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| | ===Typological structure=== |
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| | Kī́rtako appears to be a morphologically agglutinative language, with a marked introflexive feature, shown in verbal roots. |
| | || ''1 We beg the heavenly father for this <br> 2 May the rain never be lacking<br> 3 May the fields be always full of water<br> 4 May the sun shine for the plants<br> 5 May the fire never destroy the harvest<br> 6 Oh mighty heavenly father, help us<br> 7 We beg the earthly mother for this<br> 8 May the fruits of our work be good<br> 9 May the water never be lacking in our wells<br> 10 May you not shake the ground<br> 11 May the forest not be destroyed by fire<br> 12 Oh graceful earthly mother, help us<br> 13 Therefore we are going to offer the earth this gift<br> 14 Purified by the father's water<br> 15 Given to the mother forever''
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| | '''''P.-P.''''' || '''1 *kit́akoχæ *papuχæ *æt́tu/æt́lo *kuχaːsekonoɬ/kuχaːsekoɬon''' <br>
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| <small>sky-ADJ-TERM father-TERM this/it-PASS ask-<sub>IMPF</sub>-INTENS-PLUR-1ps/ask-<sub>IMPF</sub>-INTENS-1ps-PLUR</small><br>
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| '''2 *ḱume *χeːsu *juʔoːʈar *ʔiːsuŋiɳ(æt́)'''<br>
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| <small>rain-PASS no moment-LOC lack-<sub>IMPF</sub>-SUBJ(-3ps)</small> <br>
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| '''3 *ṕonuno *ṕiḱekʰæ *pʰælono *ʔæɳiɳon(æt́)/ʔæɳiɳ(æt́)on''' <br>
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| <small>field-PASS-PLUR water-INSTR full-PASS-PLUR be-SUBJ-PLUR(-3ps)/be-SUBJ(-3ps)-PLUR</small><br>
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| '''4 *ɬæɬe *sasiːŋinoχæ/sasiːŋiχæno *ʔuːkʰasiɳ(æt́)''' <br>
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| <small>sun-PASS plant-PLUR-LOC/plant-LOC-PLUR shine-<sub>IMPF</sub>-SUBJ(-3ps)</small> <br>
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| '''5 *umaʈoːtaʂu *ruːrokʰu *ʔiːsokæme *ʔiːsiɳ(æt́)''' <br>
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| <small>NOM-harvest-<sub>PERF</sub>-NOM-ABL fire-CAUS destroy<sub>IMPF</sub>-INF<sub>1</sub> NEG-SUBJ(-3ps)</small> <br>
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| '''6 *pʰæŋesiːto *kit́ako *papu, *jono *jeːṕariɳer''' <br>
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| <small>be.able-<sub>IMPF</sub>-PART.AG-PASS sky-ADJ-PASS father-PASS 1ps-PLUR-PASS help<sub>PERF</sub>-SUBJ-2ps</small> <br>
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| '''7 *pʰeːpʰikoχæ *mamuχæ *æt́tu/æt́lo *kuχaːsekonoɬ/kuχaːsekoɬon''' <br>
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| <small>ground-ADJ-TERM mother-TERM this/it-PASS ask-<sub>IMPF</sub>-INTENS-PLUR-1ps/ask-<sub>IMPF</sub>-INTENS-1ps-PLUR</small><br>
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| '''8 *jonora/jorano *uḱakiŋuŋaʂu *sasiːŋaḱano *pareːno *ʔæɳiɳon(æt́)/ʔæɳiɳ(æt́)on''' <br>
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| <small>1ps-PLUR-GEN/1ps-GEN-PLUR NOM-make-<sub>IMPF</sub>-ITER-NOM-ABL plant.grow-<sub>PERF</sub>-NOM-PASS-PLUR good-PLUR be-SUBJ-PLUR(-3ps)/be-SUBJ(-3ps)-PLUR</small><br>
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| '''9 *ṕiḱe *ṕiḱemeːʔinoʈar/ṕiḱemeːʔiʈarno *χeːsu *juʔoːʈar *ʔiːsuŋiɳ(æt́)''' <br>
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| <small>water-PASS water.place-PLUR-LOC/water.place-LOC-PLUR no moment-LOC lack-<sub>IMPF</sub>-SUBJ(-3ps)</small> <br>
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| '''10 *pʰeːpʰiʂu *puːlanokæme *ʔiːsiɳer''' <br>
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| <small>ground-ABL shake<sub>IMPF</sub>-CAUS-INF<sub>1</sub> NEG-SUBJ-2ps</small> <br>
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| '''11 *siːsat́uʂu *ruːrokʰu *ruːrokæme *ʔiːsiɳ(æt́)''' <br>
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| <small>tree-COLLECT-ABL fire-CAUS burn<sub>IMPF</sub>-INF<sub>1</sub> NEG-SUBJ(-3ps)</small> <br>
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| '''12 *ruʔaṕiːḱako *pʰeːpʰiko *mamu, *jono *jeːṕariɳer''' <br>
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| <small>good.heart-ADJ-PASS ground-ADJ-PASS mother-PASS 1ps-PLUR-PASS help<sub>PERF</sub>-SUBJ-2ps</small> <br>
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| '''13 *æt́tukʰu/æt́lokʰu *pʰeːpʰiχæ *niŋtu/niŋlo *koɬækaḱa *koɬækekonoɬ/koɬækekoɬon''' <br>
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| <small>this/it-CAUS ground-TERM this.one-PASS give-<sub>PERF</sub>-INTENS-PLUR-1ps/give-<sub>PERF</sub>-INTENS-1ps-PLUR</small> <br>
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| '''14 *papura *ṕiḱekʰæ *ʔanojaːḱekonoɬ/ʔanojaːḱekoɬon''' <br>
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| <small>father-GEN water-INSTR PAST-purify-<sub>PERF</sub>-PLUR-1ps/PAST-purify-<sub>PERF</sub>-1ps-PLUR</small> <br>
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| '''15 *mamuχæ *jeːʔo *juʔoːχæ *kæɬokonoɬ/kæɬokoɬon'''<br>
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| <small>mother-TERM every moment-TERM give-<sub>IMPF</sub>-PLUR-1ps/give-<sub>IMPF</sub>-1ps-PLUR</small>
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| | style="background-color:#FFD482;" | '''K.''' || style="background-color:#FFD482;" | 1 kitakoɣɑ papuɣɑ niwo kuɣā́sekonow <br> 2 ʔahño hḗjuʔṓ ʔī́sugiñ <br> 3 ponuno pikekhɑ phɑlono ʔɑñiñon <br> 4 rū́roki sasī́ginoɣɑ ʔukhasiñɑt <br> 5 umatsṓtašu wɑwekhu ʔī́sokiñɑme ʔī́siñ <br> 6 phɑgesī́to kitako papu, jono jḗpariñer <br> 7 phḗphikoɣɑ mamuɣɑ niwo kuɣā́sekonow <br> 8 jonora ʔoptsaʔakašu sasī́gakano parḗno ʔɑñiñon <br> 9 pike pikemḗʔinotsar hḗjuʔṓ ʔī́sugiñ <br> 10 phḗphišu pū̒lanokiñɑme ʔī́siñer <br> 11 sī́satušu wɑwekhu tsirtsɑʔiñɑme ʔī́siñ <br> 12 ruʔapī́kako phḗphiko mamu, jono jḗpariñer <br> 13 ɑwokhu phḗphiɣɑ niwo kowɑkaka kowɑkekonow <br> 14 papura pikekhɑ ʔanojā́kekonow <br> 15 mamuɣɑ jḗjuʔṓɣɑ kɑwokonow
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| | The main word order is basically '''SOV''' (''Subject-Object-Verb''). |
| | style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''I.''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | 1 kuhásəɣonò nî paβure ôr kiðaɣə <br> 2 ânə î kìɣin îsuɣam ǒ <br> 3 ponunə kîɣin ánam ôn ço piɣəxa <br> 4 rûɣi kìɣin ûxasam sù sísenore <br> 5 umasóðe î kìɣin kiɣam îsoɣuɣi âk ére <br> 6 paβu ô kiðaɣə ô çaɣəsiðə, jaβérinəh jən <br> 7 kuhásəɣonò nî mamure ôr çéɸiɣə <br> 8 sasíɣaɣenə ôn óɸsâɣere ôr ònəre kîɣin ánam ôn paré<br> 9 piɣ î kîɣin îsuɣam ǒ pîmênosah <br> 10 çéɸi î kìɣin pônam <br> 11 é î kìɣin sǐsâm sísaðunə <br> 12 mamu ô çéɸiɣə ô roβíɣəɣə, jaβérinəh jən <br> 13 ôxu kóɣəɣonò nìtuɣə kóɣaɣe çéɸire <br> 14 ô ánâɣəɣuɣi piɣəxa ôx paβure <br> 15 ô áɣóɣuɣi mamure jûha
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| | phū́kali mū́ke lī́lopɑt |
| | style="background-color:#FFF3D7;"| '''L.''' || style="background-color:#FFF3D7;" | 1 gjixonof kuhæsɛxiñæm‘ nibo kowf æha paɸuha kiθaxuha <br> 2 æl‘ æçnul‘ jisugiñæh hjeju <br> 3 æn‘ ponunol‘ ojñonæh fælunol‘ je pičɛha <br> 4 æl‘ rurox‘il‘ uhasiñæh su æn‘a sašig‘inoha <br> 5 æl‘ macowθux’il‘ ojñæh jis jisoxux‘ jæl æha væbɛha <br> 6 paɸu kiθaxu fæžɛšiθu, jun jaɸeriñɛr <br> 7 gjixonof kuhæsɛxiñæm‘ nibo kowf æha mamuha fef‘ixuha <br> 8 æl‘ sašigaxanol‘ hæk æha jonuraha owpsæxaha ojñonæh parinol‘ <br> 9 æl‘ pičɛl‘ jisugiñæh hjeju uh ænoha pičɛmjejinoha <br> 10 æl‘ fef’il‘ pulaniñæh jis <br> 11 æl‘ væbɛl‘ circɛjñæh jis æn‘ šisaθunol‘ <br> 12 mamu fef‘ixu roɸjižaxu, jun jaɸeriñɛr <br> 13 æθux gjixonof kæbočɛxiñæm‘ nistuxul‘ kobæxaxal‘ kowf æha fef‘iha <br> 14 næjoxexixux‘il‘ jæl æha pičɛha hæk æha paɸuha <br> 15 kobæxux‘il‘ kowf æha mamuha jejuha
| | la persona vede la mucca |
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| | style="background-color:#83FF82;"| '''a. F.''' || style="background-color:#83FF82;" | 1 kišaguhe pobuhe ɛšlu kuhāsəgohon <br> 2 šum hēsulēdu īsonočeš <br> 3 fēfinu čišəxe fɛlunu ɛnočešon <br> 4 lɛh sosīnihenu ūxasočeš <br> 5 umocōdaɕu rūruxu īsogem īsoč <br> 6 fɛnəsīdu kišagu pobu, junu rōšagočər <br> 7 čonuguhe momuhe ɛšlu kuhāsəgohon <br> 8 oltuɕunu šiganušaɕu marɕonu porēnu ɛnočešon <br> 9 čiš usohacarnu hēsulēdu īsunočeš <br> 10 čonuɕu pūlanogem īsočər <br> 11 sīsašuɕu rūruxu rūrogem īsoč <br> 12 adrigu čonugu momu, junu rōšagočər <br> 13 ɛšluxu čonuhe ninlu kohegaša kɛhogiga imēhohon <br> 14 pobuɕu čišəxe nōjogəgagohon <br> 15 momuhe jodulēduhe kɛhogohon
| | The morphosyntactical system is clearly a ''head-final''. All parameters are aligned with this type: |
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| | *''object - verb'' |
| | style="background-color:#D9FFCD;"| '''m. F.''' || style="background-color:#D9FFCD;" | 1 obuš kov wehru kwešidũ wẽnõ <br> 2 fumər çesuřo jisũňid wũšis <br> 3 fjifirĩ šižəš čĩ fwerurĩ wũžõ <br> 4 rwer sušinišũ so oxešid wũš <br> 5 umočwodar ruruš xowf jisoɣug wũšis <br> 6 fwenšid ob, õt rwožgəšr <br> 7 šõɣuš momuš kov wehru kwešidũ wẽnõ <br> 8 ortũšuš šigãnunažaš řek maršorĩ ořerĩ wũžõ <br> 9 šižər uswošũ om çesuřo jisũňid wũšis <br> 10 šõr urňid wũšis <br> 11 šisažurĩ ruruš xowf ruroɣuɣũ wũžũs <br> 12 adrig šõg mom, õt rwožgəšr <br> 13 wehlux šõš kov nĩr koɣaža čiǧidũ mjõ <br> 14 swedug obuš řek šižəš čĩ nujžidũ jẽnõ <br> 15 ňo momuš kov jořwe čiǧidũ wẽnõ
| | *''noun - postposition'' |
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| | *''adjective - noun'' |
| | style="background-color:#BDF6F9;"| '''B.''' || style="background-color:#BDF6F9;" | 1 gjuxāsigunū niwlu giwcɛguxjɛ bɛbjuxjɛ <br> 2 čumi hīsjugiwň xēsjučuhō <br> 3 šunjunu çɛňiwňun pjɛʎunu čig šiwčišu <br> 4 bjɛli hūkɛsiwň ēxňinuxjɛ <br> 5 jumɛʈōdɛšu hīsiwň rūruku hīsugiwgɛ <br> 6 pjɛgisīdu giwcegu bɛbju, çɛsēriwňir çunu <br> 7 gjuxāsigunū niwlu pēpiwguxjɛ mɛmjuxjɛ <br> 8 ūdjunušu čigɛgjugiwšɛšu bɛbrinu çɛňiwňun bɛrēnu <br> 9 šiwči hīsjugiwň xēsjučuhō hūm jusɛxɛnu <br> 10 hīsiwňir pēpiwšu būlɛnugiwgɛ <br> 11 ʈɛnginu hīsiwňun rūruku rūrugiwgɛ <br> 12 rjuhɛšičɛgu pēpiwgu mɛmju, çɛsēriwňir çunu <br> 13 niwluxjɛ guʎɛgigunū niwdu guʎɛgɛčɛ pēpiwxjɛ <br> 14 hɛnuǰāčigunū jɛš čig bɛbjurɛ šiwčišu <br> 15 gjɛlugunū jɛš mɛmjuxjɛ çɛhučuhōxjɛ
| | *''relative clause - noun'' |
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| | style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''G.''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | 1 guhazigunɔ nəju gɔ ežəre gəjčegore bevvore <br> 2 ež čuḿ əjssug əjs hoh hejčo <br> 3 ežno hunnono pegizužun mezəjge pehono čig həjčire <br> 4 ež beĺ ɔkezuš sɔ ežnure ejhňinure <br> 5 ež rɔro əjzug əjs hoh ež emocedduǵ <br> 6 pegizəjd́ gəjčego bevvo, huno hezejrəjňih <br> 7 guhazigunɔ nəju gɔ ežəre pejpəjgore memmore <br> 8 ežno bevŕino čel ɔddunužore čigeggugəjšere pegizužun mezəjge berejno <br> 9 ež həjč əjssug əjs hoh hejčo ɔm ežnure juzehenure <br> 10 bojnugih əjs hoh ež pejpəj <br> 11 ež rɔro rɔrug əjs hoh ežno cenǵino <br> 12 rɔjčego pejpəjgo memmo, huno hezejrəjňih <br> 13 nəjuhhe ɔdduno gewgigunɔ nəjdo gewgeče gɔ ežəre pejpəjre <br> 14 ježlo enaǧočiguǵ ləj ež həjč čel ežəre bevvore <br> 15 ježlo egewguǵ gɔ ežəre memmore hejučohhe
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| | style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''C.''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | 1 ǵuxasihunü nürə gow äs bäb́ə güɟähə <br> 2 äs cumi hīśuhün wī hīco <br> 3 äsən śunənə cänünun cänühä ṕäŕənə cig süci <br> 4 äs b́äri cänün hükäsühä süh äsən exninə <br> 5 äs rürə hīsuhün wī äs mäɕod́uhi <br> 6 ṕähisīdi bäb́ə güɟähə, çunə çäserünir <br> 7 ǵuxasihunü nürə gow äs mäḿə pepühə <br> 8 äsən bäbrinə cär äs cihähühüsä çunərä cänünun cänühä bärenə <br> 9 äs süci hīśuhün wī hüm äsən jusäxänə <br> 10 büränühünir wī äs pepü <br> 11 äsən ɕänginə cänünun cänühä rüruhuhi wī rü äs rürə <br> 12 ŕühäsicähə mäḿə pepühə, çunə çäserünir <br> 13 nüruh́ ǵäruhihunü nüdə guŕähäcä gow äs pepü <br> 14 nuçaciguhi cig äs süci cär äs bäb́ə <br> 15 ǵurähuhi gow äs mäḿə çehsuco
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| | style="background-color:#EBFFF7;"| '''V.''' || style="background-color:#EBFFF7;" | 1 gjuxāziɣü niwlu giwcɛgux vɛvjuxjɛ <br> 2 čumi hīsjuɣiwňiwç hīzduhō <br> 3 šiwči pjɛʝučiɣiwňiwčɛc šunjū <br> 4 vjɛli hūkɛziwňiwç sūh iɣnüxjɛ <br> 5 rūru hīziwňiwčɛc hīzuɣiwgɛ jumɛtsōdɛrɛ <br> 6 pjɛɣizīdi giwcɛgu vɛvju, çɛziriwňir çū <br> 7 gjuxāziɣü niwlu pipiwgux mɛmjuxjɛ <br> 8 vɛvrü čiɣɛgjuɣiwšɛrɛ çūrɛ pjɛɣiwňün vɛrü <br> 9 šiwči hīsjuɣiwňiwç hīzduhō hūm juzɛxö <br> 10 hīziwňiwçir vulöɣiwgɛ pipiwrɛ <br> 11 tsɛngü hīziwňiwçün rurūgjuɣü čɛl rūrurɛ <br> 12 rjuhɛžičɛgu pipiwgu mɛmju, çɛziriwňir çū <br> 13 niwlux guʝɛɣiɣü niwdu guʝɛɣɛčɛ pipiwxjɛ <br> 14 jɛšlu nuǧāčigjuɣi čɛl šiwčirɛ vɛvjurɛ <br> 15 jɛšlu guʝɛgjuɣi mɛmjuxjɛ çihuhōxjɛ
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| | style="background-color:#FFBBE9;"| '''J.''' || style="background-color:#FFBBE9;" | 1 kəwhāsekolon niəglo papəwxə kiət́akox <br> 2 ʔīsəwgiəɳ ḱəwme hesəw lēto <br> 3 ʔəɳiəɳon əḱwāno fəlono ḱīg ṕiəḱera <br> 4 ʔūxasiəɳ polke sūʔ kīrnūxəno <br> 5 ʔīsokiəɳ əwmaʈōta rūroxəw ʔīs <br> 6 papəw kiət́ako fəgesīto, jēṕariəɳer jono <br> 7 kəwhāsekolon niəglo maməwxə fēfiəkox <br> 8 ʔəɳiəɳon ḱimtəno əwḱakiəgəwgara oltəwrano parēno <br> 9 ʔīsəwgiəɳ ṕiəḱe hesəw lēto ʔūm ṕiəḱemēʔiəno <br> 10 pūlanokiəɳer fēfiə ʔīs <br> 11 rūrokiəɳ siəsat́əw rūroxəw ʔīs <br> 12 maməw fēfiəko ṕarḱūko, jēṕariəɳer jono <br> 13 ət́loxə koləkekolon niəgtəw əwkoləka fēfiəxə <br> 14 ʔanojāḱekolon ət́ ḱīg ṕiəḱera papəwra <br> 15 kəlokolon ət́ maməwxə jēʔo lētoxə
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