |
dative | sōguxjɛ | - | - | - | - | dative | sōguxje |
causative | sōguku | - | - | - | - | - | - |
instrumental | sōgukjɛ | - | - | - | - | - | - |
agentive | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
passive | sōguhiw | direct | - | basic | - | direct | sōguhiw |
ablative | sōguhiwšu | - | - | - | - | - | - |
genitive | - | oblique | - | - | - | genitive | sōguhiwre* |
dative | sōguhiwxjɛ | - | - | - | - | dative | sōguhiwxje |
causative | sōguhiwku | - | - | - | - | - | - |
instrumental | sōguhiwkjɛ | - | - | - | - | - | - |
agentive | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
passive | sōgunu | direct | hɔgono | basic | sohənə | direct | sōgū |
ablative | sōgunušu | - | - | - | - | - | - |
genitive | - | oblique | hɔgonure* | - | - | genitive | sōgūre* |
dative | sōgunuxjɛ | - | - | - | - | dative | sōgūxje |
causative | sōgunuku | - | - | - | - | - | - |
instrumental | sōgunukjɛ | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Verbs
Development
Proto-Piti | Kī́rtako | Biwdiw | |
1s | *liːloṕoł | lī́lopow | līlušū |
2s | *liːloṕer | lī́loper | līlušir |
3s | *liːloṕæt́ | lī́lopɑt | līlušɛc |
3s | *liːloṕ | lī́lop | līluš |
1d | *liːloṕiʔoł | - | līlušiwhū |
2d | *liːloṕiʔer | - | līlušiwhir |
3d | *liːloṕiʔæt́ | - | līlušiwcɛc |
3d | *liːloṕiʔ | - | līlušiwh |
1p | *liːloṕonoł | lī́loponow | līlušunū |
2p | *liːloṕoner | lī́loponer | līlušunir |
3p | *liːloṕonæt́ | lī́loponɑt | līlušunjɛc |
3p | *liːloṕon | lī́lopon | līlušun |
Proto-Piti | a. Figo | Jeʂtəra | |
1s | *liːloṕoł | līločow | līloṕol |
2s | *liːloṕer | līločər | līloṕer |
3s | *liːloṕæt́ | līločeš | līloṕət́ |
3s | *liːloṕ | līloč | līloṕ |
1d | *liːloṕołiʔ | līločohi | - |
2d | *liːloṕeriʔ | līločəri | - |
3d | *liːloṕæt́iʔ | līločeši | - |
3d | *liːloṕiʔ | līloči | - |
1p | *liːloṕołon | līločohon | līloṕolon |
2p | *liːloṕeron | līločəron | līloṕeron |
3p | *liːloṕæt́on | līločešon | līloṕət́on |
3p | *liːloṕon | līločon | līloṕon |
Kī́rtako languages
Kī́rtako | Iðâɣ | Lændixu | |
1s | lī́lopow | lîβò | ʎiloɸof |
2s | lī́loper | lîβəh | - |
3s | lī́lopɑt | - | ʎiloɸæh |
3s | lī́lop | lîp | - |
1p | lī́loponow | lîβonò | ʎiloɸonof |
2p | lī́loponer | lîβonəh | - |
3p | lī́loponɑt | - | ʎiloɸonæh |
3p | lī́lopon | lîβon | - |
Figo languages
ancient Figo | modern Figo archaic forms |
modern Figo modern forms |
||
1s | līločow | řirošov* | řirušjid wẽv | |
2s | līločər | řirošr* | řirušjid wẽr | |
3s | līločeš | řirošeh* | řirušjid wẽh | |
3s | līloč | - | - | |
1d | līločohi | - | - | |
2d | līločəri | - | - | |
3d | līločeši | - | - | |
3d | līloči | - | - | |
1p | līločohon | řirošõ* | řirušjidũ wẽnõ | |
2p | līločəron | řirošrõ* | řirušjidũ wẽrõ | |
3p | līločešon | řirošežõ* | řirušjidũ wẽžõ | |
3p | līločon | - | - |
Biwdiw languages
Biwdiw | Gəjlnigo | Cärähə | Viwdiwgu | |
1s | līlušū | ləjužɔ | rīrusü | līlužū |
2s | līlušir | ləjužih | rīrusir | līlužir |
3s | līlušɛc | - | rīruśäh | līlužɛc |
3s | līluš | ləjuš | rīrus* | līluš* |
1d | līlušiwhū | - | - | līlužiwhū |
2d | līlušiwhir | - | - | līlužiwhir |
3d | līlušiwcɛc | - | - | līlužiwcɛc |
3d | līlušiwh | - | - | līlužiwh* |
1p | līlušunū | ləjužunɔ | rīrusunü | līlužü |
2p | līlušunir | ləjužunih | rīrusunir | līlužür |
3p | līlušunjɛc | - | rīrusuńäh | līlužünjɛc |
3p | līlušun | ləjužun | rīrusun* | līlužün* |