Cernelian/3rd declension: Difference between revisions
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! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| ''tuć'' | | ''tuć'' | ||
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ddd" | '' | | rowspan="2" style="background:#ddd" | ''tudz'''ie''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ddd" | '' | | rowspan="2" style="background:#ddd" | ''tudz'''ię''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| Line 65: | Line 65: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | ''tudź'''sze''''' | ||
| ''tuc'''isze''''' | | ''tuc'''isze''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 73: | Line 73: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| ''tuć'''nie''''' | |||
| ''tuc'''inie''''' | | ''tuc'''inie''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Vocative | ! Vocative | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | ''tudź'''sze''''' | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | ''tudz'''ie''''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 23:58, 22 October 2021
Nominals ending in soft -∅. Because in Proto-Finnic this type ends in -i which transparent in vowel harmony (łólcho "in the stupid one" vs. nirsze "in the dull one"), it split into four subtypes. While in other Finnic languages e-stem is more alive, i-stem is much alive here and the e-stem of 3rd declension simply died. The only remnant of e-stem here is the nominative (incl. accusative and vocative) plurals.
There is slight irregularity in the singular ablative form, e.g. **tućsto is simplified to tucto. Before the ending, the sequences **-ćs-, **-dźs- are simplified to -c-, while **-śćs- and **-źdźs- are simplified to -js-. Alongside those, sequences **-czs-, **-szs- and **-żs- are also simplified to -c- (the first one) and -s- (the last two) as well.
Type 3A
Nominals with stems ending in -b, -ć, -dź, -j, -m, -ń, -p, -ś, -w, and -ź (all letters containing acute accent like -dź always written -Ci(V)- before vowels). It has back vowel harmony.
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -∅ | -ie | |
| Accusative | Inanimate | ||
| Animate | -ię | ||
| Genitive | -iedzię | ||
| Dative | -ią | -ią | |
| Locative | -sze | -isze | |
| Ablative | -sto | -isto | |
| Instrumental | -nie | -inie | |
| Vocative | -cho | -ie | |
Examples:
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | tuć | tudzie |
| Accusative | tudzię | |
| Genitive | tuciedzię | |
| Dative | tucią | tucią |
| Locative | tudźsze | tucisze |
| Ablative | tucto | tucisto |
| Instrumental | tućnie | tucinie |
| Vocative | tudźsze | tudzie |
Type 3B
Nominals with stems ending in -c, -cz, -dz, -dż, -rz, -sz, and -ż. It has back vowel harmony.
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -∅ | -e | |
| Accusative | Inanimate | ||
| Animate | -ę | ||
| Genitive | -edzię | ||
| Dative | -ą | -ą | |
| Locative | -sze | -ysze | |
| Ablative | -sto | -ysto | |
| Instrumental | -nie | -ynie | |
| Vocative | -sze | -e | |
